Texas State Plumbing Code

INDUSTRIALIZED HOUSING AND BUILDINGS

Administrative Rules of the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation
16 Texas Administrative Code, Chapter 70

TABLE OF CONTENTS

70.L Authority 1

70.10. Definitions 1

70.20. Registration of Manufacturers and Industrialized Builders 4

70.2L Registration of Design Review Agencies and Third Party Inspection Agencies and Inspectors 5

70.22. Criteria for Approval of Design Review Agencies 6

70.23. Criteria for Approval of Third Party Inspection Agencies and Inspectors 7

70.30. Exemptions 9

70.40. Insurance/Bonding/Security Requirements 10

70.50. Manufacturer's and Builder's Monthly Reports 10

70.51. Third Party Inspection Reports 11

70.60. Responsibilities of the Department-Plant Certification 11

70.61. Responsibilities of the Department--ln-plant Inspection 13

70.62. Responsibilities of the Local Building Official-Building Site Inspections 13

70.63. Council's Responsibilities-Compliance Disputes 14

70.64. Responsibilities of the Department-Proprietary Information Protected 14

70.65. Responsibilities of the C ommission-Reciprocity 14

70.70. Responsibilities of the Registrants-Manufacturer's Design Package 15

70.71. Responsibilities of the Registrants-Manufacturer's Data Plate 21

70.72. Responsibilities of the Registrants-Delivery to Other States 21

70.73. Responsibilities of the Registrants-Building Site Inspections 22

70.74. Responsibilities of the Registrants- A Iterations 23

70.75. Responsibilities of the Registrants-Permit/Owner Information 28

70.76. Responsibilities of the Registrants-Proprietary Information Protected 29

70.77. Responsibilities of the Registrants-Decals and Insignia for New Construction 29

70.78. Responsibilities of the Registrants-G eneral 30

70.80. Commission Fees 30

70.8L Late Renewal Fees 31

70.90. Sanctions- Administrative Sanctions/Penalties 31

70.92. Sanctions for Failure to C omply by Design Review Agencies, Third Party Inspection Agencies, and

Third Party Inspectors 31

70.100. Mandatory Building Codes 32

70.101. Amendments to Mandatory Building Codes 33

70.102. Use and Construction of Codes 50

70.103. Alternate Materials and Methods 50

70.120. Intent 51

feels that a failure to comply has been shown, then the council will recommend that the executive director take
appropriate action. Sanctions shall be administered pursuant to the provisions of Texas Occupations Code, § 1202.302.

70.100. Mandatory Building C odes. (Amended effective December 6, 1994, WTexReg 9295; amended effective December 7,1996, 21
TexReg 6620; amended effective February 8, 2000, 24 TexReg 7225; amended effective October 28, 2001,26 TexReg 8508; amended
effective December 1, 2003, 28 TexReg 10458; amended effective July 1, 2008, 33 TexReg 5000)

(a) Effective October 31, 2008 all industrialized housing and buildings, modules, and modular components, shall be
constructed in accordance with the following codes as amended by §70.101:

(1) National Fire Protection Association- -National Electrical Code, 2008 Edition;

(2) the International Building Code, 2006 edition, including appendices C , F, and K, published by the
International Code Council;

(3) the International Fuel Gas Code, 2006 edition, published by the International Code Council;

(4) the International Plumbing Code, 2006 edition, including appendices C, E, F, and G, published by the
International Code Council;

(5) the International Mechanical Code, 2006 edition, published by the International Code Council; and

(6) the International Residential Code, 2006 edition, including appendix K, published by the International
Code Council.

(b) Other codes referenced in any of the mandatory building codes adopted in subsection (a) shall be considered
part of the requirements of these codes to the prescribed extent of each such reference.

(0

The effective dates of adoption of past editions of the mandatory building codes are as follows:

Code Name and Edition

Effective Date of
Adoption

2003 Edition of the International Building Code

July 1, 2004

2003 Edition of the International Residential Building Code

July 1, 2004

2003 Edition of the International Plumbing Code

July 1, 2004

2003 Edition of the International Mechanical Code

July 1, 2004

2003 Edition of the International Fuel Gas Code

July 1, 2004

2003 Edition of the International Energy Conservation Code

July 1, 2004

2003 Edition of the International Existing Building Code

July 1, 2004

2002 Edition of the National Electrical Code

July 1, 2004

2000 Edition of the International Building Code

2/20/2002

2000 Edition of the International Residential Code with 2001 Supplement

2/20/2002

2000 Edition of the International Plumbing Code

2/20/2002

2000 Edition of the International Mechanical Code

2/20/2002

2000 Edition of the International Fuel Gas Code

2/20/2002

2000 Edition of the International Energy Conservation Code with 2001 Supplement

2/20/2002

1997 Edition of the Uniform Building Code

2/8/2000

1997 Edition of the Standard Building Code

2/8/2000

1997 Edition of the International Fuel Gas Code

2/8/2000

1997 Edition of the International Plumbing Code

2/8/2000

1998 Edition of the International Mechanical Code

2/8/2000

1998 Edition of the International One and Two Family Dwelling Code

2/8/2000

1998 Edition of the International Energy Conservation Code

2/8/2000

1999 Edition of the National Electrical Code

2/8/2000

1994 Edition of the Uniform Building Code

12/7/1996

1994 Edition of the Standard Building Code

12/7/1996

1996 Edition of the National Electrical Code

12/7/1996

Chapter 70, Industrialized Housing and Buildings Page 32-R

July 1,2008

rrjDjrJC

INTERNATIONAL
CODE COUNCIL.

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First Printing: January 2000
Second Printing: January 2001

Third Printing: January 2002
Fourth Printing: September 2002

Fifth Printing: August 2003
Sixth Printing: November 2003

Seventh Printing: July 2004
Eighth Printing: January 2005

ISBN # 1-892395-19-3 (soft-cover edition)
ISBN # 1-892395-20-7 (loose-leaf edition)

COPYRIGHT © 2000
by

INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL, INC.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This 2000 International Plumbing Code is a copyrighted work owned by the International Code Coun-
cil, Inc. Without advance written permission from the copyright owner, no part of this book may be reproduced, distributed, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including, without limitation, electronic, optical or mechanical means (by way of example,
and not limitation, photocopying, or recording by or in an information storage retrieval system). For information on permission to
copy material exceeding fair use, please contact: President, International Code Council, 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 600, Falls
Church, Virginia, 22041-3401. (Phone 703-931-4533).

Trademarks: "International Code Council, " the "International Code Council" logo and the "International Plumbing Code" are
trademarks of the International Code Council, Inc. The "BOCA " logo is a trademark of Building Officials and Code Administra-
tors International, Inc. The "ICBO " logo is a trademark of the International Conference of Building Officials. The "SBCCI" logo is
a trademark of the Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc.

Published in cooperation with:

BUILDING OFFICIALS AND CODE ADMINISTRATORS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

4051 West Flossmoor Road o Country Club Hills, Illinois 60478-5795

(800)214-4321 o www.bocai.org

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF BUILDING OFFICIALS

5360 Workman Mill Road oWhittier, California 90601-2298

(800)284-4406 o www.icbo.org

SOUTHERN BUILDING CODE CONGRESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

900 Montclair Road oBirmingham, Alabama 35213-1206

(800)442-6337 o www.sbcci.org

PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.

PREFACE

Introduction

Internationally, code officials recognize the need for a modem, up-to-date plumbing code addressing the design and installation of
plumbing systems through requirements emphasizing performance. The International Plumbing Code is designed to meet these
needs through model code regulations that safeguard the public health and safety in all communities, large and small.

This comprehensive plumbing code, which incorporates approved code changes from the last two code development cycles, es-
tablishes minimum regulations for plumbing systems using prescriptive and performance-related provisions. It is founded on
broad-based principles that make possible the use of new materials and new plumbing designs. Additionally, the International
Plumbing Code is designed to be compatible with the BOCA National Codes published by Building Officials and Code Administra-
tors International (BOCA), the Uniform Codes published by the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO), the Stan-
dard Codes published by the Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI), and, eventually, all the International Codes
published by the International Code Council.

The International Plumbing Code provides many benefits, among which is the model code development process that offers an
international forum for plumbing professionals to discuss performance and prescriptive code requirements. This forum provides an
excellent arena to debate proposed revisions. This model code also encourages international consistency in the application of provi-
sions.

Development

The first draft of the International Plumbing Code was prepared in 1994 by a development committee appointed by and consisting
of representatives of BOCA, ICBO; and SBCCI. The intent was to draft a comprehensive set of regulations for plumbing systems
consistent with and inclusive of the scope and content of the existing model plumbing codes that incorporates the common plumbing
code format established by the Council of American Building Officials. This format establishes the title, scope and sequence of the
chapters and does not involve the order or content of the provisions within the chapter.

Technical content of the latest plumbing codes promulgated by BOCA, ICBO and SBCCI was utilized as the basis for the devel-
opment of this document. While there were a great many similarities among the three codes, careful consideration was given to iden-
tified differences. The development committee followed certain principles as guidance in the resolution of technical differences.
The principles were based on the intent to establish provisions consistent with the scope of a plumbing code that adequately protect
public health, safety and welfare; provisions that do not unnecessarily increase construction costs; provisions that do not restrict the
use of new materials, products or methods of construction; and provisions that do not give preferential treatment to particular types
or classes of materials, products or methods of construction.

Adoption

The International Plumbing Code is available for adoption and use by jurisdictions internationally. Its use within a governmental ju-
risdiction is intended to be accomplished through adoption by reference in accordance with proceedings establishing the jurisdic-
tion's laws. At the time of adoption, jurisdictions should insert the appropriate information in provisions requiring specific local
information, such as the name of the adopting jurisdiction. These locations are shown in bracketed words in small capital letters in
the code and in the sample adoption! ordinance. The sample adoption ordinance on page v addresses several key elements of a code
adoption ordinance, including the information required for insertion into the code text.

Maintenance

The International Plumbing Code is. kept up to date through the review of proposed changes submitted by code enforcement offi-
cials, industry representatives, design professionals and other interested parties. Proposed changes are carefully considered through
an open code development process in which all interested and affected parties may participate.

For more information regarding the code development process, contact BOCA, 405 1 West Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills,
IlUnois 60478-5795; ICBO, 5360 Workman Mill Road, Whittier, California 90601-2298; or SBCCI, 900 Montclair Road, Birming-
ham, Alabama 35213-1 206.

While the development procedure of the International Plumbing Code assures the highest degree of care, BOCA, ICBO, SBCCI,
their members and those participating in the development of this code do not accept any liability resulting from compliance or non-
compliance with the provisions given herein, for any restrictions imposed on materials or processes, or for the completeness of the
text. BOCA, ICBO and SBCCI do nOt have power or authority to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this code. Only
the governmental body that enacts the code into law has such authority.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

Solid vertical lines in the margins within the body of the code indicate a change from the requirements of the 1997 edition except
where a change was minor. Deletion indicators ('=>) are provided in the margin where a paragraph or item listing has been deleted if
the deletion resulted in a change of requirements.

2000 DNTERNATDONAL PLUR/SBDI^G CODE®

•

SAMPLE ORDINANCE FOR ADOPTION OF THE
INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE

ORDINANCE NO.^

An ordinance of the rJURiSDiCTiONi adopting the 2000 edition of the International Plumbing Code, regulating and controlling the
design, construction, quality of materials, erection, installation, alteration, repair, location, relocation, replacement, addition to,
use or maintenance of plumbing systems in the rJURiSDiCTiONi : providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefore

when used with money; repealing Ordinance No. of the rJURiSDiCTiONi and all other ordinances and parts of the ordinances

in conflict therewith.

The fGOVERNiNG BODY! of the rjURiSDiCTiONi does ordain as follows:

Section 1. That certain documents,; three (3) copies of which are on file in the office of the fJURiSDiCTiON'S keeper of records! and
the fJURiSDiCTiONi . being marked and designated as International Plumbing Code, including Appendix Chapters (fill in the applica-
ble Appendix Chapters. [See International Plumbing Code Section 101.2, 2000 edition]), as published by the International Code
Council be and is hereby adopted as the code of the fJURiSDicriONi for regulating the design, construction, quality of materials, erec-
tion, installation, alteration, repair, location, relocation, replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of plumbing systems in the
fJURiSDiCTiONi and providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefore; and each and all of the regulations, provi-
sions, conditions and terms of such; International Plumbing Code, 2000 edition, published by the International Code Council on
file in the office of the fJURiSDiCTiONi are hereby referred to, adopted and made a part hereof as if fully set out in this ordinance.

Section 2. The following sections are hereby revised:
Section 101.1. Insert: [name of jurisdiction]
Section 106.6.2. Insert: [APPROPRiAtE schedule]
Section 106.6.3. Insert: [percentages in two locations]
Section 108.4. Insert: [offense, dollar amount, number of days]
Section 108.5. Insert: [dollar amount in two locations]
Section 305.6.1. Insert: [number of inches in two locations]
Section 904.1. Insert: [number of inches]

Section 3. That Ordinance No. of [jurisdiction] entitled (fill in here the complete title of the present plumbing ordinance or

ordinances in effect at the present time so that they will be repealed by definite mention) and all other ordinances or parts of ordi-
nances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed.

Section 4. That if any section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this ordinance is, for any reason, held to be unconstitu-
tional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this ordinance. The [governing bodyi hereby declares
that it would have passed this ordinance, and each section, subsection, clause or phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one
or more sections, subsections, sentences, clauses and phrases be declared unconstitutional.

Section 5. That the [jurisdictions keeper of records] is hereby ordered and directed to cause this ordinance to be published. (An
additional provision may be required to direct the number of times the ordinance is to be published and to specify that it is to be in a
newspaper in general circulation. Posting may also be required.)

Section 6. That this ordinance and the rules, regulations, provisions, requirements, orders and matters established and adopted
hereby shall take effect and be in full force and effect [time period] from and after the date of its final passage and adoption.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

2000 INTEBNATIIONAL PLUMBDNG CODE®

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION 1

Section

101 General 1

102 Applicability 1

103 Department of Plumbing Inspection. 2

104 Duties and Powers of the Code Official 2

105 Approval 3

106 Permits 3

107 Inspections and Testing 5

108 Violations 6

109 Means of Appeal 7

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS 9

Section

201 General 9

202 General Definitions 9

CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS 17

Section

301 General 17

302 Exclusion of Materials Detrimental

to the Sewer System 17

303 Materials 17

304 Rodentproofing 17

305 Protection of Pipes and Plumbing

System Components 17

306 Trenching, Excavation and Backfill 18

307 Structural Safety 19

308 Piping Support 19

309 Floodproofing 20

310 Washroom and Toilet Room Requirements 20

311 Toilet Facilities for Workers 20

312 Tests and Inspections 20

313 Equipment Efficiencies 21

314 Condensate Disposal 21

CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE

FITTINGS. 23

Section

401 General 23

402 Fixture Materials 23

403 Minimum Plumbing Facilities. .23

404 Accessible Plumbing Facilities 25

405 Installation of Fixtures 25

406 Automatic Clothes Washers 26

407 Bathtubs 26

408 Bidets 27

409 Dishwashing Machines 27

410 Drinking Fountains 27

411 Emergency Showers and Eyewash Stations 27

412 Floor Drains . 27

413 Food Waste Grinder Units 27

414 Garbage Can Washers 27

415 Laundry Trays 28

416 Lavatories 28

417 Showers. 28

418 Sinks. 29

419 Urinals 29

420 Water Closets 29

421 Whirlpool Bathtubs 29

422 Health Care Fixtures and Equipment 29

423 Specialty Plumbing Fixtures 30

424 Faucets and Other Fixture Fittings 30

425 Flushing Devices for Water Closets and

Urinals ! ... 3 1

426 Manual Food and Beverage Dispensing
Equipment 31

CHAPTER 5 WATER HEATERS 33

Section

501 General 33

502 Installation 33

503 Connections 33

504 Safety Devices 33

505 Insulation 34

CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY AND

DISTRIBUTION 35

Section

601 General 35

602 Water Required 35

603 Water Service 35

604 Design of Building Water Distribution System . . 35

605 Materials, Joints and Connections 37

606 Installation of the Building Water
Distribution System 41

2000 BNTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

TABLE OF CONTENTS

607 Hot Water Supply System 42

608 Protection of Potable Water Supply 43

609 Health Care Plumbing 48

610 Disinfection of Potable Water System 48

611 Drinking Water Treatment Units 48

612 Solar Systems 48

CHAPTER 7 SANITARY DRAINAGE .. .o o ....... 49

Section

701 General 49

702 Materials 49

703 Building Sewer 51

704 Drainage Piping Installation 51

705 Joints 51

706 Connections between Drainage Piping and
Fittings 54

707 Prohibited Joints and Connections 54

708 Cleanouts 54

709 Fixture Units 55

710 Drainage System Sizing 57

711 Offsets in Drainage Piping in Buildings of Five
Stories or More 57

712 Sumps and Ejectors 58

713 Health Care Plumbing 59

714 Computerized Drainage Design 60

715 Backwater Valves 61

CHAPTER g INDIRECT/SPECIAL WASTE ....... 63

Section

801 General 63

802 Indirect Wastes 63

803 Special Wastes 63

804 Materials, Joints and Connections 64

CHAPTER 9 VENTS. 6S

Section

901 General 65

902 Materials 65

903 Vent Stacks and Stack Vents . 65

904 Vent Terminals 65

905 Vent Connections and Grades 66

906 Fixture Vents 66

907 Individual Vent 66

908 Common Vent 66

909 Wet Venting 67

910 Waste Stack Vent 67

91 1 Circuit Venting 67

912 Combination Drain and Vent System 68

913 Island Fixture Venting 68

914 Relief Vents— Stacks of More than

10 Branch Intervals 68

915 Vents for Stack Offsets 69

916 Vent Pipe Sizing 69

917 Air Admittance Valves 69

918 Engineered Vent Systems 72

919 Computerized Vent Design 72

CHAPTER 10 TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND

SEPARATORS 73

Section

1001 General 73

1002 Trap Requirements 73

1003 Interceptors and Separators 73

1004 Materials, Joints and Connections 75

CHAPTER 11 STORM DRAINAGE .............. 77

Section

1101 General 77

1102 Materials 77

1103 Traps 78

1 104 Conductors and Connections 78

1105 Roof Drains 78

1 106 Size of Conductors, Leaders and Storm Drains . . 78

1107 Secondary (Emergency) Roof Drains 85

1108 Combined Sanitary and Storm System 85

1 109 Values for Continuous Flow 86

1110 Controlled Flow Roof Drain Systems 86

1111 Subsoil Drains 86

1112 Building Subdrains 86

1113 Sumps and Pumping Systems . 86

CHAPTER 12 SPECIAL PIPING AND

STORAGE SYSTEMS .87

Section

1201 General 87

1202 Medical Gases 87

1203 Oxygen Systems 87

CHAPTER 13 REFERENCED STANDARDS ...... 89

APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE

SCHEDULE 97

Permit Issuance 97

•

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Unit Fee Schedule 97

Other Inspections and Fees 97

APPENDIX B MATES OF RAINFALL FOR VARIOUS

CITIES 99

APPENDIX C GRAY WATER RECYCLING

SYSTEMS. . ,,..,.. 101

Section

ClOl Gray Water Recycling Systems 101

APPENDIX D DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN

TEMPERATURES 103

APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING

SYSTEM 109

Section

ElOl General 109

E102 Information Required 109

E103 Selection of Pipe Size 109

APPENDIX F STRUCTURAL SAFETY 127

Section

FlOl Cutting, Notching and Boring in Wood

Members 127

APPENDIX G VACUUM DRAINAGE

Section

GlOl Vacuum Drainage System 129

. . . . , 131

2000 DNTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

2000 INTERNATIO^SAL PLUMBING CODE®

CHAPTER 1

ADMINISTRATION

I

SECTION 101
GENERAL

101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the Interna-
tional Plumbing Code of [NAME OF JURISDICTION] hereinafter
referred to as "this code."

101.2 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to the erec-
tion, installation, alteration, repairs, relocation, replacement, ad-
dition to, use or maintenance of plumbing systems within this
jurisdiction. The installation of fuel gas distribution piping and
equipment, fuel gas-fired water heaters, and water heater venting
systems shall be regulated by the International Fuel Gas Code.

Provisions in the appendices shall not apply unless specifi-
cally adopted.

Exception: Detached one- and two-family dwellings and
multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) not more
than three stories high with separate means of egress and
their accessory structures shall comply with the Interna-
tional Residential Code.

101.3 Intent. The purpose of this code is to provide minimum
standards to safeguard life or limb, health, property and public
welfare by regulating and controlling the design, construction,
installation, quality of materials, location, operation, and main-
tenance or use of plumbing equipment and systems.

101.4 Severability. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause
or phrase of this code is for any reason held to be unconstitu-
tional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remain-
ing portions of this code.

SECTION 102
APPLICABILITY

102.1 General. The provisions of this code shall apply to all
matters affecting or relating to structures, as set forth in Section
101 . Where, in any specific case, different sections of this code
specify different materials, methods of construction or other re-
quirements, the most restrictive shall govern.

102.2 Existing installations. Plurnibing systems lawfully in
existence at the time of the adoption of this code shall be per-
mitted to have their use and maintenance continued if the use,
maintenance or repair is in accordance with the original design
and no hazard to life, health or property is created by such
plumbing system.

102.3 Maintenance. All plumbing systems, materials and ap-
purtenances, both existing and new, and all parts thereof, shall
be maintained in proper operating condition in accordance with
the original design in a safe and sanitary condition. All devices
or safeguards required by this code shall be maintained in com-
phance with the code edition under which they were installed.
The owner or the owner's designated agent shall be responsible
for maintenance of plumbing systems. To determine compli-
ance with this provision, the code official shall have the author-
ity to require any plumbing system to be reinspected.

102.4 Additions, alterations or repairs. Additions, alterations,
renovations or repairs to any plumbing system shall conform to
that required for a new plumbing system without requiring the
existing plumbing system to comply with all the requirements of
this code. Additions, alterations or repairs shall not cause an ex-
isting system to become unsafe, insanitary or overloaded.

Minor additions, alterations, renovations and repairs to ex-
isting plumbing systems shall be permitted in the same manner
and arrangement as in the existing system, provided that such
repairs or replacement are not hazardous and are approved.

102.5 Change in occupancy. It shall be unlawful to make any
change in the occupancy of any structure that will subject the
structure to any special provision of this code without approval
of the code official. The code official shall certify that such
structure meets the intent of the provisions of law governing
building construction for the proposed new occupancy and that
such change of occupancy does not result in any hazard to the
public health, safety or welfare.

102.6 Historic buildings. The provisions of this code relating
to the construction, alteration, repair, enlargement, restoration,
relocation or moving of buildings or structures shall not be
mandatory for existing buildings or structures identified and
classified by the state or local jurisdiction as historic buildings
when such buildings or structures are judged by the code offi-
cial to be safe and in the public interest of health, safety and
welfare regarding any proposed construction, alteration, repair,
enlargement, restoration, relocation or moving of buildings.

102.7 Moved buildings. Except as determined by Section
102.2, plumbing systems that are a part of buildings or struc-
tures moved into or within the jurisdiction shall comply with
the provisions of this code for new installations.

102.8 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and stan-
dards referenced in this code shall be those that are listed in
Chapter 13 and considered part of the requirements of this code
to the prescribed extent of each such reference. Where the re-
quirements of referenced standards or manufacturer's installa-
tion instructions do not conform to minimum provisions of this
code, the provisions of this code shall apply.

102.9 Requirements not covered by code. Any requirements
necessary for the strength, stability or proper operation of an
existing or proposed plumbing system, or for the public safety,
health and general welfare, not specifically covered by this
code shall be determined by the code official.

SECTION 103
DEPARTMENT OF PLUMBING INSPECTION

103.1 General. The department of plumbing inspection is
hereby created and the executive official in charge thereof shall
be known as the code official.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

■J03- 104.8

ADMINISTRATION

SECTION 103

DEPARTMENT OF PLUMBING INSPECTION

103.1 GeneraL The department of plumbing inspection is
hereby created and the executive official in charge thereof shall
be known as the code official.

103.2 Appoimtmeet. The code official shall be appointed by
the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction, and the code
official shall not be removed from office except for cause and
after full opportunity to be heard on specific and relevant
charges by and before the appointing authority.

103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures
of this jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the appointing
authority, the code official shall have the authority to appoint a
deputy code official, other related technical officers, inspectors
and other employees.

103.4 Restriction of employees. An official or employee con-
nected with the department of plumbing inspection, except one
whose only connection is that of a member of the board of ap-
peals established under the provisions of Section 109, shall not
be engaged in or directly or indirectly connected with the fur-
nishing of labor, materials or appliances for the construction,
alteration or maintenance of a building, or the preparation of
construction documents thereof, unless that person is the
owner of the building; and such officer or employee shall not
engage in any work that conflicts with official duties or with the
interests of the department.

103.5 Liability. The code official, officer or employee charged
with the enforcement of this code, while acting for the jurisdic-
tion, shall not thereby be rendered liable personally, and is
hereby relieved from all personal liability for any damage ac-
cruing to persons or property as a result of any act required or
permitted in the discharge of official duties.

Any suit instituted against any officer or employee because
of an act performed by that officer or employee in the lawful
discharge of duties and under the provisions of this code shall
be defended by the legal representative of the jurisdiction until
the final termination of the proceedings. The code official or
any subordinate shall not be liable for costs in any action, suit or
proceeding that is instituted in pursuance of the provisions of
this code, and any officer of the department of plumbing in-
spection, acting in good faith and without mahce, shall be free
from liability for acts performed under any of its provisions or
by reason of any act or omission in the performance of official
duties in connection therewith.

SECTION 104
ES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL

LI General. The code official shall enforce all of the provi-
sions of this code and shall act on any question relative to the in-
stallation, alteration, repair, maintenance or operation of all
plumbing systems, devices and equipment except as otherwise
specifically provided for by statutory requirements or as pro-
vided for in Sections 104.2 through 104.8.

104.2 Rele-making authority. The code official shall have au-
thority as necessary in the interest of public health, safety and
general welfare to adopt and promulgate rules and regulations
to interpret and implement the provisions of this code to secure

the intent thereof and to designate requirements applicable be-
cause of local climatic or other conditions. Such rules shall not
have the effect of waiving structural or fire performance re-
quirements specifically provided for in this code, or of violating
accepted engineering practice involving public safety.

104.3 Applications and permits. The code official shall re-
ceive applications and issue permits for the installation and
alteration of plumbing, inspect the premises for which such
permits have been issued, and enforce compliance with the pro-
visions of this code.

104.4 Inspections. The code official shall make all the required
inspections, or shall accept reports of inspection by approved
agencies or individuals. All reports of such inspections shall be
in writing and be certified by a responsible officer of such ap-
proved agency or by the responsible individual. The code offi-
cial is authorized to engage such expert opinion as deemed
necessary to report on unusual technical issues that arise, sub-
ject to the approval of the appointing authority.

104.5 Right of entry. Whenever it is necessary to make an in-
spection to enforce the provisions of this code, or whenever the
code official has reasonable cause to believe that there exists in
any building or upon any premises any conditions or violations
of this code that make the building or premises unsafe, insani-
tary, dangerous or hazardous, the code official shall have the
authority to enter the building or premises at all reasonable
times to inspect or to perform the duties imposed upon the code
official by this code, ff such building or premises is occupied,
the code official shall present credentials to the occupant and
request entry, ff such building or premises is unoccupied, the
code official shall first make a reasonable effort to locate the
owner or other person having charge or control of the building
or premises and request entry, ff entry is refused, the code offi-
cial shall have recourse to every remedy provided by law to se-
cure entry.

When the code official shall have first obtained a proper in-
spection warrant or other remedy provided by law to secure en-
try, no owner or occupant or person having charge, care or
control of any building or premises shall fail or neglect, after
proper request is made as herein provided, to promptly permit
entry therein by the code official for the purpose of inspection
and examination pursuant to this code.

104.6 Ldentification. The code official shall carry proper iden-
tification when inspecting structures or premises in the perfor-
mance of duties under this code.

104.7 Notices and orders. The code official shall issue all
necessary notices or orders to ensure compliance with this
code.

104.8 Department records. The code official shall keep offi-
cial records of applications received, permits and certificates
issued, fees collected, reports of inspections, and notices and
orders issued. Such records shall be retained in the official re-
cords as long as the building or structure to which such records
relate remains in existence unless otherwise provided for by
other regulations.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

ADMINISTRATION

105-106.3

SECTION 105
APPROVAL

105.1 Modifications. Whenever there are practical difficulties
involved in carrying out the provisions of this code, the code of-
ficial shall have the authority to grant modifications for individ-
ual cases, provided the code official shall first find that special
individual reason makes the strict letter of this code impractical
and the modification is in conformity with the intent and pur-
pose of this code and that such modification does not lessen
health, life and fire safety requirements. The details of action
granting modifications shall be recorded and entered in the files
of the plumbing inspection department.

105.2 Alternative materials, methods and equipment. The

provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the installa-
tion of any material or to prohibit any method of construction
not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such
alternative has been approved. An alternative material or
method of construction shall be approved where the code offi-
cial finds that the proposed design is satisfactory and complies
with the intent of the provisions of this code, and that the mate-
rial, method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, at
least the equivalent of that prescribed in this code in quality,
strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability and safety.

105.3 Required testing. Whenever there is insufficient evi-
dence of compliance with the provisions of this code, or evi-
dence that a material or method does not conform to the
requirements of this code, or in order to substantiate claims for
alternate materials or methods, the code official shall have the
authority to require tests as evidence of compliance to be made
at no expense to the jurisdiction.

105.3.1 Test metliods. Test methods shall be as specified in
this code or by other recognized test standards. In the ab-
sence of recognized and accepted test methods, the code of-
ficial shall approve the testing prbcedures.

105.3.2 Testing agency. All tests shall be performed by an
approved agency.

105.3.3 T'est reports. Reports of tests shall be retained by
the code official for the period required for retention of pub-
lic records.

105.4 Alternative engineered design. The design, documen-
tation, inspection, testing and approval of an alternative engi-
neered design plumbing system shall comply with Sections
105.4.1 through 105.4.6.

105.4.1 Design criteria. An alternative engineered design
shall conform to the intent of the provisions of this code and
shall provide an equivalent level of quality, strength, effec-
tiveness, fire resistance, durability and safety. Material,
equipment or components shall be designed and installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's installation instruc-
tions.

105.4.2 Submittal. The registered design professional shall
indicate on the permit application that the plumbing system
is an alternative engineered design. The permit and perma-
nent permit records shall indicate that an alternative engi-
neered design was part of the approved installation.

105.4.3 Technical data. The registered design professional
shall submit sufficient technical data to substantiate the pro-

posed alternative engineered design and to prove that the
performance meets the intent of this code.

105.4.4 Construction documents. The registered design
professional shall submit to the code official two complete
sets of signed and sealed construction documents for the al-
ternative engineered design. The construction documents
shall include floor plans and a riser diagram of the work.
Where appropriate, the construction documents shall indi-
cate the direction of flow, all pipe sizes, grade of horizontal
piping, loading, and location of fixtures and appliances.

105.4.5 Design approval. Where the code official deter-
mines that the alternative engineered design conforms to the
intent of this code, the plumbing system shall be approved.
If the alternative engineered design is not approved, the
code official shall notify the registered design professional
in writing, stating the reasons thereof.

105.4.6 Inspection and testing. The alternative engineered
design shall be tested and inspected in accordance with the
requirements of Sections 107 and 312.

105.5 Material and equipment reuse. Materials, equipment
and devices shall not be reused unless such elements have been
reconditioned, tested, placed in good and proper working con-
dition, and approved.

SECTION 106
PERMITS

106.1 When required. Any owner, authorized agent or con-
tractor who desires to construct, enlarge, alter, repair, move, de-
molish or change the occupancy of a building or structure, or to
erect, install, enlarge, alter, repair, remove, convert or replace
any plumbing system, the installation of which is regulated by
thi s code, or to cause any such work to be done, shall first make
application to the code official and obtain the required permit
for the work.

106.2 Exempt work. The following work shall be exempt from
the requirement for a permit:

1 . The stopping of leaks in drains, water, soil, waste or vent
pipe provided, however, that if any concealed trap, drain-
pipe, water, soil, waste or vent pipe becomes defective
and it becomes necessary to remove and replace the same
with new material, such work shall be considered as new
work and a permit shall be obtained and inspection made
as provided in this code.

2. The clearing of stoppages or the repairing of leaks in
pipes, valves or fixtures, and the removal and reinstalla-
tion of water closets, provided such repairs do not in-
volve or require the replacement or rearrangement of
valves, pipes or fixtures.

Exemption from the permit requirements of this code shall
not be deemed to grant authorization for any work to be done in
violation of the provisions of this code or any other laws or or-
dinances of this jurisdiction.

106.3 Application for permit. Each application for a permit,
with the required fee, shall be filed with the code oflicial on a
foim furnished for that purpose and shall contain a general de-
scription of the proposed work and its location. The application

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

106.3.1-106.6.2

ADMINISTRATION

shall be signed by the owner or an authorized agent. The permit
application shall indicate the proposed occupancy of all parts
of the building and of that portion of the site or lot, if any, not
covered by the building or structure and shall contain such
other information required by the code official.

106.3.1 CoEstrection documents. Construction docu-
ments, engineering calculations, diagrams and other such
data shall be submitted in two or more sets with each appli-
cation for a permit. The code official shall require construc-
tion documents, computations and specifications to be
prepared and designed by a registered design professional
when required by state law. Construction documents shall
be drawn to scale and shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate
the location, nature and extent of the work proposed and
show in detail that the work conforms to the provisions of
this code. Construction documents for buildings more than
two stories in height shall indicate where penetrations will
be made for pipe, fittings and components and shall indicate
the materials and methods for maintaining required struc-
tural safety, fire-resistance rating and fireblocking.

Exception; The code official shall have the authority to
waive the submission of construction documents, calcu-
lations or other data if the nature of the work applied for
is such that reviewing of construction documents is not
necessary to determine compliance with this code.

106.4 By wlhom application is made. Application for a permit
shall be made by the person or agent to install all or part of any
plumbing system. The applicant shall meet all qualifications
established by statute, or by rules promulgated by this code, or
by ordinance, or by resolution. The full name and address of the
applicant shall be stated in the application.

106.5 Permit issuance. The application, construction docu-
ments and other data filed by an applicant for permit shall be re-
viewed by the code official. If the code official finds that the
proposed work conforms to the requirements of this code and
all laws and ordinances applicable thereto, and that the fees
specified in Section 106.6 have been paid, a permit shall be is-
sued to the applicant.

106.5.1 Approved construction documents. When the
code official issues the permit where construction docu-
ments are required, the construction documents shall be en-
dorsed in writing and stamped "APPROVED." Such
approved construction documents shall not be changed,
modified or altered without authorization from the code of-
ficial. All work shall be done in accordance with the ap-
proved construction documents.

The code official shall have the authority to issue a permit
for the construction of a part of a plumbing system before
the entire construction documents for the whole system
have been submitted or approved, provided adequate infor-
mation and detailed statements have been filed complying
with all pertinent requirements of this code. The holders of
such permit shall proceed at their own risk without assur-
ance that the permit for the entire plumbing system will be
granted.

106.5.2 Validity. The issuance of a permit or approval of
construction documents shall not be construed to be a per-
mit for, or an approval of, any violation of any of the provi-

sions of this code or any other ordinance of the jurisdiction.
No permit presuming to give authority to violate or cancel
the provisions of this code shall be valid.

The issuance of a permit based upon construction docu-
ments and other data shall not prevent the code official from
thereafter requiring the correction of errors in said construc-
tion documents and other data or from preventing building
operations being carried on thereunder when in violation of
this code or of other ordinances of this jurisdiction.

106.5.3 Expiration. Every permit issued by the code offi-
cial under the provisions of this code shall expire by limita-
tion and become null and void if the work authorized by
such permit is not commenced within 180 days from the
date of such permit, or if the work authorized by such permit
is suspended or abandoned at any time after the work is com-
menced for a period of 180 days. Before such work can be
recommenced, a new permit shall be first obtained and the
fee therefor shall be one-half the amount required for a new
permit for such work, provided no changes have been made
or will be made in the original construction documents for
such work, and provided further that such suspension or
abandonment has not exceeded 1 year.

106.5.4 Extensions. Any permittee holding an unexpired
permit shall have the right to apply for an extension of the
time within which the permittee will commence work under
that permit when work is unable to be commenced within
the time required by this section for good and satisfactory
reasons. The code official shall extend the time for action by
the permittee for a period not exceeding 180 days if there is
reasonable cause. No permit shall be extended more than
once. The fee for an extension shall be one-half the amount
required for a new permit for such work.

106.5.5 Suspension or revocation of permit. The code of-
ficial shall revoke a permit or approval issued under the pro-
visions of this code in case of any false statement or
misrepresentation of fact in the application or on the con-
struction documents upon which the permit or approval was
based.

106.5.6 Retention of construction documents. One set of

construction documents shall be retained by the code offi-
cial until final approval of the work covered therein. One set
of approved construction documents shall be returned to the
applicant, and said set shall be kept on the site of the building
or work at all times during which the work authorized
thereby is in progress.

106.6 Fees. A permit shall not be issued until the fees pre-
scribed in Section 106.6.2 have been paid, and an amendment
to a permit shall not be released until the additional fee, if any,
due to an increase of the plumbing systems, has been paid.

106.6.1 Work commencing before permit issuance. Any

person who commences any work on a plumbing system be-
fore obtaining the necessary permits shall be subject to 100
percent of the usual permit fee in addition to the required
permit fees.

106.6.2 Fee schedule. The fees for all plumbing work shall
be as indicated in the following schedule:

[JURISDICTION TO INSERT APPROPRIATE SCHEDULE]

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

ADWilNISTRATION

106.6.3-107.3.3

106.6.3 Fee refunds. The code official shall authorize the
refunding of fees as follows:

1. The full amount of any fee paid hereunder that was er-
roneously paid or collected.

2. Not more than [specify PERCENTAGE] percent of the
permit fee paid when no work has been done under a
permit issued in accordance with this code.

3. Not more than [Specify percentage] percent of the
plan review fee paid when an application for a permit
for which a plan review fee has been paid is with-
drawn or canceled before any plan review effort has
been expended.

The code official shall not authorize the refunding of any fee
paid except upon written application filed by the original
permittee not later than 1 80 days after the date of fee payment.

SECTION 107
INSPECTIONS AND TESTING

107.1 Required inspections and testing. The code official,
upon notification from the permit holder or the permit holder's
agent, shall make the following inspections and such other in-
spections as necessary, and shall either release that portion of
the construction or shall notify the permit holder or an agent of
any violations that must be corrected. The holder of the permit
shall be responsible for the scheduling of such inspections.

1 . Underground inspection shall be made after trenches or
ditches are excavated and bedded, piping installed, and
before any backfill is put in pilace.

2. Rough-in inspection shall be made after the roof, fram-
ing, fireblocking, firestopping, draftstopping and brac-
ing is in place and all sanitary, storm and water
distribution piping is roughed-in, and prior to the instal-
lation of wall or ceiling membranes.

3. Final inspection shall be made after the building is com-
plete, all plumbing fixtures are in place and properly con-
nected, and the structure is ready for occupancy.

1©7.1.1 Approved agencies. Test reports submitted to the
code official for consideration shall be developed by ap-
proved agencies that have satisfied the requirements as to
qualifications and reliability.

107.1.2 Evaluation and follow-up inspection services.
Prior to the approval of a closed, prefabricated plumbing
system and the issuance of a plumbing permit, the code offi-
cial shall require the submittal of an evaluation report on
each prefabricated plumbing system indicating the com-
plete details of the plumbing system, including a description
of the system and its components, the basis upon which the
plumbing system is being evaluated, test results and similar
information, and other data as necessary for the code official
to determine conformance to this code.

107.1.2.1 Evaluation service. The code official shall
designate the evaluation service of an approved agency
as the evaluation agency, and review such agency's eval-
uation report for adequacy and conformance to this code.

107.1.2.2 Follow-up inspection. Except where ready ac-
cess is provided to all plumbing systems, service equip-

ment and accessories for complete inspection at the site
without disassembly or dismantling, the code official
shall conduct the frequency of in-plant inspections
necessary to ensure conformance to the approved evalua-
tion report or shall designate an independent, approved
inspection agency to conduct such inspections. The in-
spection agency shall furnish the code official with the
follow-up inspection manual and a report of inspections
upon request, and the plumbing system shall have an
identifying label permanently affixed to the system indi-
cating that factory inspections have been performed.

107.1.2.3 Test and inspection records. All required test
and inspection records shall be available to the code offi-
cial at all times during the fabrication of the plumbing
system and the erection of the building, or such records
as the code official designates shall be filed.

107.2 Special inspections. Special inspections of alternative
engineered design plumbing systems shall be conducted in ac-
cordance with Sections 107.2.1 and 107.2.2.

107.2.1 Periodic inspection. The registered design profes-
sional or designated inspector shall periodically inspect and
observe the alternative engineered design to determine that
the installation is in accordance with the approved construc-
tion documents. All discrepancies shall be brought to the
immediate attention of the plumbing contractor for correc-
tion. Records shall be kept of all inspections.

107.2.2 Written report. The registered design professional
shall submit a final report in writing to the code official upon
completion of the installation, certifying that the alternative
engineered design conforms to the approved construction
documents. A notice of approval for the plumbing system
shall not be issued until a written certification has been sub-
mitted.

107.3 Testing. Plumbing work and systems shall be tested as
required in Section 312 and in accordance with Sections
107.3.1 through 107.3.3. Tests shall be made by the permit
holder and observed by the code official.

107.3.1 New, altered, extended or repaired systems. New

plumbing systems and parts of existing systems that have
been altered, extended or repaired shall be tested as pre-
scribed herein to disclose leaks and defects, except that test-
ing is not required in the following cases:

1 . In any case that does not include addition to, replace-
ment, alteration or relocation of any water supply,
drainage or vent piping.

2. In any case where plumbing equipment is set up tem-
porarily for exhibition purposes.

107.3.2 Equipment, material and labor for tests. All

equipment, material and labor required for testing a plumb-
ing system or part thereof shall be furnished by the permit
holder.

107.3.3 Reinspection and testing. Where any work or in-
stallation does not pass any initial test or inspection, the
necessary corrections shall be made to comply with this
code. The work or installation shall then be resubmitted to
the code official for inspection and testing.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

107.4-108.7.3

ADMINISTRATION

107.4 Coordination of inspections. Whenever, in the enforce-
ment of this code or another code or ordinance, the responsibil-
ity of more than one code official of the jurisdiction is involved,
it shall be the duty of the code officials involved to coordinate
their inspections and adrninistrative orders as fully as practical
so that the owners and occupants of the structure shall not be
subjected to visits by numerous inspectors or multiple or con-
flicting orders. Whenever an inspector from any agency or de-
partment observes an apparent or actual violation of some
provision of some law, ordinance or code not within the inspec-
tor's authority to enforce, the inspector shall report the findings
to the code official having jurisdiction.

107.5 Approval. After the prescribed tests and inspections in-
dicate that the work complies in all respects with this code, a
notice of approval shall be issued by the code official.

107.6 Temporary connection. The code official shall have the
authority to authorize the temporary connection of the building
or system to the utility source for the purpose of testing plumb-
ing systems or for use under a temporary certificate of occu-
pancy.

SECTION 108
VIOLATIONS

.1 Unlawful acts. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm
or corporation to erect, construct, alter, repair, remove, demol-
ish or utilize any plumbing system, or cause same to be done, in
conflict with or in violation of any of the provisions of this
code.

108.2 Notice of violation. The code official shall serve a notice
of violation or order to the person responsible for the erection,
installation, alteration, extension, repair, removal or demoli-
tion of plumbing work in violation of the provisions of this
code, or in violation of a detail statement or the approved con-
struction documents thereunder, or in violation of a permit or
certificate issued under the provisions of this code. Such order
shall direct the discontinuance of the illegal action or condition
and the abatement of the violation.

108.3 Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation is not
complied with promptly, the code official shall request the legal
counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the appropriate proceed-
ing at law or in equity to restrain, correct or abate such viola-
tion, or to require the removal or termination of the unlawful
occupancy of the structure in violation of the provisions of this
code or of the order or direction made pursuant thereto.

108.4 Violation penalties. Any person who shall violate a pro-
vision of this code or shall fail to comply with any of the re-
quirements thereof or who shall erect, install, alter or repair
plumbing work in violation of the approved construction docu-
ments or directive of the code official, or of a permit or certifi-
cate issued under the provisions of this code, shall be guilty of a
[SPECIFY OFFENSE], punishable by a fine of not more than
[AMOUNT] dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding [number
OF DAYS], or both such fine and imprisonment. Each day that a
violation continues after due notice has been served shall be
deemed a separate offense.

108.5 Stop work orders. Upon notice from the code official,
work on any plumbing system that is being done contrary to the

provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner shall
immediately cease. Such notice shall be in writing and shall be
given to the owner of the property, or to the owner's agent, or to
the person doing the work. The notice shall state the conditions
under which work is authorized to resume. Where an emer-
gency exists, the code official shall not be required to give a
written notice prior to stopping the work. Any person who shall
continue any work in or about the structure after having been
served with a stop work order, except such work as that person
is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condi-
tion,shall be liable to a fine of not less than [AMOUNT] dollars or
more than [AMOUNT] dollars.

108.6 Abatement of violation. The imposition of the penalties
herein prescribed shall not preclude the legal officer of the ju-
risdiction from instituting appropriate action to prevent unlaw-
ful construction or to restrain, correct or abate a violation, or to
prevent illegal occupancy of a building, structure or premises,
or to stop an illegal act, conduct, business or utilization of the
plumbing on or about any premises.

108.7 Unsafe plumbing. Any plumbing regulated by this code
that is unsafe or that constitutes a fire or health hazard, insani-
tary condition, or is otherwise dangerous to human life is
hereby declared unsafe. Any use of plumbing regulated by this
code constituting a hazard to safety, health or public welfare by
reason of inadequate maintenance, dilapidation, obsolescence,
fire hazard, disaster, damage or abandonment is hereby de-
clared an unsafe use. Any such unsafe equipment is hereby de-
clared to be a public nuisance and shall be abated by repair,
rehabilitation, demolition or removal.

108.7.1 Authority to condemn equipment. Whenever the
code official determines that any plumbing, or portion
thereof, regulated by this code has become hazardous to life,
health or property or has become insanitary, the code official
shall order in writing that such plumbing either be removed
or restored to a safe or sanitary condition. A time limit for
compliance with such order shall be specified in the written
notice. No person shall use or maintain defective plumbing
after receiving such notice.

When such plumbing is to be disconnected, written notice
as prescribed in Section 108.2 shall be given. In cases of im-
mediate danger to life or property, such disconnection shall
be made immediately without such notice.

108.7.2 Authority to disconnect service utilities. The code
official shall have the authority to authorize disconnection
of utility service to the building, structure or system regu-
lated by the technical codes in case of an emergency, where
necessary, to eliminate an immediate danger to life or prop-
erty. Where possible, the owner and occupant of the
building, structure or service system shall be notified of the
deci sion to disconnect utility service prior to taking such ac-
tion. If not notified prior to disconnecting, the owner or oc-
cupant of the building, structure or service systems shall be
notified in writing, as soon as practical thereafter.

108.7.3 Connection after order to disconnect. No person
shall make connections from any energy, fuel, power supply
or water distribution system or supply energy, fuel or water
to any equipment regulated by this code that has been dis-
connected or ordered to be disconnected by the code official

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

ADMINISTRATION

109-109.7

or the use of which has been ordered to be discontinued by
the code official until the code official authorizes the
reconnection and use of such equipment.

When any plumbing is maintained in violation of this
code, and in violation of any notice issued pursuant to the
provisions of this section, the code official shall institute any
appropriate action to prevent, restrain, correct or abate the
violation.

SECTION 109
MEANS OF APPEAL

109.1 Application for appeal. Any person shall have the right
to appeal a decision of the code official to the board of appeals.
An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the true
intent of this code or the rules legally adopted thereunder have
been incorrectly interpreted, the priavisions of this code do not
fully apply, or an equally good or better form of construction is
proposed. The application shall be filed on a form obtained
from the code official within 20 days after the notice was
served.

109.2 Membership of board. The board of appeals shall con-
sist of five members appointed by the chief appointing author-
ity as follows: one for 5 years, one for 4 years, one for 3 years,
one for 2 years and one for 1 year. Thereafter, each new member
shall serve for 5 years or until a successor has been appointed.

109.2.1 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist
of five individuals, one from each of the following profes-
sions or disciplines:

1 . Registered design professional who is a registered ar-
chitect; or a builder or superintendent of building con-
struction with at least 10 years' experience, 5 years of
which shall have been in responsible charge of Pwork.

2. Registered design professional with structural engi-
neering or architectural experience.

3. Registered design professional with mechanical and
plumbing engineering experience; or a mechanical
and plumbing contractor with at least 10 years' expe-
rience, 5 years of which shall have been in responsible
charge of work.

4. Registered design professional with electrical engi-
neering experience; or an electrical contractor with at
least 10 years' experience, 5 years of which shall have
been in responsible charge of work.

5. Registered design professional with fire protection
engineering experience; or a fire protection contractor
with at least 10 years' experience, 5 years of which
shall have been in responsible charge of work.

109.2.2 Alternate members. The chief appointing author-
ity shall appoint two alternate members who shall be called
by the board chairman to hear appeals during the absence or
disquaUfication of a member. Alternate members shall pos-
sess the qualifications required for board membership, and
shall be appointed for 5 years or until a successor has been
appointed.

109.2.4 Disqualification of member. A member shall not
hear an appeal in which that member has any personal, pro-
fessional or financial interest.

109.2.5 Secretary. The chief administrative officer shall
designate a qualified clerk to serve as secretary to the board.
The secretary shall file a detailed record of all proceedings
in the office of the chief administrative officer.

109.2.6 Compensation of members. Compensation of
members shall be determined by law.

109.3 Notice of meeting. The board shall meet upon notice
from the chairman, within 10 days of the filing of an appeal or
at stated periodic meetings.

109.4 Open hearing. All hearings before the board shall be
open to the public. The appellant, the appellant's representa-
tive, the code official and any person whose interests are af-
fected shall be given an opportunity to be heard.

109.4.1 Procedure. The board shall adopt and make avail-
able to the public through the secretary procedures under
which a hearing will be conducted. The procedures shall not
require compliance with strict rules of evidence, but shall
mandate that only relevant information be received.

109.5 Postponed hearing. When five members are not present
to hear an appeal, either the appellant or the appellant's repre-
sentative shall have the right to request a postponement of the
hearing.

109.6 Board decision. The board shall modify or reverse the
decision of the code official by a concurring vote of three mem-
bers.

109.6.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by
resolution. Certified copies shall be furnished to the appel-
lant and to the code official.

109.6.2 Administration. The code official shall take imme-
diate action in accordance with the decision of the board.

109.7 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previous
party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropri-
ate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Applica-
tion for review shall be made in the manner and time required
by law following the filing of the decision in the office of the
chief administrative officer.

^.2,3 Chairman. The board shall annually select one of
its members to serve as chairmain.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUR/IBING CODE®

CHAPTER 2

DEFINITIONS

SECTION 201
GENERAL

201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following
words and terms shall, for the purposes of this code, have the
meanings shown in this chapter.

201.2 Interchangeability. Words stated in the present tense in-
clude the future; words stated in the masculine gender include
the feminine and neuter; the singular number includes the plu-
ral and the plural the singular.

201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not de-
fined in this code and are defined in the International Building
Code, International Fire Code, ICC Electrical Code, Interna-
tional Fuel Gas Code or the International Mechanical
Code, such terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them as in
those codes.

201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not defined through
the methods authorized by this section, such terms shall have
ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context implies.

SECTION 202
GENERAL DEFINITIONS

ACCEPTED ENGINEERING PRACTICE. That which
conforms to accepted principles, tests or standards of nation-
ally recognized technical or scientific authorities.

ACCESS (TO). That which enables a fixture, appliance or
equipment to be reached by ready access or by a means that first
requires the removal or movement of a panel, door or similar
obstruction (see "Ready access")-

ACCESS COVER. A removable plate, usually secured by
bolts or screws, to permit access to a pipe or pipe fitting for the
purposes of inspection, repair or cleaning.

ADAPTER FITTING. An approved connecting device that
suitably and properly joins or adjusts pipes and fittings which
do not otherwise fit together.

AIR ADMITTANCE VALVE. One-way valve designed to al-
low air to enter the plumbing drainage system when negative
pressures develop in the piping system. The device shall close
by gravity and seal the vent terminal at zero differential pres-
sure (no flow conditions) and under positive internal pressures.
The purpose of an air admittance valve is to provide a method
of allowing air to enter the plumbing drainage system without
the use of a vent extended to open air and to prevent sewer gases
from escaping into a building.

AIR BREAK (Drainage System). A piping arrangement in
which a drain from a fixture, appliance or device discharges in-
directly into another fixture, receptacle or interceptor at a point
below the flood level rim.

AIR GAP (Drainage System). The unobstructed vertical dis-
tance through the free atmosphere I between the outlet of the

waste pipe and the flood level rim of the receptacle into which
the waste pipe is discharging.

AIR GAP (Water Distribution System). The unobstructed
vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the low-
est opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank,
plumbing fixture or other device and the flood level rim of the
receptacle.

ALTERNATIVE ENGINEERED DESIGN. A plumbing
system that performs in accordance with the intent of Chapters
3 through 12 and provides an equivalent level of performance
for the protection of public health, safety and welfare. The sys-
tem design is not specifically regulated by Chapters 3 through
12.

ANCHORS. See "Supports."

ANTISIPHON. A term apphed to valves or mechanical de-
vices that ehminate siphonage.

APPROVED. Approved by the code official or other authority
having jurisdiction.

APPROVED AGENCY. An established and recognized
agency approved by the code official and that is regularly en-
gaged in conducting tests or furnishing inspection services.

AREA DRAIN. A receptacle designed to collect surface or
storm water from an open area.

ASPIRATOR. A fitting or device supplied with water or other
fluid under positive pressure that passes through an integral ori-
fice or constriction, causing a vacuum. Aspirators are also re-
ferred to as suction apparatus, and are similar in operation to an
ejector.

BACKFLOW

Backpressure. Pressure created by any means in the water
distribution system, which by being in excess of the pres-
sure in the water supply mains causes a potential backflow
condition.

Backpressure, low head. A pressure less than or equal to
4.33 psi (29.88 kPa) or the pressure exerted by a 10-foot
(3048 mm) column of water.

Backsiphonage. The backflow of potentially contaminated
water into the potable water system as a result of the pres-
sure in the potable water system falling below atmospheric
pressure of the plumbing fixtures, pools, tanks or vats con-
nected to the potable water distribution piping.

Backwater valve. A device or valve installed in the building
drain or sewer pipe where a sewer is subject to backflow, and
which prevents drainage or waste from backing up into a
low level or fixtures and causing a flooding condition.

Drainage. A reversal of flow in the drainage system.

Water supply system. The flow of water or other liquids,
mixtures or substances into the distribution pipes of a pota-

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

202

DEFINITIONS

ble water supply from any source except the intended
source.

BACKFLOW CONNECTION. Any arrangement whereby
backflow is possible.

BACKFLOW PREVENTER. A device or means to prevent
backflow.

BALL COCK. A water supply valve, opened or closed by
means of a float or similar device, utilized to supply water to a
tank. An antisiphon ball cock contains an antisiphon device in
the form of an approved air gap or vacuum breaker that is an in-
tegral part of the ball cock unit and that is positioned on the dis-
charge side of the water supply control valve.

BASE FLOOD ELEVATION. A reference point, determined
in accordance with the building code, based on the depth or
peak elevation of flooding, including wave height, which has a
1 percent (100-year flood) or greater chance of occurring in any
given year.

BATHROOM GROUP. A group of fixtures consisting of a
water closet, lavatory, bathtub or shower, including or exclud-
ing a bidet, an emergency floor drain, or both. Such fixtures are
located together on the same floor level.

BEDPAN STEAMER OR BOILER, A fixture utiUzed for
scalding bedpans or urinals by direct application of steam or
boiling water.

BEDPAN WASHER AND STERILIZER, A fixture de-
signed to wash bedpans and to flush the contents into the sani-
tary drainage system. Included are fixtures of this type that
provide for disinfecting utensils by scalding with steam or hot
water.

BEDPAN WASHER HOSE. A device suppHed with hot and
cold water and located adjacent to a water closet or clinical sink
to be utilized for cleansing bedpans.

BRANCH, Any part of the piping system except a riser, main
or stack.

BRANCH INTERVAL, A distance along a soil or waste stack
corresponding in general to a story height, but not less than 8
feet (2438 mm), within which the horizontal branches from one
floor or story of a structure are connected to the stack.

BRANCH VENT. A vent connecting one or more individual
vents with a vent stack or stack vent.

BUILDING. Any structure occupied or intended for support-
ing or sheltering any occupancy.

BUILDING DRAIN, That part of the lowest piping of a drain-
age system that receives the discharge from soil, waste and
other drainage pipes inside and that extends 30 inches (762
mm) beyond the walls of the building and conveys the drainage
to the building sewer.

Comlbined. A building drain that conveys both sewage and
storm water or other drainage.

Sanitary, A building drain that conveys sewage only.

Storm, A building drain that conveys storm water or other
drainage, but not sewage.

BUILDING SEWER. That part of the drainage system that
extends from the end of the building drain and conveys the dis-

charge to a public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage
disposal system or other point of disposal.

Combined, A building sewer that conveys both sewage and
storm water or other drainage.

Sanitary. A building sewer that conveys sewage only.

Storm. A building sewer that conveys storm water or other
drainage, but not sewage.

BUILDING SUBDRAIN. That portion of a drainage system
that does not drain by gravity into the building sewer.

BUILDING TRAP, A device, fitting or assembly of fittings in-
stalled in the building drain to prevent circulation of air be-
tween the drainage system of the building and the building
sewer.

CIRCUIT VENT. A vent that connects to a horizontal drain-
age branch and vents two traps to a maximum of eight traps or
trapped fixtures connected into a battery.

CISTERN. A small covered tank for storing water for a home
or farm. Generally, this tank stores rainwater to be utilized for
purposes other than in the potable water supply, and such tank
is placed underground in most cases.

CLEANOUT, An access opening in the di"ainage system uti-
lized for the removal of obstructions. Types of cleanouts in-
clude a removable plug or cap, and a removable fixture or
fixture trap.

CODE, These regulations, subsequent amendments thereto, or
any emergency rule or regulation that the administrative au-
thority having jurisdiction has lawfully adopted.

CODE OFFICIAL. The officer or other designated authority
charged with the administration and enforcement of this code,
or a duly authorized representative.

COMBINATION FIXTURE, A fixture combining one sink
and laundry tray or a two- or three-compartment sink or laun-
dry tray in one unit.

COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM, A spe-
cially designed system of waste piping embodying the horizon-
tal wet venting of one or more sinks or floor drains by means of
a common waste and vent pipe adequately sized to provide free
movement of air above the flow line of the drain.

COMBINED BUILDING DRAIN. See "Building drain,
combined."

COMBINED BUILDING SEWER, See "Building sewer,
combined."

COMMON VENT, A vent connecting at the junction of two
fixture drains or to a fixture branch and serving as a vent for
both fixtures.

CONCEALED FOULING SURFACE. Any surface of a
plumbing fixture which is not readily visible and is not scoured
or cleansed with each fixture operation.

CONDUCTOR. A pipe inside the building that conveys storm
water from the roof to a storm or combined building drain.

CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS, All of the written,
graphic and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for de-
scribing the design, location and physical characteristics of the
elements of the project necessary for obtaining a building per-

10

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

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202

mit. The construction drawings shall be drawn to an appropri-
ate scale.

CONTAMINATION. An impairment of the quality of the po-
table water that creates an actual hazard to the public health
through poisoning or through the spread of disease by sewage,
industrial fluids or waste.

CRITICAL LEVEL (C-L). An elevation (height) reference
point that determines the minimum height at which a backflow
preventer or vacuum breaker is installed above the flood level
rim of the fixture or receptor served by the device. The critical
level is the elevation level below which there is a potential for
backflow to occur If the critical level marking is not indicated
on the device, the bottom of the device shall constitute the criti-
cal level.

CROSS CONNECTION. Any physical connection or ar-
rangement between two otherwise separate piping systems,
one of which contains potable water and the other either water
of unknown or questionable safety or steam, gas or chemical,
whereby there exists the possibility for flow from one system to
the other, with the direction of flow depending on the pressure
differential between the two systems (see "Backflow").

A branch leading from a soil, waste or vent pipe;
a building drain; or a building sewer; and terminating at a devel-
oped length of 2 feet (610 mm) or more by means of a plug, cap
or other closed fitting.

DEPTH OF WATER SEAL. The: depth of water that would
have to be removed from a full trap before air could pass
through the trap.

DEVELOPED LENGTH. The length of a pipeline measured
along the centerline of the pipe and fittings.

DISCHARGE PIPE. A pipe that conveys the discharges from
plumbing fixtures or appliances.

L Any pipe that carries wastewater or water-borne
wastes in a building drainage system.

DRAINAGE FITTINGS. Type of fitting or fittings utilized in
the drainage system. Drainage fittings are similar to cast-iron
fittings, except that instead of having a bell and spigot, drainage
fittings are recessed and tapped to eliminate ridges on the inside
of the installed pipe.

DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT

Drainage (dfe). A measure of the probable discharge into
the drainage system by various types of plumbing fixtures.
The drainage fixture-unit value for a particular fixture de-
pends on its volume rate of drainage discharge, on the time
duration of a single drainage operation and on the average
time between successive operations.

[. Piping within a public or private
premise that conveys sewage, rainwater or other liquid wastes
to a point of disposal. A drainage system does not include the
mains of a public sewer system or a private or public sewage
treatment or disposal plant.

Bniilding gravity. A drainage system that drains by gravity
into the building sewer.

Sanitary. A drainage system that carries sewage and ex-
cludes storm, surface and ground water.

Storm. A drainage system that carries rainwater, surface
water, condensate, cooling water or similar liquid wastes.

EFFECTIVE OPENING. The minimum cross-sectional area
at the point of water supply discharge, measured or expressed
in terms of the diameter of a circle or, if the opening is not circu-
lar, the diameter of a circle of equivalent cross-sectional area.
For faucets and similar fittings, the effective opening shall be
measured at the smallest orifice in the fitting body or in the sup-
ply piping to the fitting.

EMERGENCY FLOOR DRAIN. A floor drain that does not
receive the discharge of any drain or indirect waste pipe, and
that protects against damage from accidental spills, fixture
overflows and leakage.

ESSENTIALLY NONTOXIC TRANSFER FLUIDS.

Fluids having a Gosselin rating of 1, including propylene gly-
col; mineral oil; polydimethylsiloxane; hydrochlorofluoro-
carbon, chlorofluorocarbon and hydrofluorocarbon
refrigerants; and FDA-approved boiler water additives for
steam boilers.

ESSENTIALLY TOXIC TRANSFER FLUIDS. Soil, waste
or gray water and fluids having a Gosselin rating of 2 or more
including ethylene glycol, hydrocarbon oils, ammonia refrig-
erants and hydrazine.

EXISTING INSTALLATIONS. Any plumbing system regu-
lated by this code that was legally installed prior to the effective
date of this code, or for which a permit to install has been is-
sued.

FAUCET. A valve end of a water pipe through which water is
drawn from or held within the pipe.

FIXTURE. See "Plumbing fixture."

FIXTURE BRANCH. A drain serving two or more fixtures
that discharges to another drain or to a stack.

FIXTURE DRAIN. The drain from the trap of a fixture to a
junction with any other drain pipe.

FIXTURE FITTING

Supply fitting. A fitting that controls the volume and/or di-
rectional flow of water and is either attached to or accessible
from a fixture, or is used with an open or atmospheric dis-
charge.

Waste fitting. A combination of components that conveys
the sanitary waste from the outlet of a fixture to the connec-
tion to the sanitary drainage system.

FIXTURE SUPPLY. The water supply pipe connecting a fix-
ture to a branch water supply pipe or directly to a main water
supply pipe.

FLOOD LEVEL RIM. The edge of the receptacle from which
water overflows.

FLOOD ZONES

Flood-liazard zone (A Zone). Areas that have been deter-
mined to be prone to flooding but not subject to high- veloc-
ity waters or wave action.

High-tiazard zone (V Zone). Areas of tidal influence that
have been determined to be subject to wave heights in ex-

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBrNG CODE®

11

202

DEFINITIONS

cess of 3 feet (914 mm) or subject to high- velocity wave
run-up or wave-induced erosion.

RESSUME. The pressure in the water supply pipe
near the faucet or water outlet while the faucet or water outlet is
wide open and flowing.

FLUSH TANK. A tank designed with a ball cock and flush
valve to flush the contents of the bowl or usable portion of the
fixture.

FLUSHOMETER TANK. A device integrated within an air
accumulator vessel that is designed to discharge a predeter-
mined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes.

FLUSHOMETER VALVE. A valve attached to a pressurized
water supply pipe and so designed that when activated it opens
the line for direct flow into the fixture at a rate and quantity to
operate the fixture properly, and then gradually closes to reseal
fixture traps and avoid water hammer.

GREASE INTERCEPTOR. A passive interceptor having a
rated flow exceeding 50 gpm (189 L/m) and that is located out-
side the building.

GREASE-LADEN WASTE. Effluent discharge that is pro-
duced from food processing, food preparation or other sources
where grease, fats and oils enter automatic dishwater prerinse
stations, sinks or other appurtenances.

GREASE TRAP, A passive interceptor having a rated flow of
50 gpm (1 89 L/m) or less and that is located inside the building.

while permitting normal sewage or wastes to discharge into the
drainage system by gravity.

LS. See "Supports."

HORIZONTAL BRANCH DRAIN. A drainage branch pipe
extending laterally from a soil or waste stack or building drain,
with or without vertical sections or branches, that receives the
discharge from two or more fixture drains or branches and con-
ducts the discharge to the soil or waste stack or to the building
drain.

HORIZONTAL PIPE. Any pipe or fitting that makes an angle
of less than 45 degrees (0.79 rad) with the horizontal.

HOT WATER, Water at a temperature greater than or equal to
110°F(43°C).

JSE TRAP. See "Building trap."

^ASTE PIPE. A waste pipe that does not con-
nect directly with the drainage system, but that discharges into
the drainage system through an air break or air gap into a trap,
fixture, receptor or interceptor.

INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM, A system
for disposal of domestic sewage by means of a septic tank,cess-
pool or mechanical treatment, designed for utilization apart
from a public sewer to serve a single establishment or building.

INDIVIDUAL VENT. A pipe installed to vent a fixture trap
and connects with the vent system above the fixture served or
terminates in the open air.

INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLY. A water supply that serves
one or more families, and that is not an approved public water
supply.

INTERCEPTOR. A device designed and installed to separate
and retain for removal, by automatic or manual means, delete-
rious, hazardous or undesirable matter from normal wastes.

Expansion. A loop, return bend or return offset that pro-
vides for the expansion and contraction in a piping system
and is utilized in tall buildings or where there is a rapid
change of temperature, as in power plants, steam rooms and
similar occupancies.

Flexible. Any joint between two pipes that permits one pipe
to be deflected or moved without movement or deflection of
the other pipe.

Mechanical. See "Mechanical joint."

Slip. A type of joint made by means of a washer or a special
type of packing compound in which one pipe is slipped into
the end of an adjacent pipe.

LEAD-FREE PIPE AND FITTINGS. Containing not more
than 8.0-percent lead.

LEAD-FREE SOLDER AND FLUX. Containing not more
than 0.2-percent lead.

LEADER. An exterior drainage pipe for conveying storm wa-
ter from roof or gutter drains to an approved means of disposal .

LOCAL VENT STACK. A vertical pipe to which connections
are made from the fixture side of traps and through which vapor
or foul air is removed from the fixture or device utilized on bed-
pan washers.

MACERATING TOILET SYSTEMS. An assembly consist-
ing of a water closet and sump with a macerating pump that is
designed to collect, grind and pump wastes from the water
closet and up to two other fixtures connected to the sump.

MAIN. The principal pipe artery to which branches are con-
nected.

MAIN VENT. The principal artery of the venting system, to
which the vent branches may be connected.

MANIFOLD. See "Plumbing appurtenance."

MECHANICAL JOINT. A connection between pipes, fit-
tings, or pipes and fittings that is not screwed, caulked,
threaded, soldered, solvent cemented, brazed or welded. A
joint in which compression is applied along the centerline of
the pieces being joined. In some appHcations, the joint is part of
a coupling, fitting or adapter.

MEDICAL GAS SYSTEM. The complete system to convey
medical gases for direct patient application from central supply
systems (bulk tanks, manifolds and medical air compressors),
with pressure and operating controls, alarm warning systems, I
related components, and piping networks extending to station I
outlet valves at patient use points.

MEDICAL VACUUM SYSTEMS. A system consisting of
central-vacuum-producing equipment with pressure and oper-
ating controls, shutoff valves, alarm-warning systems, gauges
and a network of piping extending to and terminating with suit-
able station inlets at locations where patient suction may be re-
quired.

NONPOTABLE WATER. Water not safe for drinking, per-
sonal or culinary utilization.

12

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

DEFINITIONS

202

[SANCE. Public nuisance as known in common law or in
equity jurisprudence; whatever is dangerous to human life or
detrimental to health; whatever structure or premises is not suf-
ficiently ventilated, sewered, drained, cleaned or lighted, with
respect to its intended occupancy; and whatever renders the air,
or human food, drink or water supply unwholesome.

OCCUPANCY. The purpose for which a building or portion
thereof is utilized or occupied.

OFFSET. A combination of approved bends that makes two
changes in direction bringing one section of the pipe out of line
but into a line parallel with the other section.

OPEN AIR. Outside the structure.

PLUMBING. The practice, materials and fixtures utilized in
the installation, maintenance, extension and alteration of all
piping, fixtures, plumbing appliances and plumbing appurte-
nances, within or adjacent to any structure, in connection with
sanitary drainage or storm drainage facilities; venting systems;
and public or private water supply systems.

Not included in this definition are installations of chilled wa-
ter piping in connection with refrigeration, process and comfort
cooling; hot water piping in connection with building heating;
and piping for fire protection systems.

IBING APPLIANCE. Any one of a special class of
plumbing fixtures intended to perform a special function. In-
cluded are fixtures having the operation or control dependent
on one or more energized components, such as motors, con-
trols, heating elements, or pressure- or temperature-sensing el-
ements.

Such fixtures are manually adjusted or controlled by the
owner or operator, or are operated automatically through one or
more of the following actions: a time cycle, a temperature
range, a pressure range, a measured volume or weight.

PLUMBING APPURTENANCE. A manufactured device,
prefabricated assembly or an on-the-job assembly of compo-
nent parts that is an adjunct to the basic piping system and
plumbing fixtures. An appurtenance demands no additional
water supply and does not add any discharge load to a fixture or
to the drainage system.

PLUMBING FIXTURE. A receptacle or device that is either
permanently or temporarily connected to the water distribution
system of the premises and demands a supply of water there-
from; discharges wastewater, liquid-borne waste materials or
sewage either directly or indirectly to the drainage system of
the premises; or requires both a water supply connection and a
discharge to the drainage system of the premises.

PLUMBING SYSTEM. Includes the water supply and distri-
bution pipes; plumbing fixtures and traps; water-treating or wa-
ter-using equipment; soil, waste and vent pipes; and sanitary
and storm sewers and building drains, in addition to their re-
spective connections, devices and appurtenances within a
structure or premises.

POLLUTION. An impairment of the quality of the potable
water to a degree that does not create a hazard to the public
health but that does adversely and unreasonably affect the aes-
thetic qualities of such potable water for domestic use.

POTABLE WATER. Water free from impurities present in
amounts sufficient to cause disease or harmful physiological
effects and conforming to the bacteriological and chemical
quality requirements of the Public Health Service Drinking
Water Standards or the regulations of the public health author-
ity having jurisdiction.

PRIVATE. In the classification of plumbing fixtures, "private"
applies to fixtures in residences and apartments, and to fixtures
in nonpublic toilet rooms of hotels and motels and similar in-
stallations in buildings where the plumbing fixtures are in-
tended for utilization by a family or an individual.

PUBLIC OR PUBLIC UTILIZATION. In the classification
of plumbing fixtures, "public" applies to fixtures in general toi-
let rooms of schools, gymnasiums, hotels, airports, bus and
raikoad stations, public buildings, bars, public comfort sta-
tions, office buildings, stadiums, stores, restaurants, and other
installations where a number of fixtures are installed so that
their utilization is similarly unrestricted.

PUBLIC WATER MAIN. A water supply pipe for pubHc uti-
lization controlled by public authority.

QUICK-CLOSING VALVE. A valve or faucet that closes au-
tomatically when released manually or that is controlled by a
mechanical means for fast- action closing.

READY ACCESS. That which enables a fixture, appliance or
equipment to be directly reached without requiring the removal
or movement of any panel, door or similar obstruction and
without the use of a portable ladder, step stool or similar device.

REDUCED PRESSURE PRINCIPLE BACKFLOW
PREVENTER. A backflow prevention device consisting of
two independently acting check valves, internally force-loaded
to a normally closed position and separated by an intermediate
chamber (or zone) in which there is an automatic relief means
of venting to the atmosphere, internally loaded to a normally
open position between two tightly closing shutoff valves and
with a means for testing for tightness of the checks and opening
of the relief means.

REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL. An individual
who is registered or licensed to practice professional architec-
ture or engineering as defined by the statutory requirements of
the professional registration laws of the state or jurisdiction in
which the project is to be constructed.

RELIEF VALVE

Pressure relief valve. A pressure-actuated valve held
closed by a spring or other means and designed to relieve
pressure automatically at the pressure at which such valve is
set.

Temperature and pressure relief (T&P) valve. A combi-
nation relief valve designed to function as both a tempera-
ture relief and a pressure relief valve.

Temperature relief valve. A temperature-actuated valve
designed to discharge automatically at the temperature at
which such valve is set.

RELIEF VENT. A vent whose primary function is to provide
circulation of air between drainage and vent systems.

RIM. An unobstructed open edge of a fixture.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

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202

DEFINITIONS

L See "Water pipe, riser."

iRAIN. A drain installed to receive water collecting
on the surface of a roof and to discharge such water into a leader
or a conductor.

N. Parts of the plumbing system that are installed
prior to the installation of fixtures. This includes drainage, wa-
ter supply, vent piping and the necessary fixture supports and
any fixtures that are built into the structure.

SELF=CLOSING FAUCET, A faucet containing a valve that
automatically closes upon deactivation of the opening means.

L See "Interceptor."

Any liquid waste containing animal or vegetable
matter in suspension or solution, including liquids containing
chemicals in solution.

kSo A device for lifting sewage by en-
training the sewage in a high- velocity jet of steam, air or water.

g sewer. See "Building sewer."

lie seweFo A common sewer directly controlled by pub-
lic authority.

Saraltary sewer. A sewer that carries sewage and excludes
storm, surface and ground water.

Storm sewer. A sewer that conveys rainwater, surface wa-
ter, condensate, cooling water or similar liquid wastes.

SLOPE. The fall (pitch) of a line of pipe in reference to a hori-
zontal plane. In drainage, the slope is expressed as the fall in
units vertical per units horizontal (percent) for a length of pipe.

SOIL PIPE. A pipe that conveys sewage containing fecal mat-
ter to the building drain or building sewer.

SPILLPROOF VACUUM BREAKER. An assembly con-
sisting of one check valve force-loaded closed and an air-inlet
vent valve force-loaded open to atmosphere, positioned down-
stream of the check valve, and located between and including
two tightly closing shutoff valves and a test cock.

STACK. A general term for any vertical line of soil, waste, vent
or inside conductor piping that extends through at least one
story with or without offsets.

STACK VENT. The extension of a soil or waste stack above
the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack.

STACK VENTING. A method of venting a fixture or fixtures
through the soil or waste stack.

S

J. A boiling-type sterilizer is a fixture of a
nonpressure type utilized for boihng instruments, utensils
or other equipment for disinfection. These devices are por-
table or are connected to the plumbing system.

lestrumeint. A device for the sterilization of various instru-
ments.

Pressure (autoclave). A pressure vessel fixture designed to
utilize steam under pressure for sterilizing.

Pressure instrament washer sterilizer. A pressure instru-
ment washer sterilizer is a pressure vessel fixture designed

to both wash and steriUze instruments during the operating
cycle of the fixture.

Utensil. A device for the sterilization of utensils as utilized
in health care services.

Water. A water sterilizer is a device for sterilizing water and
storing sterile water.

STERILIZER VENT. A separate pipe or stack, indirectly
connected to the building drainage system at the lower termi-
nal, that receives the vapors from nonpressure sterilizers, or the
exhaust vapors from pressure sterilizers, and conducts the va-
pors directly to the open air. Also called vapor, steam, atmo-
spheric or exhaust vent.

STORM DRAIN. See "Drainage system, storm."

STRUCTURE. That which is built or constructed or a portion
thereof.

SUBSOIL DRAIN, A drain that collects subsurface water or
seepage water and conveys such water to a place of disposal.

SUMP. A tank or pit that receives sewage or liquid waste, lo-
cated below the normal grade of the gravity system and that
must be emptied by mechanical means.

SUMP PUMP. An automatic water pump powered by an elec-
tric motor for the removal of drainage, except raw sewage, from
a sump, pit or low point.

SUMP VENT. A vent from pneumatic sewage ejectors, or sim-
ilar equipment, that terminates separately to the open air.

SUPPORTS, Devices for supporting and securing pipe, fix-
tures and equipment.

SWIMMING POOL. Any structure, basin, chamber or tank
containing an artificial body of water for swimming, diving or
recreational bathing having a depth of 2 feet (610 mm) or more
at any point.

TEMPERED WATER, Water having a temperature range be-
tween 85°F (29°C) to 110°F (43°C).

THIRD-PARTY CERTIFICATION AGENCY. An ap-
proved agency operating a product or material certification sys-
tem that incorporates initial product testing, assessment and
surveillance of a manufacturer's quality control system.

TfflRD-PARTY CERTIFIED. Certification obtained by the
manufacturer indicating that the function and performance
characteristics of a product or material have been determined
by testing and ongoing surveillance by an approved third-party
certification agency. Assertion of certification is in the form of
identification in accordance with the requirements of the
third-party certification agency.

THIRD-PARTY TESTED. Procedure by which an approved
testing laboratory provides documentation that a product, ma-
terial or system conforms to specified requirements.

TRAP, A fitting or device that provides a liquid seal to prevent
the emission of sewer gases without materially afibcting the
flow of sewage or wastewater through the trap.

TRAP SEAL. The vertical distance between the weir and the
top of the dip of the trap.

14

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

DEFINITIONS

202

•

UNSTABLE GROUND. Earth that does not provide a uni-
form bearing for the barrel of the sewer pipe between the joints
at the bottom of the pipe trench.

VACUUM. Any pressure less than that exerted by the atmo-
sphere.

VACUUM BREAKER. A type of backflow preventer in-
stalled on openings subject to normal atmospheric pressure that
prevents backflow by admitting atmospheric pressure through
ports to the discharge side of the device.

VENT PIPE. See "Vent system."

VENT STACK. A vertical vent pipe installed primarily for the
purpose of providing circulation of air to and from any part of
the drainage system.

VENT SYSTEM. A pipe or pipes installed to provide a flow of
air to or from a drainage system, or to provide a circulation of
air within such system to protect trap seals from siphonage and
backpressure.

VERTICAL PIPE. Any pipe or fitting that makes an angle of
45 degrees (0.79 rad) or more with the horizontal.

WALL-HUNG WATER CLOSET. A wall-mounted water
closet installed in such a way that the fixture does not touch the
floor.

WASTE. The discharge from any fixture, appliance, area or ap-
purtenance that does not contain fecal matter.

WASTE PIPE. A pipe that conveys only waste.

WATER-HAMMER ARRESTOR. A device utilized to ab-
sorb the pressure surge (water hammer) that occurs when water
flow is suddenly stopped in a water supply system.

WATER HEATER. Any heating appliance or equipment that
heats potable water and supplies such water to the potable hot
water distribution system.

WATER MAIN. A water supply pipe or system of pipes, in-
stalled and maintained by a city, township, county, public util-
ity company or other public entity; on public property, in the
street or in an approved dedicated easement of public or com-
munity use.

WATER OUTLET. A discharge opening through which water
is supplied to a fixture, into the atmosphere (except into an open
tank that is part of the water supply system), to a boiler or heat-
ing system, or to any devices or equipment requiring water to
operate but which are not part of the plumbing system.

WATER PIPE

Riser. A water supply pipe that extends one full story or
more to convey water to branches or to a group of fixtures .

Water distribution pipe. A pipe within the structure or on
the premises that conveys water from the water service pipe,
or from the meter when the meter is at the structure, to the
points of utilization.

Water service pipe. The pipe from the water main or other
source of potable water supply, or from the meter when the
meter is at the public right of way, to the water distribution
system of the building served.

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM. The water service pipe, water
distribution pipes, and the necessary connecting pipes, fittings,

control valves and all appurtenances in or adjacent to the struc-
ture or premises.

WELL

Bored. A well constructed by boring a hole in the ground
with an auger and installing a casing.

Drilled. A well constructed by making a hole in the ground
with a drilling machine of any type and installing casing and
screen.

Driven. A well constructed by driving a pipe in the ground.
The drive pipe is usually fitted with a well point and screen.

Dug. A well constructed by excavating a large-diameter
shaft and installing a casing.

WHIRLPOOL BATHTUB. A plumbing appliance consist-
ing of a bathtub fixture that is equipped and fitted with a circu-
lating piping system designed to accept, circulate and
discharge bathtub water upon each use.

YOKE VENT. A pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste
stack to a verit stack for the purpose of preventing pressure
changes in the stacks.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

15

1 6 2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

CHAPTER 3

GENERAL REGULATIONS

SECTION 301
GENERAL

301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
general regulations regarding the installation of plumbing not
specific to other chapters.

301.2 System installation. Plumbing shall be installed with
due regard to preservation of the strength of structural members
and prevention of darhage to walls and other surfaces through
fixture usage.

301.3 Connections to drainage system. All plumbing fix-
tures, drains, appurtenances and appliances used to receive or
discharge liquid wastes or sewage shall be directly connected to
the drainage system of the building or premises, in accordance
with the requirements of this code. This section shall not be
construed to prevent the indirect waste systems required by
Chapter 8.

301.4 Connections to water supply. Every plumbing fixture,
device or appliance requiring or using water for its proper oper-
ation shall be directly or indirectly connected to the water sup-
ply system in accordance with the provisions of this code.

301.5 Pipe, tube and fitting sizes. Unless otherwise specified,
the pipe, tube and fitting sizes specified in this code are ex-
pressed in nominal or standard sizes as designated in the refer-
enced material standards.

301.6 Prohibited locations. Plumbing systems shall not be lo-
cated in an elevator shaft or in an elevator equipment room.

Exception: Floor drains, sumps and sump pumps shall be
permitted at the base of the shaft provided they are indirectly
connected to the plumbing system.

SECTION 302

EXCLUSION OF MATERIALS DETRIMENTAL

TO THE SEWER SYSTEM

302.1 Detrimental or dangerous materials. Ashes, cinders or
rags; flammable, poisonous or explosive liquids or gases; oil,
grease or any other insoluble material capable of obstructing,
damaging or overloading the building drainage or sewer sys-
tem, or capable of interfering with the normal operation of the
sewage treatment processes, shall not be deposited, by any
means, into such systems.

302.2 Industrial wastes. Waste products from manufacturing
or industrial operations shall not be introduced into the public
sewer until it has been determined by the code official or other
authority having jurisdiction that the introduction thereof will
not damage the public sewer system or interfere with the func-
tioning of the sewage treatment plant.

SECTION 303
MATERIALS

303.1 Identification. Each length of pipe and each pipe fitting,
trap, fixture, material and device utilized in a plumbing system
shall bear the identification of the manufacturer.

303.2 Installation of materials. AH materials used shall be in-
stalled in strict accordance with the standards under which the ma-
terials are accepted and approved. In the absence of such installation
procedures, the manufacturer's installation instmctions shall be fol-
lowed. Where the requirement of referenced standards or manufac-
turer's installation instructions do not conform to minimum
provisions of this code, the provisions of this code shall apply.

303.3 Plastic pipe, fittings and components. All plastic pipe,
fittings and components shall be third-party certified as con-
forming to NSF 14.

303.4 Third-party testing and certification. All plumbing
products and materials shall comply with the referenced stan-
dards, specifications and performance criteria of this code and
shall be identified in accordance with Section 303.1. When re-
quired by Table 303.4, plumbing products and materials shall
either be tested by an approved third-party testing agency or
certified by an approved third-party certification agency.

SECTION 304
RODENTPROOFING

304.1 General. Plumbing systems shall be designed and in-
stalled in accordance with Sections 304.2 through 304.4 to pre-
vent rodents from entering structures.

304.2 Strainer plates. All strainer plates on drain inlets shall
be designed and installed so that all openings are not greater
than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) in least dimension.

304.3 Meter boxes. Meter boxes shall be constructed in such a
manner that rodents are prevented from entering a structure by
way of the water service pipes connecting the meter box and the
structure.

304.4 Openings for pipes. In or on structures where openings
have been made in walls, floors or ceilings for the passage of
pipes, such openings shall be closed and protected by the in-
stallation of approved metal collars that are securely fastened to
the adjoining structure.

SECTION 305

PROTECTION OF PIPES AND

PLUMBING SYSTEM COMPONENTS

305.1 Corrosion. Pipes passing through concrete or cinder
walls and floors or other corrosive material shall be protected
agairist external corrosion by a protective sheathing or wrap-
ping or other means that will withstand any reaction from the

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

17

TABLE 303.4 - 306.2.2

GENERAL REGULATIONS

TABLE 303.4
PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS REQUIRING THIRD-PARTY TESTING AND THIRD-PARTY CERTIFICATION

PRODUCT OR MATERIAL

THIRD-PARTY CERTIFIED

THIRD-PARTY TESTED

Potable water supply system components and potable
water fixture fittings

Required

—

Sanitary drainage and vent system components

Plastic pipe, fittings and pipe-related components

All others

Waste fixture fittings

Plastic pipe, fittings and pipe-related components

All otiiers

Storm drainage system components

Plastic pipe, fittings and pipe-related components

All others

Plumbing fixtures

Required

Plumbing appliances

Required

Backflow prevention devices

Required

Water distribution system safety devices

Required

Special waste system components

Required

Subsoil drainage system components

—

Required

lime and acid of concrete, cinder or other corrosive material.
Sheathing or wrapping shall allow for expansion and contrac-
tion of piping to prevent any rubbing action. Minimum wall
thickness of material shall be 0.025 inch (0.64 mm).

305.2 Breakage. Pipes passing through or under walls shall be
protected from breakage.

305.3 Stress and strain. Piping in a plumbing system shall be
installed so as to prevent strains and stresses that exceed the
structural strength of the pipe. Where necessary, provisions
shall be made to protect piping from damage resulting from ex-
pansion, contraction and structural settlement.

305.4 Sleeves. Annular spaces between sleeves and pipes shall
be filled or tightly caulked in an approved manner. Annular
spaces between sleeves and pipes in fire-resistance-rated as-
semblies shall be filled or tightly caulked in accordance with
the International Building Code.

305.5 Pipes through or eeder footings or foundation walls.
Any pipe that passes under a footing or through a foundation
wall shall be provided with a reheving arch, or a pipe sleeve
pipe shall be built into the foundation wall. The sleeve shall be
two pipe sizes greater than the pipe passing through the wall.

305.6 Freezing. Water, soil and waste pipes shall not be in-
stalled outside of a building, in attics or crawl spaces, con-
cealed in outside walls, or in any other place subjected to
freezing temperature unless adequate provision is made to pro-
tect such pipes from freezing by insulation or heat or both. Ex-
terior water supply system piping shall be installed not less
than 6 inches (152 mm) below the frost Une and not less than 12
inches (305 mm) below grade.

305.6.1 Sewer depth. Building sewers that connect to pri-
vate sewage disposal systems shall be a minimum of
[NUMBER] inches (mm) below finished grade at the point of
septic tank connection. Building sewers shall be a minimum
of [NUMBER] inches (mm) below grade.

305.7 Waterproofing of openings. Joints at the roof and
around vent pipes, shall be made water tight by the use of lead,
copper, galvanized steel, aluminum, plastic or other approved
flashings or flashing material. Exterior wall openings shall be
made water tight.

305.8 Protection against physical damage. In concealed lo-
cations where piping, other than cast-iron or galvanized steel, is
installed through holes or notches in studs, joists, rafters or sim-
ilar members less than 1.5 inches (38 mm) from the nearest
edge of the member, the pipe shall be protected by shield plates.
Protective shield plates shall be a minimum of 0.062-inch- thick
(1 .6 mm) steel, shall cover the area of the pipe where the mem-
ber is notched or bored, and shall extend a minimum of 2 inches
(51 mm) above sole plates and below top plates.

305.9 Protection of components of plumbing system. Com-
ponents of a plumbing system installed along alleyways, drive-
ways, parking garages or other locations exposed to damage
shall be recessed into the wall or otherwise protected in an ap-
proved manner.

SECTION 306
TRENCHING, EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL

306.1 Support of piping. Buried piping shall be supported
throughout its entire length.

306.2 Trenching and bedding. Where trenches are excavated
such that the bottom of the trench forms the bed for the pipe,
solid and continuous load-bearing support shall be provided
between joints. Bell holes, hub holes and coupling holes shall
be provided at points where the pipe is joined. Such pipe shall
not be supported on blocks to grade. In instances where the ma-
terials manufacturer's installation instructions are more restric-
tive than those prescribed by the code, the material shall be
installed in accordance with the more restrictive requirement.

306.2.1 Overexcavation. Where trenches are excavated be-
low the installation level of the pipe such that the bottom of
the trench does not forrn the bed for the pipe, the trench shall
be backfilled to the installation level of the bottom of the
pipe with sand or fine gravel placed in layers of 6 inches
(152 mm) maximum depth and such backfill shall be com-
pacted after each placement.

306.2.2 Rock removal. Where rock is encountered in
trenching, the rock shall be removed to a minimum of 3
inches (76 mm) below the installation level of the bottom of
the pipe, and the trench shall be backfilled to the installation
level of the bottom of the pipe with sand tamped in place so

18

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

GENERAL REGULATIONS

306.2.3 - 308.6

as to provide uniform load-beariitlg support for the pipe be-
tween joints. The pipe, including the joints, shall not rest on
rock at any point.

306.23 Soft load-bearing materials. If soft materials of
poor load-bearing quality are found at the bottom of the
trench, stabilization shall be achibved by overexcavating a
minimum of two pipe diameters and backfilling to the in-
stallation level of the bottom of the pipe with fine gravel,
crushed stone or a concrete founciation. The concrete foun-
dation shall be bedded with sand tamped into place so as to
provide uniform load-bearing support for the pipe between
joints.

306.3 Backfilling. Loose earth free from rocks, broken con-
crete, frozen chunks and other rubble shall be placed in the
trench in 6-inch (152 mm) layers and tamped in place until the
crown of the pipe is covered by 12 inches (305 mm) of tamped
earth. The backfill under and besiide the pipe shall be com-
pacted for pipe support. Backfill shall be brought up evenly on
both sides of the pipe so that the pipe remains aligned. In in-
stances where the manufacturer's installation instructions for
materials are more restrictive than those prescribed by the code,
the material shall be installed in accordance with the more re-
strictive requirement.

.4 Ikiieeliing. Where pipe is tc^ be installed by tunneling,
jacking or a combination of both, the pipe shall be protected
from damage during installation and from subsequent uneven
loading. Where earth tunnels are used, adequate supporting
structures shall be provided to prevent future settling or caving.

SECTION 307
STRUCTURAL SAFETY

307.1 General. In the process of installing or repairing any part
of a plumbing and drainage installation, the finished floors,
walls, ceilings, tile work or any other part of the building or pre-
mises that must be changed or replaced shall be left in a safe
structural condition in accordance with the requirements of the
International Building Code.

307.2 Cutting, notching or bored holes. A framing member
shall not be cut, notched or bored in excess of limitations speci-
fied in the International Building Code.

307.3 Penetrations of floor/ceiliiig assemblies and fire-
resistance-rated assemblies. Penetrations of floor/ceiling as-
semblies and assemblies required to have a fire-resistance
rating shall be protected in accordance with the International
Building Code.

307.4 Trench location. Trenches installed parallel to footings
shall not extend below the 45-degrbe (0.79 rad) bearing plane
of the footing or wall.

SECTION 308
PIPING SUPPORT

308.1 General. All plumbing piping shall be supported in ac-
cordance with this section.

308.2 Piping seismic supports. Where earthquake loads are
applicable in accordance with the building code, plumbing pip-

ing supports shall be designed and installed for the seismic
forces in accordance with the International Building Code.

308.3 Materials. Hangers, anchors and supports shall support
the piping and the contents of the piping. Hangers and strap-
ping material shall be of approved material that will not pro-
mote galvanic action.

308.4' Structural attachment. Hangers and anchors shall be
attached to the building construction in an approved manner.

308.5 Interval of support. Pipe shall be supported in accor-
dance with Table 308.5.

Exception: The interval of support for piping systems de-
signed to provide for expansion/contraction shall conform
to the engineered design in accordance with Section 105.4.

TABLE 308.5
HANGER SPACING

PIPING MATERIAL

MAXIMUM

HORIZONTAL

SPACING

(feet)

MAXIMUM

VERTICAL

SPACING

(feet)

ABS pipe

4

lO''

Aluminum tubing

10

15

Brass pipe

10

10

Cast-iron pipe

5"

15

Copper or copper-alloy pipe

12

10

Copper or copper-alloy tubing,
iV^-inch diameter and smaller

6

10

Copper or copper-alloy tubing,
1 V^-inch diameter and larger

10

10

Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX)
pipe

2.67
(32 inches)

10"^

Cross-linked polyethylene/
aliiminum/cross-linked
polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX)

pipe

2^/3
(32 inches)

4

CPVC pipe or tubing, 1 inch
or smaller

3

lO^*

CPVC pipe or tubing, 1 V4 inches
or larger

4

lO^

Steel pipe

12

15

Lead pipe

Continuous

4

PB pipe or tubing

2.67
(32 inches)

4

Polyethylene/aluminum/

polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) pipe

2.67
(32 inches)

4

PVCpipe

4

10''

Stainless steel drainage systems

10

10"

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. The maximum horizontal spacing of cast-iron pipe hangers shall be in-
creased to 10 feet where 10-foot lengths of pipe are installed.

b. Midstory guide for sizes 2 inches and smaller.

1
308.6 Sway bracing. Rigid support sway bracing shall be pro-
vided at changes in direction greater than 45 degrees (0.79 rad)
for pipe sizes 4 inches (102 mm) and larger.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

19

308.7-312.2

GENERAL REGULATDONS

308.7 Amcliorage. Anchorage shall be provided to restrain
drainage piping from axial movement.

308.7.1 Location. For pipe sizes greater than 4 inches (102
mm), restraints shall be provided for drain pipes at all
changes in direction and at all changes in diameter greater
than two pipe sizes. Braces, blocks, rodding and other suit-
able methods as specified by the coupling manufacturer
shall be utilized.

308.8 Expaesiom joint fittings. Expansion joint fittings shall
be used only where necessary to provide for expansion and
contraction of the pipes. Expansion joint fittings shall be of the
typical material suitable for use with the type of piping in
which such fittings are installed.

308.9 Stacks. Bases of stacks shall be supported by concrete,
brick laid in cement mortar or metal brackets attached to the
building or by other approved methods.

308.10 Parallel water distribution systems. Piping bundles
for manifold systems shall be supported in accordance with Ta-
ble 308.5. Support at changes in direction shall be in accor-
dance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. Hot
and cold water piping shall not be grouped in the same bundle.

SECTION 309
FLOODPROOFIiMG

309.1 General. Plumbing systems and equipment in structures
erected in areas prone to flooding shall be constructed in accor-
dance with the requirements of this section and the Interna-
tional Building Code.

309.1.1 Base flood elevation. The base flood elevation shall
be used to define areas prone to flooding and shall be estab-
lished in accordance with the International Building Code.

309.1.2 Flood-hazard zones. Areas which have been deter-
mined to be prone to flooding shall be classified as either
flood-hazard zones (A Zones) or high-hazard zones (V
Zones) in accordance with the International Building Code.

309.2 Flood hazard. The following systems and equipment lo-
cated in a flood-hazard zone (A Zone) or a high-hazard zone (V
Zone) shall be capable of resisting hydrostatic and hydrody-
namic loads and stresses, including the effects of buoyancy,
during the occurrence of flooding to the base flood elevation:

1. All water service pipes.

2. Pump seals in individual water supply systems where the
pump is located below the base flood elevation.

3. Covers on potable water wells shall be sealed, except
where the top of the casing well or pipe sleeve is elevated
to at least 1 foot (304.8 mm) above the base flood eleva-
tion.

4. All sanitary drainage piping.

5. All storm drainage piping.

6. Manhole covers shall be sealed, except where elevated to
or above the base flood elevation.

7. All other plumbing piping systems and equipment.

SECTION 310
WASHROOM AND TOILET ROOM REQUIREMENTS

310.1 Light and ventilation. Washrooms and toilet rooms
shall be illuminated and ventilated in accordance with tJie
International Building Code and International Mechanical
Code.

310.2 Location of fixtures and piping. Piping, fixtures or
equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to interfere
with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of
egress openings.

310.3 Interior finish. Interior finish surfaces of toilet rooms
shall comply with the International Building Code.

310.4 Water closet compartment. Each water closet utiUzed
by the public or employees shall occupy a separate compart-
ment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures
to ensure privacy.

Exceptions:

1 . Water closet compartments shall not be required in a
single-occupant toilet room with a lockable door.

2. Toilet rooms located in day care and child-care facili-
ties and containing two or more water closets shall be
permitted to have one water closet without an enclos-
ing compartment.

SECTION 311
TOILET FACILITIES FOR WORKERS

311.1 General. Toilet facilities shall be provided for construc-
tion workers and such facilities shall be maintained in a sani-
tary condition. Construction worker toilet facilities of the
nonsewer type shall conform to ANSI Z4.3.

SECTION 312
TESTS AND INSPECTIONS

312.1 Required tests. The permit holder shall make the appli-
cable tests prescribed in Sections 312.2 through 312.9 to deter-
mine compliance with the provisions of this code. The permit
holder shall give reasonable advance notice to the code official
when the plumbing work is ready for tests. The equipment, ma-
terial, power and labor necessary for the inspection and test
shall be furnished by the permit holder and the permit holder
shall be responsible for determining that the work will with-
stand the test pressure prescribed in the following tests. All
plumbing system piping shall be tested with either water or air.
After the plumbing fixtures have been set and their traps filled
with water, the entire drainage system shall be submitted to fi-
nal tests. The code official shall require the removal of any
cleanouts if necessary to ascertain if the pressure has reached
all parts of the system.

312.2 Drainage and vent water test. A water test shall be ap-
plied to the drainage system either in its entirety or in sections.
If applied to the entire system, all openings in the piping shall
be tightly closed, except the highest opening, and the system
shall be filled with water to point of overflow. If the system is
tested in sections, each opening shall be tightly plugged except
the highest openings of the section under test, and each section

20

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

GENERAL REGULATIONS

312.3-314.2.2

shall be filled with water, but no section shall be tested with less
than a 10-foot (3048 mm) head of water. In testing successive
sections, at least the upper 10 feet (3048 mm) of the next pre-
ceding section shall be tested so that no joint or pipe in the
building, except the uppermost 10 feet (3048 mm) of the sys-
tem, shall have been submitted to a test of less than a 10-foot
(3048 mm) head of water. The water shall be kept in the system,
or in the portion under test, for at least 15 minutes before in-
spection starts. The system shall then be tight at all points.

3123 Drainage and vent air test. An air test shall be made by
forcing air into the system until there is a uniform gauge pres-
sure of 5 pounds per square inch (psi) (34.5 kPa) or sufficient to
balance a 10-inch (254 nun) column lof mercury. This pressure
shall be held for a test period of at least 15 minutes. Any adjust-
ments to the test pressure required because of changes in ambi-
ent temperature or the seating of gaskets shall be made prior to
the beginning of the test period.

312.4 Drainage and vent final test. The final test of the com-
pleted drainage and vent system shall be visual and in sufficient
detail to determine compliance with the provisions of this code
except that the plumbing shall be subjected to a smoke test
where necessary for cause. Where the smoke test is utilized, it
shall be made by filling all traps with water and then introduc-
ing into the entire system a pungent, thick smoke produced by
one or more smoke machines. When the smoke appears at stack
openings on the roof, the stack openings shall be closed and a
pressure equivalent to a 1-inch water column (248.8 Pa) shall
be maintained for 15 minutes before inspection starts.

312.5 Water supply system test. Upon completion of a section
of or the entire water supply system, the system, or portion
completed, shall be tested and proved tight under a water pres-
sure not less than the working pressure of the system; or, for
piping systems other than plastic, by an air test of not less than
50 psi (344 kPa). The water utilized for tests shall be obtained
from a potable source of supply. The required tests shall be per-
formed in accordance with this section and Section 107.

312.6 Gravity sewer test. Gravity sewer tests shall consist of
plugging the end of the building sewer at the point of connec-
tion with the public sewer, filling the building sewer with water,
testing with not less than a 10-foot (3048 mm) head of water
and maintaining such pressure for 15 minutes.

312.7 Forced sewer test. Forced sewer tests shall consist of
plugging the end of the building sewer at the point of connec-
tion with the pubUc sewer and applying a pressure of 5 psi (34.5
kPa) greater than the pump rating, and maintaining such pres-
sure for 15 minutes.

312.8 Storm drainage system test. Storm drain systems
within a building shall be tested by water or air in accordance
with Section 312.2 or 312.3.

312.9 Inspection and testing of backflow prevention assem-
blies. Inspection and testing shall comply with Sections
312.9.1 and 312.9.2.

312.9.1 Inspections. Annual inspections shall be made of
all backflow prevention assembHes and air gaps to deter-
mine whether they are operable!

312.9.2 Testing. Reduced pressure principle backflow
preventer assemblies, double check-valve assemblies, dour

ble-detector check-valve assemblies and pressure vacuum
breaker assemblies shall be tested at the time of installation,
immediately after repairs or relocation and at least annually.
The testing procedure shall be performed in accordance
with one of the following standards:

ASSE 5010-1013-1,
ASSE 5010-1015-1,
ASSE 5010-1015-2
ASSE 5010-1015-3,
ASSE 5010-1015-4,
ASSE 5010-1020-1,
ASSE 5010-1047-1,
ASSE 5010-1048-1,
ASSE 5010-1048-2
ASSE 5010-1048-3,
ASSE 5010-1048-4,
CAN/CSAB64.10

Sections 1 and 2
Sections 1 and 2

Sections 1 and 2
Sections 1 and 2
Sections 1 and 2
Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4
Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4

Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4
Sections 1 , 2, 3 and 4

SECTION 313
EQUIPMENT EFFICIENCIES

313.1 General. Equipment efficiencies shall be in accordance
with the International Energy Conservation Code.

SECTION 314
CONDENSATE DISPOSAL

314.1 Fuel-burning appliances. Liquid combustion by-
products of condensing appliances shall be collected and dis-
charged to an approved plumbing fixture or disposal area in
accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Condensate piping shall be of approved corrosion-resistant
material and shall not be smaller than the drain connection on
the appliance. Such piping shall maintain a minimum horizon-
tal slope in the direction of discharge of not less than one-eighth
unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1 -percent slope).

314.2 Evaporators and cooling coils. Condensate drain sys-
tems shall be provided for equipment and appliances contain-
ing evaporators or cooling coils. Condensate drain systems
shall be designed, constructed and installed in accordance with
Sections 314.2.1 through 314.2.3.

314.2.1 Condensate disposal. Condensate from all cooling
coils and evaporators shall be conveyed fi-om the drain pan
outlet to an approved place of disposal. Condensate shall not
discharge into a street, alley or other areas so as to cause a
nuisance.

314.2.2 Drain pipe materials and sizes. Components of
the condensate disposal system shall be cast iron, galva-
nized steel, copper, polybutylene, polyethylene, ABS,
CPVC, or PVC pipe or tubing. All components shall be se-
lected for the pressure and temperature rating of the installa-
tion. Condensate waste and drain line size shall not be less
than ^/4-inch (19 mm) internal diameter and shall not de-
crease in size from the drain pan connection to the place of
condensate disposal. Where the drain pipes from more than
one unit are manifolded together for condensate drainage,
the pipe or tubing shall be sized in accordance with an ap-

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

21

314.2.3-314.2.4

GENERAL REGULATDONS

proved method. All horizontal sections of drain piping shall
be installed in uniform alignment at a uniform slope.

314.23 Anixiliary ami secomdlary dram systems. In addi-
tion to the requirements of Section 314.2.1, a secondary
drain or auxiliary drain pan shall be required for each cool-
ing or evaporator coil where damage to any building compo-
nents will occur as a result of overflow from the equipment
drain pan or stoppage in the condensate drain piping. One of
the following methods shall be used:

1. An auxiliary drain pan with a separate drain shall be
provided under the coils on which condensation will
occur. The auxiliary pan drain shall discharge to a
conspicuous point of disposal to alert occupants in the
event of a stoppage of the primary drain. The pan shall
have a minimum depth of 1.5 inches (38 nmn), shall
not be less than 3 inches (76 mm) larger than the unit
or the coil dimensions in width and length and shall be
constructed of corrosion-resistant material. Metallic
pans shall have a minimum thickness of not less than
0.0276-inch (0.7 mm) galvanized sheet metal. Non-
metallic pans shall have a minimum thickness of not
less than 0.0625 inch (1.6 mm).

2. A separate overflow drain line shall be connected to
the drain pan provided with the equipment. Such
overflow drain shall discharge to a conspicuous point
of disposal to alert occupants in the event of a stop-
page of the primary drain. The overflow drain line
shall connect to the drain pan at a higher level than the
primary drain connection.

3. An auxiliary drain pan without a separate drain line
shall be provided under the coils on which condensate
will occur. Such pan shall be equipped with a water
level detection device that will shut off the equipment
served prior to overflow of the pan. The auxiliary
drain pan shall be constructed in accordance with
Item 1 of this section.

c=>

L2A Traps. Condensate drains shall be trapped as re-
quired by the equipment or appliance manufacturer.

22

2000 INTERNATDONAL PLUMBING CODE®

CHAPTER 4

FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

SECTION 401
GENERAL

L.l Scope. This chapter shall govern the materials, design
and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture fit-
tings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall pro-
vide for the minimum number of fixtures for various types of
occupancies.

401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections. Water closets
having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or having
walls that are not thoroughly washed at each discharge in accor-
dance with ASME Al 12. 19.2 shall be prohibited. Any water
closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back
into the tank shall be prohibited. Trough urinals shall be prohib-
ited.

1,3 Water conservation. The maximum water flow rates
and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings shall
comply with Section 604.4.

SECTION 402
FIXTURE MATERIALS

402.1 Quality of fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall be con-
structed of approved materials, with smooth, impervious sur-
faces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and
shall conform to standards cited in this code. All porcelain
enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.

402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures. Materials for specialty
fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of stainless
steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be
lined with lead, copper-base alloy, nickel-copper alloy, corro-
sion-resistant steel or other material especially suited to the ap-
plication for which the fixture is intended.

402.3 Sheet copper. Sheet copper for general applications
shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less thanl2
ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m^).

402.4 Sheet lead. Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than
4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m^) coated with an asphalt
paint or other approved coating.

SECTION 403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES

403.1 Minimum number of fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall
be provided for the type of occupancy and in the minimum
number shown in Table 403. 1 . Types of occupancies not shown
in Table 403. 1 shall be considered individually by the code offi-
cial. The number of occupants shall be determined by the Inter-
national Building Code. Occupancy classification shall be
determined in accordance with the International Building
Code.

TABLE 403.1

MINIMUM NUMBER OF PLUMBING FACILITIES^

(see Sections 403.2 and 403.3)

WATER CLOSETS
(Urinals, see
Section 419.2)

LAVATORIES

BATHTUBS/
SHOWERS

DRINKING

FOUNTAINS

(see Section

410.1)

OTHERS

OCCUPANCY

lUlale

Female

A
S
S
E
M
B
L
Y

Nightclubs

1 per 40

1 per 40

1 per 75

1 per 500

1 service sink

Restaurants

1 per 75

1 per 75

1 per 200

1 per 500

1 service sink

Theaters, halls, museums, etc.

1 per 125

1 per 65

1 per 200

1 per 500

1 service sink

Coliseums, arenas (less than
3,000 seats)

1 per 75

1 per 40

1 per 150

—

1 per 1,000

1 service sink

Coliseums, arenas (3,000 seats
or greater)

1 per 120

1 per 60

Male
1 per 200

Female
1 per 150

—

1 per 1,000

1 service sink

Churches''

1 per 150

1 per 75

1 per 200

1 per 1,000

1 service sink

Stadiums (less than 3,000 seats),
pools, etc.

1 per 100

1 per 50

1 per 150

^

1 per 1,000

1 service sink

Stadiums (3,000 seats or greater)

1 per 150

1 per 75

Male
1 per 200
Female
1 per 150

—

1 per 1,000

1 service sink

(Continued)

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

23

TABLE 403.1

FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

TABLE 403.1— continued

MINIMUM NUMBER OF PLUMBING FACILITIES^

(see Sections 403.2 and 403.3)

WATER CLOSETS
(Urinals, see
Section 419.2)

LAVATORIES

BATHTUBS/
SHOWERS

DRINKING

FOUNTAINS

(see Section

410.1)

OTHERS

OCCUPANCY

iVIale

Female

Business (see Sections 403.2,
403.4 and 403.5)

1 per 50

1 per 80

—

1 per 100

1 service sink

Educational

I per 50

1 per 50

—

1 per 100

1 service sink

Factory and industrial

1 per 100

1 per 100

(see Section 411)

1 per 400

1 service sink

Passenger terminals and
transportation facilities

1 per 500

1 per 750

—

1 per 1,000

1 service sink

I

N
S
T
I
T
U
T
I

N
A
L

Residential care

1 per 10

1 per 10

Iper8

1 per 100

1 service sink

Hospitals, ambulatory nursing
home patients'^

I per room''

1 per room''

1 per 15

1 per 100

1 service sink per
floor

Day nurseries, sanitariums,
nonambulatory nursing home
patients, etc.'^

1 per 15

1 per 15

1 per 15«

1 per 100

1 service sink

Employees, other than residential
care'^

1 per 25

1 per 35

—

1 per 100

—

Visitors, other than residential
care

1 per 75

1 per 100

—

1 per 500

—

Prisons'^

1 per cell

1 per cell

1 per 15

1 per 100

1 service sink

Asylums, reformatories, etc.c

1 per 15

1 per 15

1 per 15

1 per 100

1 service sink

Mercantile (see Sections 403.2,
403.5 and 403.6)

1 per 500

1 per 750

—

1 per 1,000

1 service sink

R
E
S
I

D
E
N
T
I

A
L

Hotels, motels

1 per guestroom

1 per
guestroom

1 per guestroom

—

1 service sink

Lodges

1 per 10

1 per 10

1 per 8

1 per 100

1 service sink

Multiple family

1 per dwelling unit

1 per dwelling
unit

1 per dwelling unit

—

1 kitchen sink per

dwelhng unit;

1 automatic clothes

washer connection

per 20 dwelling units

Dormitories

1 per 10

1 per 10

IperS

1 per 100

1 service sink

One- and two-family dwelhngs

1 per dwelling unit

1 per dwelling
unit

1 per dwelling unit

—

1 kitchen sink per

dwelling unit;
1 automatic clothes
washer connection

per dwelling unit^

Storage (see Sections 403.2 and
403.4)

1 per 100

1 per 100

(see Section 411)

1 per 1,000

1 service sink

a. The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated or any fraction of the number of persons indicated.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the International Building Code.

b. Fixtures located in adjacent buildings under the ownership or control of the church shall be made available during periods the church is occupied.

c. Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or patients.

d. A single-occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory serving not more than two adjacent patient rooms shall be permitted where such room is
provided with direct access from each patient room and with provisions for privacy.

e. For day nurseries, a maximum of one bathtub shall be required.

f For attached one- and two-family dwellings, one automatic clothes washer connection shall be required per 20 dwelling units.

24

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

403.1.1-405.3.1

#

403.1.1 Unisex toilet and bath fixtures. Fixtures located
within unisex toilet and bathing rooms complying with Sec-
tion 404 are permitted to be included in determining the
minimum required number of fixtures for assembly and
mercantile occupancies.

403.2 Separate facilities. Where plumbing fixtures are re-
quired, separate facilities shall be provided for each sex.

Exceptions:

II . Separate facilities shall not be required for private fa-
cilities.

2. Separate employee facilities shall not be required in
occupancies in which 15 or less people are employed.

3 . Separate facilities shall not be required in structures or
tenant spaces with a total occupant load, including

# both employees and customers, of 15 or less.

403.3 Number of occupants of each sex. The required water
closets, lavatories, and showers or bathtubs shall be distributed
equally between the sexes based on the percentage of each sex
anticipated in the occupant load. The occupant load shall be
composed of 50 percent of each sex, unless statistical data ap-
proved by the code official indicate a different distribution of
the sexes.

403.4 Location of employee toilet facilities in occupancies
other than assembly or mercantile. Access to toilet facilities
in occupancies other than mercantile and assembly occupan-
cies shall be from within the employees' working area. Em-

ployee facilities shall be either separate facilities or combined

1 employee and public facilities.

Exception: Facilities that are required for employees in
storage structures or kiosks, and are located in adjacent
structures under the same ownership, lease or control, shall
be a maximum travel distance of 500 feet (152 m) from the
ii^ employees' working area.

403.4.1 Travel distance. The required toilet facilities in oc-
cupancies other than assembly or mercantile shall be located
not more than one story above or below the employee's
working area and the path of travel to such facilities shall not
exceed a distance of 500 feet (152 m).

Exception: The location and maximum travel distances to
required employee toilet faciUties in factory and industrial
occupancies are permitted to exceed that required in Sec-
tion 403.4.1, provided the location and maximum travel
distance are approved by the code official.

403.5 Location of employee toilet facilities in mercantile
and assembly occupancies. Employees shall be provided with
toilet facilities in building and tenant spaces utilized as restau-
rants, nightclubs, places of public assembly and mercantile oc-
cupancies. Employee facilities shall be either separate facilities
or combined employee and public facilities. The required toilet
facilities shall be located not more than one story above or be-
low the employees' work area and the path of travel to such fa-
cilities, in other than covered malls, shall not exceed a distance

of 500 feet (152 m). The path of travel to required facilities in
covered malls shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 440
mm).

Exception: Employee toilet facilities shall not be required
in tenant spaces where the travel distance from the main en-
trance of the tenant space to a central toilet area does not ex-
ceed 300 feet (91 440 mm) and such central toilet facilities
are located not more than one story above or below the ten-
ant space.

403.6 Public facilities. Customers, patrons and visitors shall
be provided with pubhc toilet facilities in structures and tenant
spaces intended for public utilization. Public toilet facilities
shall be located not more than one story above or below the
space required to be provided with public toilet facilities and
the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of
500 feet (152 m).

403.6.1 Covered malls. In covered mall buildings, the path
of travel to required toilet facilities shall not exceed a dis-
tance of 300 feet (91 440 mm). The required facilities shall
be based on total square footage, and facilities shall be in-
stalled in each individual store or in a central toilet area lo-
cated in accordance with this section. The maximum travel
distance to the central toilet facilities in covered mall build-
ings shall be measured from the main entrance of any store
or tenant space.

403.6.2 Pay facilities. Required facilities shall be free of
charge and designated by legible signs for each sex. Where
pay faciUties are installed, such facilities shall be in excess
of the required minimum facilities.

SECTION 404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES

404.1 Where required. Accessible plumbing facilities and fix-
tures shall be provided in accordance with the International
Building Code.

SECTION 405
INSTALLATION OF FIXTURES

405.1 Water supply protection. The supply lines and fittings
for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to prevent
backflow.

405.2 Access for cleaning. Plumbing fixtures shall be installed
so as to afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture and the
area around the fixture.

405.3 Setting. Fixtures shall be set level and in proper align-
ment with reference to adjacent walls.

405.3.1 Water closets, lavatories and bidets. A water
closet, lavatory or bidet shall not be set closer than 1 5 inches
(381 mm) from its center to any side wall, partition, vanity
or other obstruction, or closer than 30 inches (762 mm) cen-

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

25

FBGURE 405.3.1 - 407.2

FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

ter-to-center between water closets and adjacent fixtures.
There shall be at least a 21-inch (533 mm) clearance in front
of the water closet or bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water
closet compartments shall not be less than 30 inches (762
mm) wide or 60 inches (1524 mm) deep. There shall be at
least a 21-inch (533 mm) clearance in front of a lavatory to
any wall, fixture or door (see Figure 405.3.1).

15 IN.

21-INCH -,
CLEARANCE

~1

o„,K, ^^,.. 21 -IN.

30 IN. 30JISL CLEARANCE

15 INCH

21-INCH
CLEARANCE

1 I

30 IN. 30 IN.

COMF^RTMENT

15 IN.

UR UR

■ra — n^
W

(tub

wc wc 1

21 INCH

<^<^

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE 405.3.1
FIXTURE CLEARANCES

405.3.2 Urinals. A urinal shall not be set closer than 1 5 inches
(381 mm) from the center of the urinal to any side wall, parti-
tion, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 30 inches (762
mm) center-to-center between urinals (see Figure 405.3.1).

405.3.3 Pebllc lavatories. In employee and public toilet
rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same
room as the required water closet.

405.4 Floor and wall drainage connections. Connections be-
tween the drain and floor outlet plumbing fixtures shall be
made with a floor flange. The flange shall be attached to the
drain and anchored to the structure. Connections between the
drain and wall-hung water closets shall be made with an ap-
proved extension nipple or horn adapter. The water closet shall
be bolted to the hanger with corrosion-resistant bolts or screws.
Joints shall be sealed with an approved elastomeric gasket or
setting compound conforming to FS TT-P- 1536a.

405.4.1 Floor flanges. Floor flanges for water closets or
similar fixtures shall not be less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm)
thick for brass, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic, and 0.25
inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2-inch (51 mm)
caulking depth for cast-iron or galvanized malleable iron.

Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less thanl
pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead al-
loy with not less than 7.75-percent antimony by weight.
Closet screws and bolts shall be of brass. Flanges shall be se-
cured to the building structure with corrosion-resistant
screws or bolts.

405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures. Floor outlet fixtures
shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by screws or
bolts of corrosion-resistant material.

405.4.3 Securing wall-hung water closet bowls.
Wall-hung water closet bowls shall be supported by a con-
cealed metal carrier that is attached to the building structural
members so that strain is not transmitted to the closet con-
nector or any other part of the plumbing system. The carrier
shall conform to ASME Al 12.6.1.

405.5 Water-tight joints. Joints formed where fixtures come
in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.

405.6 Plumbing in mental health centers. In mental health
centers, pipes or traps shall not be exposed, and fixtures shall be
bolted through walls.

405.7 Design of overflows. Where any fixture is provided with
an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed so that
standing water in the fixture will not rise in the overflow when
the stopper is closed, and no water will remain in the overflow
when the fixture is empty.

405.7.1 Connection of overflows. The overflow from any
fixture shall discharge into the drainage system on the inlet
or fixture side of the trap.

Exception: The overflow from a flush tank serving a wa-
ter closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture served.

405.8 Slip-joint connections. Slip joints shall be made with an
approved elastomeric gasket and shall only be installed on the
trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures with con-
cealed slip-joint connections shall be provided with an access
panel or utility space at least 12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest
dimension or other approved arrangement so as to provide ac-
cess to the slip connections for inspection and repair.

SECTION 406
AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHERS

406.1 Approval. Domestic automatic clothes washers shall
confonn to ASSE 1007.

406.2 Water connection. The water supply to an automatic
clothes washer shall be protected against backflow by an air
gap installed integrally within the machine conforming to
ASSE 1007 or with the installation of a backflow preventer in
accordance with Section 608.

406.3 Waste connection. The waste from an automatic clothes
washer shall discharge through an air break into a standpipe in
accordance with Section 802.4 or into a laundry sink.

SECTION 407
BATHTUBS

407.1 Approval. Bathtubs shall conform to ANSI Z124.1,
ASME A112.19.1, ASME A112.19.4, ASME A112.19.9,CSA
B45.2, CSA B45.3 or CSA B45.5.

407.2 Bathtub waste outlets. Bathtubs shall have waste out-
lets a minimum of 1.5 inches (38 nun) in diameter. The waste
outlet shall be equipped with an approved stopper.

26

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

407.3-414.1

407.3 Glazing. Windows and doors within a bathtub enclosure
shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of the Interna-
tional Building Code.

SECTION 408
BIDETS

\A Approval. Bidets shall conform to ASME Al 12.19.2,
ASME Al 12.19.9 or CSA B45.1.

J.2 Water connection. The water supply to a bidet shall be
protected against backflow by an air gap or backflow preventer
in accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, 608.13.3,
608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8.

SECTION 409
DISHWASHING MACHINES

M Approval. Domestic dishwashing machines shall con-
form to ASSE 1006. Commercial dishwashing machines shall
conform to ASSE 1004 and NSF 3.

J.2 Water connection. The water supply to a dishwashing
machine shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or
backflow preventer in accordance with Section 608.

Waste connection. The waste connection of a
dishwashing machine shall comply with Section 409.3.1 or
409.3.2.

409.3.1 Domestic dishwashing machines. Domestic
dishwashing machines shall discharge indirectly through an
air gap or air break into a standpipe or waste receptor in ac-
cordance with Section 802.2, or discharge into a
wye-branch fitting on the tailpiece of the kitchen sink or the
dishwasher connection of a food waste grinder. The waste
line of a domestic dishwashing machine discharging into a
kitchen sink tailpiece or food waste grinder shall connect to
a deck-mounted air gap or the waste line shall rise and be se-
curely fastened to the underside of the sink rim or counter.

409.3.2 Commercial dishwashing machines. The dis-
charge from a commercial dishwashing machine shall be
through an air gap or air break into a standpipe or waste re-
ceptor in accordance with Section 802.2.

SECTION 410
DRINKING FOUNTAINS

410.1 Approval. Drinking fountains shall conform to ASME
A112.19.1, ASME A112.19.2 or ASME A112.19.9, and water
coolers shall conform to ARI 1010. Where water is served in
restaurants or where bottled water coolers are provided in other
occupancies, drinking fountains shall not be required.

410.2 Prohibited location. Drinking fountains shall not be in-
stalled in public restrooms.

SECTION 411

EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND

EYEWASH STATIONS

411.1 Water connection. Emergency showers and eyewash
stations shall be provided with a supply of cold water as re-
quired by the manufacturer.

411.2 Waste connection. Waste connections shall not be re-
quired for emergency showers and eyewash stations.

SECTION 412
FLOOR DRAINS

412.1 Approval. Floor drains shall conform to ASME
A112.21.1, ASME A112.3.1 or CSA CAN-B79. |

412.2 Floor drain trap and strainer. Floor drain traps shall
have removable strainers. The strainer shall have a waterway
area of not less than the area of the tailpiece. The floor drain
shall be constructed so that the drain is capable of being
cleaned. Access shall be provided to the drain inlet.

412.3 Size of floor drains. Floor drains shall have a minimum
2-inch-diameter (5 1 nun) drain outlet.

412.4 Public laundries and central washing facilities. In |

public coin-operated laundries and in the central washing facil-
ities of multiple-family dwellings, the rooms containing auto-
matic clothes washers shall be provided with floor drains
located to readily drain the entire floor area. Such drains shall
have a minimum outlet of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in di-
ameter.

SECTION 413
FOOD WASTE GRINDER UNITS

413.1 Approval. Domestic food waste grinders shall conform
to ASSE 1008. Conomercial food waste grinders shall conform
to ASSE 1009. Food waste grinders shall not increase the
drainage fixture unit load on the sanitary drainage system.

413.2 Domestic food waste grinder waste outlets. Domestic
food waste grinders shall be connected to a drain of not less
than 1.5 inches (38 mm) in diameter.

413.3 Commercial food waste grinder waste outlets. Com-
mercial food waste grinders shall be connected to a drain a min-
imum of 2 inches (5 1 mm) in diameter. Commercial food waste
grinders shall be connected and trapped separately from any
other fixtures or sink compartments.

413.4 Water supply required. All food waste grinders shall be
provided with a supply of cold water.

SECTION 414
GARBAGE CAN WASHERS

414.1 Water connection. The water supply to a garbage can
washer shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or a
backflow preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.1,
608.13.2, 608.13.3, 608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

27

414.2-417.5.2.3

FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND F5XTURE FITTINGS

L2 Waste connection. Garbage can washers shall be
trapped separately. The receptacle receiving the waste from the
washer shall have a removable basket or strainer to prevent the
discharge of large particles into the drainage system.

SECTION 415
LAUNDRY TRAYS

415ol Approval. Laundry trays shall conform to ANSI Z 124.6,
ASME A112.19.1, ASME A112.19.3, ASME A112.19.9,
CSAB45.2orCSAB45.4.

415.2 Waste outlet. Each compartment of a laundry tray shall
be provided with a waste outlet a minimum of 1.5 inches (38
mm) in diameter and a strainer or crossbar to restrict the clear
opening of the waste outlet.

SECTION 416

LAVATORIES

5.1 Approval. Lavatories shall conform to ANSI Z124.3,
ASME A112.19.1, ASME A112.19.2, ASME A112.19.3,
ASME A112.19.4, ASME Al 12.19.9, CSA B45.1, CSA
B45.2, CSA B45.3 or CSA B45.4. Group wash-up equipment
shall conform to the requirements of Section 402. Every 20
inches (508 mm) of rim space shall be considered as one lava-
tory.

416,2 Cultured marble lavatories. Cultured marble vanity
tops with an integral lavatory shall conform to ANSI Z124.3 or
CSA B45.5.

J.3 Lavatory waste outlets. Lavatories shall have waste
outlets not less than 1.25 inches (32 mm) in diameter. A
strainer, pop-up stopper, crossbar or other device shall be pro-
vided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.

SECTION 417
SHOWERS

417.1 Approval. Prefabricated showers and shower compart-
ments shall conform to ANSI Z124.2, ASME Al 12.19.9 or
CSA B45.5. Shower valves for individual showers shall con-
form to the requirements of Section 424.4.

riser. Every water supply riser from the
shower valve to the shower head outlet, whether exposed or
not, shall be attached to the structure in an approved manner.

417.3 Shower waste outlet. Waste outlets serving showers
shall be at least 2 inches (5 1 mm) in diameter and, for other than
waste outlets in bathtubs, shall have removable strainers not
less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter with strainer openings
not less than .25 inch (6.4 mm) in minimum dimension. Where
each shower space is not provided with an individual waste out-
let, the waste outlet shall be located and the floor pitched so that
waste from one shower does not flow over the floor area serv-
ing another shower. Waste outlets shall be fastened to the waste
pipe in an approved manner.

417.4 Shower compartments. All shower compartments shall
have a minimum of 900 square inches (0.58 m^) of interior
cross-sectional area. Shower compartments shall not be less

than 30 inches (762 mm) in minimum dimension measured
from the finished interior dimension of the compaitment, ex-
clusive of fixture valves, showerheads, soap dishes, and safety
grab bcirs or rails. The 30-inch (762 mm) minimum dimension
shall be measured as the side of a rectangle, altitude of a trian-
gle or diameter of a circle. Except as required in Section 404,
the minimum required area and dimension shall be measured
from the finished interior dimension at a height equal to the top
of the threshold and at a point tangent to its centerline.

417.4.1 Wall area. The wall area above built-in tubs with in-
stalled shower heads and in shower compartments shall be
constructed of smooth, noncorrosive and nonabsorbent wa-
terproof materials to a height not less than 6 feet (1829 nmi)
above the room floor level, and not less than 70 inches (1778
mm) where measured from the compaitment floor at the
drain. Such walls shall form a water-tight joint with each
other and with either the tub, receptor or shower floor.

417.5 Shower floors or receptors. Floor surfaces shall be con-
structed of impervious, noncorrosive, nonabsorbent and water-
proof materials.

417.5.1 Support. Floors or receptors under shower com-
partments shall be laid on, and supported by, a smooth and
structurally sound base.

417.5.2 Shower lining. Floors under shower compartments,
except where prefabricated receptors have been provided,
shall be lined and made water tight utilizing material com-
plying with Sections 417.5.2.1 through 417.5.2.4. Such hn-
ers shall turn up on all sides at least 2 inches (5 1 mm) above
the finished threshold level. Liners shall be recessed and fas-
tened to an approved backing so as not to occupy the space
required for wall covering, and shall not be nailed or perfo-
rated at any point less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) above the fin-
ished threshold. Liners shall be pitched one-fourth unit
vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) and shall be
sloped towards the fixture drains and be securely fastened to
the waste outlet at the seepage entrance, making a wa-
ter-tight joint between the liner and the outlet.

Exception: Floor surfaces under shower heads provided
for rinsing laid directly on the ground are not required to
comply with this section.

417.5.2.1 PVC sheets. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) sheets shall be a minimum of 0.040 inch (1.02
mm) thick, and shall meet the requirements of ASTM D
4551. Sheets shall be joined by solvent welding in accor-
dance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.

417.5.2.2 Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) sheets.
Nonplasticized chlorinated polyethylene sheet shall be a
minimum 0.040 inch (1 .02 mm) thick, and shall meet the
requirements of ASTM D 4068 . The liner shall be joined
in accordance with the manufacturer's installation in-
structions.

417.5.2.3 Sheet lead. Sheet lead shall not weigh less than
4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m^) coated with an as-
phalt paint or other approved coating. The lead sheet
shall be insulated from conducting substances other than
the connecting drain by 15-pound (6.80 kg) asphalt felt
or its equivalent. Sheet lead shall be joined by burning.

^K

28

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

FDXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

417.5.2.4-422.4

417.5.2.4 Sheet copper. Sheet copper shall conform to
ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less than 12 ounces per
square foot (3.7 kg/m^). The copper sheet shall be insu-
lated from conducting substances other than the connect-
ing drain by 15 -pound (6.80 kg) asphalt felt or its
equivalent. Sheet copper shall be joined by brazing or
soldering.

417.6 Glazing. Windows and doors within a shower enclosure
shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of the Interna-
tional Building Code.

SECTION 418
SINKS

418.1 Approval. Sinks shall conform to ANSI Z124.6, ASME
A112.19.1, ASME A112.19.2, ASME A112.19.3, ASME
Al 12.19.4, ASME Al 12.19.9, CSA B45.1, CSA B45.2, CSA
B45.3orCSAB45.4.

418.2 Sink vi^aste outlets. Sinks shall be provided with waste
outlets a minimum of 1.5 inches (38 mm) in diameter. A
strainer or crossbar shall be provided to restrict the clear open-
ing of the waste outlet. Sinks on which a food waste grinder is
installed shall have a waste opening a minimum of 3.5 inches
(89 mm) in diameter.

SECTION 419
URINALS

419.1 Approval, Urinals shall conform to ASME A 112.19.2,
CSA B45.1 or CSA B45.5. Urinals shall conform to the water
consumption requirements of Section 604.4. Urinals shall con-
form to the hydraulic performance requirements of ASME
Al 12.19.6, CSA B45.1 or CSA B45.5.

419.2 Substitution for water closets. In each bathroom or toi-
let room, urinals shall not be substituted for more than 67 per-
cent of the required water closets.

419.3 Surrounding material. Wall and floor space to a point 2
feet (610 mm) in front of a urinal lip and 4 feet (1219 mm)
above the floor and at least 2 feet (610 mm) to each side of the
urinal shall be waterproofed with a smooth, readily cleanable,
nonabsorbent material.

SECTION 420
WATER CLOSETS

420.1 Approval. Water closets shall conform to the water con-
sumption requirements of Section 604.4 and shall conform to
ANSI Z124.4, ASME A112.19.2, CSA B45.1, CSA B45.4 or
CSA B45.5. Water closets shall conform to the hydraulic per-
formance requirements of ASME Al 12.19.6. Water closet
tanks shall conform to ANSI Z124.4, ASME A112.19.2,
ASME Al 12.19.9, CSA B45.1, CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5.

420.2 Water closets for public or employee toilet facilities.

Water closet bowls for public or employee toilet facilities shall
be of the elongated type.

420.3 Water closet seats. Water closets shall be equipped with
seats of smooth, nonabsorbent material. All seats of water clos-
ets provided for public or employee toilet facilities shall be of
the hinged open-front type. Integral water closet seats shall be
of the same material as the fixture. Water closet seats shall be
sized for the water closet bowl type.

420.4 Water closet connections. A 4-inch by 3 -inch (102 mm
by 76 mm) closet bend shall be acceptable. Where a 3-inch (76
mm) bend is utilized on water closets, a 4-inch by 3-inch (102
mm by 76 mm) flange shall be installed to receive the fixture
horn.

SECTION 421
WHIRLPOOL BATHTUBS

421.1 Approval. Whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with ASME
Al 12.19.7 or with CSA B45.5 and CSA CAN/CSA-B45 (Sup-
plement 1).

421.2 Installation. Whirlpool bathtubs shall be installed and
tested in accordance with the manufacturer's installation in-
structions. The pump shall be located above the weir of the fix-
ture trap. Access shall be provided to the pump.

421.3 Drain. The pump drain and circulation piping shall be
sloped to drain the water in the volute and the circulation piping
when the whirlpool bathtub is empty.

421.4 Suction fittings. Suction fittings for whirlpool bathtubs
shall comply with ASME A112.19.8.

^ SECTION 422

HEALTH CARE FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT

422.1 Scope. This section shall govern those aspects of health
care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing systems in
other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform to
the requirements of this section in addition to the other require-
ments of this code. The provisions of this section shall apply to
the special devices and equipment installed and maintained in
the following occupancies: nursing homes, homes for the aged,
orphanages, infirmaries, first aid stations, psychiatric facilities,
chnics, professional offices of dentists and doctors, mortuaries,
educational facilities, surgery, dentistry, research and testing lab-
oratories, estabhshments manufacturing pharmaceutical drugs
and medicines, and other structures with similar apparatus and
equipment classified as plumbing.

422.2 Approval. All special plumbing fixtures, equipment, de-
vices and apparatus shall be of an approved type.

422.3 Protection. All devices, appurtenances, appliances and
apparatus intended to serve some special function, such as ster-
ihzation, distillation, processing, cooling, or storage of ice or
foods, and that connect to either the water supply or drainage
system, shall be provided with protection against backflow,
flooding, fouling, contamination of the water supply system
and stoppage of the drain.

422.4 Materials. Fixtures designed for therapy, special cleans-
ing or disposal of waste materials, combinations of such pur-
poses, or any other special purpose, shall be of smooth.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

29

422.5 - 425.1

FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

impervious, corrosion-resistant materials and, where subjected
to temperatures in excess of 180°F (82°C), shall be capable of
withstanding, without damage, higher temperatures.

422.5 Access. Access shall be provided to concealed piping in
connection with special fixtures where such piping contains
steam traps, valves, relief valves, check valves, vacuum break-
ers or other similar items that require periodic inspection, ser-
vicing, maintenance or repair. Access shall be provided to
concealed piping that requires periodic inspection, mainte-
nance or repair.

422.6 Clnnkal sink. A chnical sink shall have an integral trap
in which the upper portion of a visible trap seal provides a water
surface. The fixture shall be designed so as to permit complete
removal of the contents by siphonic or blowout action and to re-
seal the trap. A flushing rim shall provide water to cleanse the
interior surface. The fixture shall have the flushing and cleans-
ing characteristics of a water closet.

422.7 Prohibited usage of clinical sinks and service sinks. A
clinical sink serving a soiled utility room shall not be consid-
ered as a substitute for, or be utilized as, a service sink. A ser-
vice sink shall not be utilized for the disposal of urine, fecal
matter or other human waste.

422.8 Ice prohibited in soiled etility room. Machines for
manufacturing ice, or any device for the handling or storage of
ice, shall not be located in a soiled utility room.

422.9 Sterilizer equipment requirements. The approval and
installation of all sterilizers shall conform to the requirements
of the International Mechanical Code.

422.9.1 Sterilizer piping. Access for the purposes of in-
spection and maintenance shall be provided to all sterilizer
piping and devices necessary for the operation of sterilizers.

422.9.2 Steam supply. Steam supplies to sterilizers, includ-
ing those connected by pipes from overhead mains or
branches, shall be drained to prevent any moisture from
reaching the sterilizer. The condensate drainage from the
steam supply shall be discharged by gravity.

422.9.3 Steam condensate return. Steam condensate re-
turns from sterilizers shall be a gravity return system.

422.9.4 Condensers. Pressure sterilizers shall be equipped
with a means of condensing and cooling the exhaust steam
vapors. Nonpressure sterilizers shall be equipped with a de-
vice that will automatically control the vapor, confining the
vapors within the vessel.

422.10 Special elevations. Control valves, vacuum outlets and
devices protruding from a wall of an operating, emergency, re-
covery, examining or delivery room, or in a corridor or other lo-
cation where patients are transported on a wheeled stretcher,
shall be located at an elevation that prevents bumping the pa-
tient or stretcher against the device.

SECTION 423
SPECIALTY PLUMBING FIXTURES

423.1 Water connections. Baptisteries, ornamental and lily
pools, aquariums, ornamental fountain basins, swimming

pools, and similar constructions, where provided with water
supplies, shall be protected against backflow in accordance
with Section 608.

423.2 Approval. Specialties requiring water and waste con-
nections shall be submitted for approval.

SECTION 424
FAUCETS AND OTHER FIXTURE FITTINGS

424.1 Approval. Faucets and fixture fittings shall conform to
ASME Al 12.18.1 or CSA B125. Faucets and fixture fittings
that supply drinking water for human ingestion shall conform
to the requirements of NSF 61, Section 9.

424.1.1 Faucets and supply fittings. Faucets and supply
fittings shall conform to the water consumption require-
ments of Section 604.4.

424.1.2 Waste iSttings. Waste fittings shall conform to one
of the standards listed in Tables 702.1 and 702.4 for
above-ground drainage and vent pipe and fittings, or the
waste fittings shall be constructed of tubular stainless steel
with a minimum wall thickness of 0.012 inch (0.30 nun), tu-
bular copper alloy having a minimum wall thickness of
0.027 inch (0.69 mm) or tubular plastic complying with
ASTM F 409.

424.2 Hose spray. Diverters for sink faucets with a secondary
outlet consisting of a flexible hose and spray assembly shall
conform to ASSE 1025 in addition to the requirements in Sec-
tion 424.1.

424.3 Hand showers. Hand-held showers shall conform to
ASSE 1014 or CSA B 125.

424.4 Shower valves. Shower and tub-shower combination
valves shall be balanced pressure, thermostatic or combination
balanced-pressure/thermostatic valves that conform to the re-
quirements of ASSE 1016 or CSA B125. Multiple (gang)
showers supplied with a single tempered water supply pipe
shall have the water supply for such showers controlled by an
approved master thermostatic mixing valve. Shower and
tub-shower combination valves and master thermostatic mix-
ing valves required by this section shall be equipped with a
means to limit the maximum setting of the valve to 120°F
(49°C), which shall be field adjusted in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.

424.5 Hose-connected outlets. Faucets and fixture fittings
with hose-connected outlets shall conform to ASME
A112.18.3.

SECTION 425

FLUSHING DEVICES FOR WATER

CLOSETS AND URINALS

425.1 Flushing devices required. Each water closet, urinal,
clinical sink and any plumbing fixture that depends on trap
siphonage to discharge the fixture contents to the drainage sys-
tem shall be provided with a flushometer valve, flushometer
tank or a flush tank designed and installed to supply water in

30

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

FBXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 425.1 .1 - 426.1

quantity and rate of flow to flush the contents of the fixture,
cleanse the fixture and refill the fixture trap.

425.1.1 Separate for each fixture. A flushing device shall
not serve more than one fixture.

425.2 Flushometer valves and tanks. Flushometer valves and
tanks shall comply with ASSE 1037. Vacuum breakers on
flushometer valves shall conform to the performance require-
ments of ASSE 1001 orCSACAN/CSA-B64.1.1. Access shall
be provided to vacuum breakers. Flushometer valves shall be of
the water-conservation type and shall not be utilized where the
water pressure is lower than the minimum required for normal
operation. When operated, the valve shall automatically com-
plete the cycle of operation, opening fully and closing posi-
tively under the water supply pressure. Each flushometer valve
shall be provided with a means for regulating the flow through
the valve. The trap seal to the fixture shall be automatically re-
filled after each valve flushing cycle.

425.3 Flush tanks. Flush tanks equipped for manual flushing
shall be controlled by a device designed to refill the tank after
each discharge and to shut off completely the water flow to the
tank when the tank is filled to operational capacity. The trap
seal to the fixture shall be automatically refilled after each
flushing. The water supply to flush tanks equipped for auto-
matic flushing shall be controlled with a timing device or sen-
sor control devices.

425.3.1 Ball cocks. All flush tanks shall be equipped with an
antisiphon ball cock conforming to ASSE 1002 or CSA
B125. The ball cock backflow preventer shall be located at
least 1 inch (25 mm) above the full opening of the overflow
pipe.

425.3.2 Overflows in flush tanks. Flush tanks shall be pro-
vided with overflows discharging to the water closet or uri-
nal connected thereto and shall be sized to prevent flooding
the tank at the maximum rate at which the tanks are supplied
with water. The opening of the overflow pipe shall be lo-
cated above the flood level rim df the water closet or urinal
or above a secondary overflow in the flush tank.

425.3.3 Sheet copper. Sheet copper utilized for flush tank
linings shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh
less than 10 ounces per square foot (0.03 kg/m^).

425.3.4 Access required. All parts in a flush tank shall be
accessible for repair and replacement.

425.4 Flush pipes and fittings. Flush pipes and fittings shall
be of nonferrous material and shall conform to ASME
Al 12.19.5 or CSA B125.

SECTION 426

MANUAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE

DISPENSING EQUIPMENT

426.1 Approval. Manual food and beverage dispensing equip-
ment shall conform to the requirements of NSF 18.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 31

32 2000 IMTERNATDONAL PLUMBING CODE®

CHAPTER 5

WATER HEATERS

SECTION 501
GENERAL

501.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
materials, design and installation ofi water heaters and the re-
lated safety devices and appurtenances.

501.2 Water heater as space heater. Where a combination po-
table water heating and space heating system requires water for
space heating at temperatures higher than 140°F (60°C), a tem-
pering valve shall be provided to limit the water supplied to the
potable hot water distribution system to a temperature of 140°F
(60°C). The potability of the water shall be maintained
throughout the system.

501.3 Drain valves. Drain valves for emptying shall be in-
stalled at the bottom of each tank-type water heater and hot wa-
ter storage tank. Drain valves shall conform to ASSE 1005.

501.4 Location. Water heaters and storage tanks shall be lo-
cated and connected so as to provide access for observation,
maintenance, servicing and replacement.

501.5 Water heater labeling. All water heaters shall be
third-party certified.

501.6 Water temperature control in piping from tankless

heaters. The temperature of water from tankless water heaters
shall be a maximum of 140°F (60°C) when intended for domes-
tic uses. This provision shall not supersede the requirement for
protective shower valves in accordance with Section 424.4.

501.7 Pressure marking of storage tanks. Storage tanks and
water heaters installed for domestic hot water shall have the
maximum allowable working pressure clearly and indelibly
stamped in the metal or marked on a plate welded thereto or
otherwise permanently attached. Such markings shall be in an
accessible position outside of the tank so as to make inspection
or reinspection readily possible.

501.8 Temperature controls. All hot water supply systems
shall be equipped with automatic temperature controls capable
of adjustments from the lowest to the highest acceptable tem-
perature settings for the intended temperature operating range.

SECTION 502
INSTALLATION

502.1 General. Water heaters shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions. Oil-fired wa-
ter heaters shall conform to the requirements of this code and
the International Mechanical Code. Electric water heaters
shall conform to the requirements of this code and provisions of
the ICC Electrical Code listed in Chapter 13. Gas-fired water
heaters shall conform to the requirements of the International
Fuel Gas Code.

502.2 Water heaters installed in garages. Water heaters hav-
ing an ignition source shall be elevated such that the source of

ignition is not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above the garage
floor.

502.3 Rooms used as a plenum. Water heaters using sohd, liq-
uid or gas fuel shall not be installed in a room containing
air-handling machinery when such room is used as a plenum.

502.4 Prohibited location. Gas-fired water heaters shall not be
installed in a sleeping room, bathroom or a closet accessed
through a sleeping room or bathroom.

Exception: Direct vent water heater.

502.5 Water heaters installed in attics. Attics containing a
water heater shall be provided with an opening and unob-
structed passageway large enough to allow removal of the wa-
ter heater. The passageway shall not be less than 30 inches (762
mm) high and 22 inches (559 nrni) wide and not more than 20
feet (6096 mm) in length when measured along the centerline
of the passageway from the opening to the water heater. The
passageway shall have continuous solid flooring not less than
24 inches (610 mm) wide. A level service space at least 30
inches (762 mm) deep and 30 inches (762 mm) wide shall be
present at the front or service side of the water heater. The clear
access opening dimensions shall be a minimum of 20 inches by
30 inches (508 mm by 762 mm) where such dimensions are
large enough to allow removal of the water heater.

502.6 Seismic supports. Where earthquake loads are applica-
ble in accordance with the International Building Code, water
heater supports shall be designed and installed for the seismic
forces in accordance with the International Building Code.

SECTION 503
CONNECTIONS

503.1 Cold water line valve. The cold water branch line from
the main water supply line to each hot water storage tank or wa-
ter heater shall be provided with a valve, located near the equip-
ment and serving only the hot water storage tank or water
heater. The valve shall not interfere or cause a disruption of the
cold water supply to the remainder of the cold water system.
The valve shall be provided with access on the same floor level
as the water heater served.

503.2 Water circulation. The method of connecting a circulat-
ing water heater to the tank shall provide proper circulation of
water through the water heater. The pipe or tubes required for
the installation of appliances that will draw from the water
heater or storage tank shall comply with the provisions of this
code for material and installation.

SECTION 504
SAFETY DEVICES

504.1 Antisiphon devices. An approved means, such as a cold I
water "dip" tube with a hole at the top or a vacuum relief valve |

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

33

504.2 - 505.1

WATER HEATERS

installed in the cold water supply line above the top of the
heater or tank, shall be provided to prevent siphoning of any
► storage water heater or tank.

504.2 Vacraim relief valve. Bottom fed water heaters and bot-
tom fed tanks connected to water heaters shall have a vacuum
relief valve installed. The vacuum relief valve shall comply
with ANSI Z21. 22.

1. A means for disconnecting an electric hot
water supply system from its energy supply shall be provided in
accordance with the ICC Electrical Code. A separate valve
shall be provided to shut off the energy fuel supply to all other
types of hot water supply systems.

504.4 Relief valve. All storage water heaters operating above
atmospheric pressure shall be provided with an approved,
self-closing (levered) pressure relief valve and temperature re-
lief valve or combination thereof. The relief valve shall con-
form to ANSI Z21.22. The relief valve shall not be used as a
means of controlling thermal expansion.

504.4.1 lestollaMoe. Such valves shall be installed in the
shell of the water heater tank. Temperature relief valves
shall be so located in the tank as to be actuated by the water
in the top 6 inches (152 mm) of the tank served. For installa-
tions with separate storage tanks, the valves shall be in-
stalled on the tank and there shall not be any type of valve
installed between the water heater and the storage tank.
There shall not be a check valve or shutoff valve between a
relief valve and the heater or tank served.

504.5 Relief valve approval. Temperature and pressure relief
valves, or combinations thereof, and energy cutoff devices
shall bear the label of an approved agency and shall have a tem-
perature setting of not more than 210°F (99°C) and a pressure
setting not exceeding the tank or water heater manufacturer's
rated working pressure or 150 psi (1035 kPa), whichever is
less. The relieving capacity of each pressure relief valve and
each temperature relief valve shall equal or exceed the heat in-
put to the water heater or storage tank.

outlet vyaste. The outlet of a pressure, tempera-
ture or other relief valve shall not be directly connected to the
drainage system.

504.6.1 Discharge. The relief valve shall discharge full size
to a safe place of disposal such as the floor, outside the build-
ing, or an indirect waste receptor. The discharge pipe shall
not have any trapped sections and shall have a visible air gap
or air gap fitting located in the same room as the water
heater. The discharge shall be installed in a manner that does
not cause personal injury to occupants in the immediate area
or structural damage to the building.

504.6.2 Materials. Relief valve discharge piping shall be of
those materials hsted in Section 605.5 or shall be tested,
rated and approved for such use in accordance with ASME
Al 12.4.1. Piping from safety pan drains shall be of those
materials listed in Table 605.5.

504.7 Required pan. Where water heaters or hot water storage
tanks are installed in locations where leakage of the tanks or
connections will cause damage, the tank or water heater shall
be installed in a galvanized steel pan having a minimum thick-
ness of 24 gage, or other pans approved for such use.

504.7.1 Pan size and drain. The pan shall be not less than
1.5 inches (38 mm) deep and shall be of sufficient size and
shape to receive all dripping or condensate from the tank or
water heater. The pan shall be drained by an indirect waste
pipe having a minimum diameter of V4 inch (19 mm).

504.7.2 Pan drain termination. The pan drain shall extend
full-size and terminate over a suitably located indirect waste
receptor or floor drain or extend to the exterior of the build-
ing and terminate not less than 6 inches (152 mm) and not
more than 24 inches (610 mm) above the adjacent ground
surface.

SECTION 505
INSULATION

505.1 Unfired vessel insulation. Unfired hot water storage
tanks shall be insulated so that heat loss is hmited to a maxi-
mum of 15 British thermal units per hour (Btu/h) per square
foot (47 W/m^) of external tank surface area. For purposes of
determining this heat loss, the design ambient temperature
shall not be higher than 65°F (18°C).

34

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

CHAPTERS

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

SECTION 601
GENERAL

601.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the materials, design
and installation of water supply systems, both hot and cold, for
utilization in connection with human occupancy and habitation
and shall govern the installation of individual water supply sys-
tems.

601.2 Solar energy utilization. Solar energy systems used for
heating potable water or using an independent medium for
heating potable water shall comply with the applicable require-
ments of this code. The use of solar energy shall not compro-
mise the requirements for cross connection or protection of the
potable water supply system required by this code.

601.3 Existing piping used for grounding. Existing metallic
water service piping used for electrical grounding shall not be
replaced with nonmetallic pipe or tubing until other approved
means of grounding are provided.

601.4 Tests. The potable water distribution system shall be
tested in accordance with Section 312.5.

SECTION 602
WATER REQUIRED

602.1 General. Every structure equipped with plumbing fix-
tures and utilized for human occupancy or habitation shall be
provided with a potable supply of water in the amounts and at
the pressures specified in this chapter.

602.2 Potable water required. Only potable water shall be
supplied to plumbing fixtures that provide water for drinking,
bathing or cuhnary purposes, or for the processing of food,
medical or pharmaceutical products. Unless otherwise pro-
vided in this code, potable water shall be supplied to all plumb-
ing fixtures.

602.3 Individual water supply. Where a potable public water
supply is not available, individual sources of potable water sup-
ply shall be utilized.

602.3.1 Sources. Dependent on geological and soil condi-
tions and the amount of rainfall, individual water supplies
are of the following types: drilled well, driven well, dug
well, bored well, spring, stream or cistern. Surface bodies of
water and land cisterns shall not be sources of individual wa-
ter supply unless properly treated by approved means to pre-
vent contamination.

602.3.2 Minimum quantity. The combined capacity of the
source and storage in an individual water supply system
shall supply the fixtures with water at rates and pressures as
required by this chapter.

602.3.3 Water quality. Water from an individual water sup-
ply shall be approved as potable by the authority having ju-
risdiction prior to connection to the plumbing system.

602.3.4 Disinfection of system. After construction or major
repair, the individual water supply system shall be purged of
deleterious matter and disinfected in accordance with Sec-
tion 610.

602.3.5 Pumps. Pumps shall be rated for the transport of po-
table water. Pumps in an individual water supply system
shall be constructed and installed so as to prevent contami-
nation from entering a potable water supply through the
pump units. Pumps shall be sealed to the well casing or cov-
ered with a water-tight seal. Pumps shall be designed to
maintain a prime and installed such that ready access is pro-
vided to the pump parts of the entire assembly for repairs.

602.3.5.1 Pump enclosure. The pump room or enclo-
sure around a well pump shall be drained and protected
from freezing by heating or other approved means.
Where pumps are installed in basements, such pumps
shall be mounted on a block or shelf not less than 18
inches(457 mm) above the basement floor. Well pits shall
be prohibited.

SECTION 603
WATER SERVICE

603.1 Size of water service pipe. The water service pipe shall
be sized to supply water to the structure in the quantities and at
the pressures required in this code. The minimum diameter of
water service pipe shall be V4 inch (19.1 mm).

603.2 Separation of water service and building sewer. Water
service pipe and the building sewer shall be separated by 5 feet
(1524 mm) of undisturbed or compacted earth.

Exception: The required separation distance shall not apply
where the bottom of the water service pipe within 5 feet
(1524 mm) of the sewer is a minimum of 12 inches (305
mm) above the top of the highest point of the sewer and the
pipe materials conform to Section 703.1.

603.2.1 Water service near sources of pollution. Potable
water service pipes shall not be located in, under or above
cesspools, septic tanks, septic tank drainage fields or seep-
age pits (see Section 605.2 for soil and groundwater condi-
tions).

SECTION 604

DESIGN OF BUILDING WATER

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

604.1 General. The design of the water distribution system
shall conform to accepted engineering practice. Methods uti-
lized to determine pipe sizes shall be approved.

604.2 System interconnection. At the points of interconnec-
tion between the hot and cold water supply piping systems and

2000 INTERNATrONAL PLUMBING CODE®

35

604.3 - 604.8.1

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

the individual fixtures, appliances or devices, provisions shall
be made to prevent flow between such piping systems.

L3 Water distribution system design criteria. The water
distribution system shall be designed, and pipe sizes shall be se-
lected such that under conditions of peak demand, the capacities
at the fixture supply pipe outlets shall not be less than shown in
Table 604.3. The minimum flow rate and flow pressure provided
to fixtures and appUances not Usted in Table 604.3 shall be in ac-
cordance with manufacturer's installation instructions.

TABLE 604.3

WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA REQUIRED

CAPACITIES AT FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE OUTLETS

FIXTURE SUPPLY OUTLET SERVING

FLOW RATE^
(gpm)

FLOW

PRESSURE

(psi)

Bathtub

4

8

Bidet

2

4

Combination fixture

4

8

Dishwasher, residential

2.75

8

Drinking fountain

0.75

8

Laundry tray

4

8

Lavatory

2

8

Shower

3

8

Shower, temperature controlled

3

20

Sillcock, hose bibb

5

8

Sink, residential

2.5

8

Sink, service

3

8

Urinal, valve

15

15

Water closet, blow out, flushometer
valve

35

25

1

Water closet, flushometer tank

1.6

15

Water closet, siphonic, flushometer
valve

25

15

Water closet, tank, close coupled

3

8

Water closet, tank, one piece

6

20

For SI: 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa,

1 gallon per minute (gpm) = 3.785 L/m.
a. For additional requirements for flow rates and quantities, see Section 604.4.

water consumptiono The maxi-
mum water consumption flow rates and quantities for all
plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings shall be in accordance
with Table 604.4.

1. Blowout design water closets [3.5 gallons (13 L) per
flushing cycle].

2. Vegetable sprays.

3 . Chnical sinks [4 . 5 gallons ( 1 7 L) per flushing cycle] .

4. Service sinks.

5. Emergency showers.

TABLE 604.4

MAXIMUM FLOW RATES AND CONSUMPTION

FOR PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

PLUMBING FIXTURE
OR FIXTURE FITTING

MAXIMUIW FLOW RATE
OR quantity"

Water closet

1.6 gallons per flushing cycle

Urinal

1.0 gallon per flushing cycle

Shower head"

2.5 gpm at 80 psi

Lavatory, private

2.2 gpm at 60 psi

Lavatory (other than metering),
public

0.5 gpm at 60 psi

Lavatory, public (metering)

0.25 gallon per metering cycle

Sink faucet

2.2 gpm at 60 psi

For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m,
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.

a. A hand-held shower spray is a shower head.

b. Consumption tolerances shall be determined from referenced standards.

604.5 Size of fixture supply. The minimum size of a fixture
supply pipe shall be as shown in Table 604.5. The fixture sup-
ply pipe shall not terminate more than 30 inches (762 mm) from
the point of connection to the fixture. A reduced-size flexible
connector installed between the supply pipe and the fixture
shall be of an approved type. The supply pipe shall extend to the
floor or wall adjacent to the fixture. The minimum size of indi-
vidual distribution lines utilized in parallel water distribution
systems shall be as shown in Table 604.5.

•.6 Variable street pressures. Where street water main
pressures fluctuate, the building water distribution system shall
be designed for the minimum pressure available.

604.7 Inadequate water pressure. Wherever water pressure
from the street main or other source of supply is insufficient to
provide flow pressures at fixture outlets as required under Sec-
tion 604.3, a water pressure booster system conforming to Sec-
tion 606.5 shall be installed on the building water supply
system.

604.8 Water-pressure reducing valve or regulator. Where
water pressure within a building exceeds 80 psi (552 kPa)
static, an approved water-pressure reducing valve conforming
to ASSE 1003 with strainer shall be installed to reduce the pres-
sure in the building water distribution piping to 80 psi (552 kPa)
static or less.

Exception: Service lines to sill cocks and outside hydrants,
and main supply risers where pressure from the mains is re-
duced to 80 psi (552 kPa) or less at individual fixtures.

604.8.1 Valve design. The pressure-reducing valve shall be
designed to remain open to permit uninterrupted water flow
in case of valve failure.

36

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

TABLE 604.5 - 605.4

TABLE 604.5
MINIMUM SIZES OF FIXTURE WATER SUPPLY PIPES

FIXTURE

MINIMUM PIPE SIZE
(inch)

Bathtubs (60" x 32" and smaller)^

'/2

Bathtubs (larger than 60" x 32")

%

Bidet

%

Combination sink and tray

\

Dishwasher, domestic^

'll

Drinking fountain

\

Hose bibbs

\

Kitchen sink^

\

Laundry, 1, 2 or 3 compartments"

\

Lavatory

\

Shower, single head"

%

Sinks, flushing rim

'U

Sinks, service

%

Urinal, flush tank

%

Urinal, flush valve

%

Wall hydrant

%

Water closet, flush tank

%

Water closet, flush valve

1

Water closet, flushometer tank

\

Water closet, one piece"

%

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm,
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.

a. Where the developed length of the distribution line is 60 feet or less, and the
available pressure at the meter is a minimum of 35 psi, the minimum size of
an individual distribution line supplied from a manifold and installed as part
of a parallel water distribution system shall be one nominal tube size smaller
than the sizes indicated.

604.8.2 Repair and removal. All water-pressure reducing
valves, regulators and strainers shall be so constructed and
installed as to permit repair or removal of parts without
breaking a pipeline or removing the valve and strainer from
the pipeline.

604.9 Water hammer. The flow velocity of the water distribu-
tion system shall be controlled to reduce the possibility of water
hammer. A water-hammer arrestor shall be installed where
quick-closing valves are utilized, unless otherwise approved.
Water-hanmier arrestors shall be installed in accordance with
the manufacturer's specifications. Water-hammer arrestors
shall conform to ASSE 1010.

} Parallel water distribution system manifolds. Hot
water and cold water manifolds installed with parallel con-
nected individual distribution lines to each fixture or fixture fit-
ting shall be designed in accordance with Sections 604.10.1
through 604.10.3.

604.10.1 Manifold sizing. Hot water and cold water mani-
folds shall be sized in accordance with Table 604.10.1. The
total gallons per minute is the demand of all outlets sup-
plied.

TABLE 604.10.1
MANIFOLD SIZING

NOMINAL SIZE INTERNAL
DIAMETER (inches)

MAXIMUM DEMAND (gpm)

Velocity at 4 feet
per second

Velocity at 8 feet
per second

%

2

5

\

6

11

1

10

20

IV.

15

31

IV,

22

44

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m,
1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.

604.10.2 Valves. Individual fixture shutoff valves installed
at the manifold shall be identified as to the fixture being sup-
plied.

604.10.3 Access. Access shall be provided to manifolds.

SECTION 605
MATERIALS, JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

605.1 Water compatibility. Water service pipe and water dis-
tribution pipe shall be resistant to corrosive action and degrad-
ing action from the potable water supplied by the water
purveyor or individual water supply system.

605.2 Soil and ground water. The installation of a water ser-
vice pipe shall be prohibited in soil and ground water contami-
nated with solvents, fuels, organic compounds or other
detrimental materials causing permeation, corrosion, degrada-
tion or structural failure of the piping material. Where detri-
mental conditions are suspected, a chemical analysis of the soil
and ground water conditions shall be required to ascertain the
acceptability of the water service material for the specific in-
stallation. Where detrimental conditions exist, approved alter-
native materials or routing shall be required.

605.3 Lead content of water supply pipe and fittings. Pipe
and pipe fittings, including valves and faucets, utilized in the
water supply system shall have a maximum of 8-percent lead
content.

605.4 Water service pipe. Water service pipe shall conform to
NSF 6 1 and shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table
605.4. All water service pipe or tubing, installed underground
and outside of the structure, shall have a minimum working
pressure rating of 160 psi (1 100 kPa) at 73.4°F (23°C). Where
the water pressure exceeds 160 psi (1 100 kPa), piping material
shall have a minimum rated working pressure equal to the high-
est available pressure. Plastic water service piping shall termi-
nate within 5 feet (1524 mm) inside the point of entry into a
building. All ductile iron water pipe shall be cement mortar
lined in accordance with AWWA CI 04.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

37

TABLE 605.4 -605.6.1.1

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

TABLE 605.4
WATER SERVICE PIPE

MATERIAL

STANDARD

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe

ASTM D 1527; ASTM D 2282

Asbestos-cement pipe

ASTM C 296

Brass pipe

ASTM B 43

Copper or copper-alloy pipe

ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302

Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, WK, L, WL, M or WM)

ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251; ASTM B 447

Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe

ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 441; ASTM F 442; CSA B137.6

Ductile iron water pipe

AWWA C151; AWWA C115

Galvanized steel pipe

ASTM A 53

Polybutylene (PB) plastic pipe and tubing

ASTM D 2662; ASTM D 2666; ASTM D 3309; CSA B 137.8

Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe

ASTM D 2239; CSA CAN/CSA-B 137.1

Polyethylene (PE) plastic tubing

ASTM D 2737; CSA B137.1

Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing

ASTM F 876; ASTM F 877; CSA CAN/CSA-B 137.5

Cross-Unked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene
(PEX-AL-PEX) pipe

ASTM F 1281; CSA CAN/CSA B 137.10

Polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) pipe

ASTM F 1282; CSA CAN/CSA-B 137.9

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe

ASTM D 1785; ASTM D 2241; ASTM D 2672; CSA
CAN/CSA-B 137.3

TABLE 605.5
WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE

MATERIAL

STANDARD

Brass pipe

ASTM B 43

Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe and tubing

ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 441; ASTM F 442; CSA B 137.6

Copper or copper-alloy pipe

ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302

Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, WK, L, WL, M or WM)

ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251; ASTM B 447

Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing

ASTM F 877; CSA CAN/CSA-B 137.5

Cross-hnked polyethylene/

aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) pipe

ASTM F 1281; CSA CAN/CSA-B 137. 10

Galvanized steel pipe

ASTM A 53

Polybutylene (PB) plastic pipe and tubing

ASTM D 3309; CSA CAN3-B 137.8

605.4.1 Dual check-valve-type backflow preventer.
Where a dual check- valve-backflow preventer is installed on
the water supply system, it shall comply with ASSE 1024.

605.5 Water distribution pipe. Water distribution pipe shall
conform to NSF 61 and shall conform to one of the standards
listed in Table 605.5. All hot water distribution pipe and tubing
shall have a minimum pressure rating of 100 psi (690 kPa) at
180°F(82°C).

605.6 Fittings. Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation
with the piping material installed and shall conform to the re-
spective pipe standards or one of the standards listed in Table
605.6. All pipe fittings utilized in water supply systems shall
also conform to NSF 61. The fittings shall not have ledges,

shoulders or reductions capable of retarding or obstructing
flow in the piping. Ductile and gray iron pipe fittings shall be
cement mortar lined in accordance with AWWA CI 04.

605.6.1 Mechanically formed tee fittings. Mechanically
extracted outlets shall have a height not less than three times
the thickness of the branch tube wall.

605.6.1.1 Full flovi^ assurance. Branch tubes shall not
restrict the flow in the run tube. A dimple/depth stop shall
be formed in the branch tube to ensure that penetration
into the collar is of the correct depth. For inspection pur-
poses, a second dimple shall be placed 0.25 inch (6.4
mm) above the first dimple. Dimples shall be aligned
with the tube run.

38

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

TABLE 605.6 -605.14.2

TABLE 605.6
PIPE FITTINGS

MATERIAL

STANDARD

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)lplastic

ASTM D 2468

Cast iron ;

ASME B16.4; ASME B16.12

Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVCJ plastic

ASTM F 437; ASTM F 438; ASTM F 439

Copper or copper alloy

ASME B16.15; ASME B16.18; ASME B16.22; ASME BI6.23;
ASME B 16.26; ASME B 16.29

Gray iron and ductile iron

AWWA CI 10; AWWA C153

Malleable iron

ASME B 16.3

Metal insert fittings utilizing a copper crimp
ring for SDR9 (PEX) tubing

ASTM F 1807

Polyethylene (PE) plastic

ASTM D 2609

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic

ASTM D 2464; ASTM D 2466; ASTM D 2467;
CSACAN/CSA-B 137.2

Steel

ASME B16.9; ASME B16.il; ASME B16.28

605.6.1.2 Brazed joints. Mechanically formed tee fit-
tings shall be brazed in accordance with Section
605.14.1.

605.7 Valves. All valves shall be of the approved type and com-
patible with the type of piping material installed in the system.

605.8 Manufactured pipe nipples. Manufactured pipe nip-
ples shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 605 . 8 .

TABLE 605.8
MANUFACTURED PIF>E NIPPLES

MATERIAL

STANDARD

Steel

ASTM A 733

Brass-, copper-,
chromium-plated

ASTM B 687

605.9 Prohibited joints and connections. The following
types of joints and connections shall be prohibited:

1 . Cement or concrete joints.

2. Joints made with fittings not approved for the specific in-
stallation.

3. Solvent-cement joints between different types of plastic
pipe.

4. Saddle-type fittings.

605.10 ABS plastic. Joints between ABS plastic pipe or fit-
tings shall comply with Sections 605.10.1 through 605.10.3.

605.10.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on water
pipes shall be made with an elastdmeric seal conforming to
ASTM D 3139. Mechanical joints shall only be installed in
underground systems, unless otherwise approved. Joints
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's in-
structions.

605.10.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. Solveiit cement that conforms to
ASTM D 2235 shall be apphed to all joint surfaces. The
joint shall be made while the cement is wet. Joints shall be

made in accordance with ASTM D 2235. Solvent-cement
joints shall be permitted above or below ground.

605.10.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be per-
mitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for
plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be ap-
phed on the male threads only.

605.11 Asbestos-cement. Joints between asbestos-cement
pipe or fittings shall be made with a sleeve coupling of the same
composition as the pipe, sealed with an elastomeric ring con-
forming to ASTM D 1869.

605.12 Brass. Joints between brass pipe or fittings shall com-
ply with Sections 605.12.1 through 605.12.4.

6Q5.12.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The joint
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5 . 8 .

605.12.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be in-
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

605.12.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME Bi.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be ap-
plied on the male threads only.

605.12.4 Welded joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
The joint shall be welded with an approved filler metal. .■-

605.13 Gray iron and ductile iron joints. Joints for gray and
ductile iron pipe and fittings shall comply with AWWA CI 1 1
and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's in-
stallation instructions.

605.14 Copper pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy
pipe or fittings shall comply with Sections 605.14.1 through
605.14.5.

605.14.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
All approved flux shall be applied where required. The joint
shiall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5 . 8 .

605.14.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be in-
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

39

605.14.3-605.20.3

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

605.143 Soldered joints. Solder joints shall be made in ac-
cordance with the methods of ASTM B 828. All cut tube
ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube
end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming
to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be soldered
with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32. The joining of wa-
ter supply piping shall be made with lead-free solder and
fluxes. "Lead free" shall mean a chemical composition
equal to or less than 0.2-percent lead.

Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be ap-
plied on the male threads only.

605ol4.5 Welded jointSo All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
The joint shall be welded with an approved filler metal.

605.15 Copper tubing. Joints between copper or copper-alloy
tubing or fittings shall comply with Sections 605.15.1 through
605.15.4.

605.15.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The joint
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5.8.

605.15.2 Flared joints. Flared joints for water pipe shall be
made by a tool designed for that operation.

605.15.3 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be in-
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

605.15.4 Soldered joints. Solder joints shall be made in ac-
cordance with the methods of ASTM B 828. All cut tube
ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube
end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming
to ASTM B 813 shall be appHed. The joint shall be soldered
with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32. The joining of wa-
ter supply piping shall be made with lead-free solders and
fluxes. "Lead free" shall mean a chemical composition
equal to or less than 0.2-percent lead.

605.16 CPVC plastic. Joints between CPVC plastic pipe or fit-
tings shall comply with Sections 605.16.1 through 605.16.3.

605.16.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be in-
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

605.16.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture, and an approved primer shall be ap-
plied. Solvent cement, orange in color and conforming to
ASTM F 493, shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The joint
shall be made while the cement is wet, and in accordance with
ASTM D 2846 or ASTM F 493. Solvent-cement joints shall
be permitted above or below ground.

Exception: A primer is not required where all of the fol-
lowing conditions apply:

1 . The solvent cement used is third-party certified as
conforming to ASTM F493 .

2. The solvent cement used is yellow in color.

3 . The solvent cement is used only for joining Vj inch
(12.7 mm) through 2 inch (51 mm) diameter
CPVC pipe and fittings.

4. The CPVC pipe and fittings are manufactured in
accordance with ASTM D2846.

605.16.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to ASME
B 1 .20. 1 . Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted to be
threaded with dies specifically designed for plastic pipe, but
the pressure rating of the pipe shall be reduced by 50 percent.
Thread by socket molded fittings shall be permitted. Ap-
proved thread lubricant or tape shall be applied on the male
threads only.

605.17 Cross-linked polyethylene plastic. Joints between
cross- linked polyethylene plastic tubing or fittings shall comply
with Sections 605.17.1 and 605.17.2.

605.17.1 Flared joints. Flared pipe ends shall be made by a
tool designed for that operation.

605.17.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be in-
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Metallic lock rings and insert fittings as described in ASTM
F 1807 shall be installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer's instructions.

605.18 Steel. Joints between galvanized steel pipe or fittings
shall comply with Sections 605.18.1 and 605.18.2.

605.18.1 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to ASME
B 1.20. 1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on
the male threads only.

605.18.2 Mechanical joints. Joints shall be made with an
approved elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be in-
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

605.19 Polybutylene plastic. Joints between polybutylene
plastic pipe and tubing or fittings shall comply witli iSections
605.19.1 through 605.19.3.

605.19.1 Flared joints. Flared pipe ends shall be made by a
tool designed for that operation.

605.19.2 Heat-fusion joints. Joints shall be of the socket-fu-
sion or butt-fusion type. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free
from moisture. All joint surfaces shall be heated to melt tem-
perature and joined. The joint shall be undisturbed until cool.
Joints shall be made in accordance witii ASTM D 2657,
ASTM D 3309 or CSA CAN3-B 137.8.

605.19.3 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be in-
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Metallic lock rings employed with insert fittings as de-
scribed in ASTM D 3309 or CSA CAN3-B 137.8 shall be in-
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

605.20 Polyethylene plastic. Joints between polyethylene plas-
tic pipe and tubing or fittings shall comply with Sections
605.20.1 through 605.20.4.

605.20.1 Flared joints. Flared joints shall be permitted
where so indicated by the pipe manufacturer. Flared joints
shall be made by a tool designed for that operation.

605.20.2 Heat-fusion joints. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. All joint surfaces shall be heated to
melt temperature and joined. The joint shall be undisturbed
until cool. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D

2657.

605.20.3 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be in-
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

•

40

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

605.20.4 - 606.5.3

•

605.20.4 Installation. Polyethylene pipe shall be cut
square, with a cutter designed for plastic pipe. Except where
joined by heat fusion, pipe ends shall be chamfered to re-
move sharp edges. Kinked pipe shall not be installed. The
minimum pipe bending radius shall not be less than 30 pipe
diameters, or the minimum coil radius, whichever is greater.
Piping shall not be bent beyond straightening of the curva-
ture of the coil. Bends shall not be permitted within 10 pipe
diameters of any fitting or valve. Stiffener inserts installed
with compression-type couplings and fittings shall not ex-
tend beyond the clamp or nut of the coupling or fitting.

605.21 PVC plastic. Joints between PVC plastic pipe or fit-
tings shall comply with Sections 605.21.1 through 605.21.3.

605.21.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on water
pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM D 3139. Mechanical joints shall not be installed in
above-ground systems unless otherwise approved. Joints
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's in-
structions.

605.21.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. A purplb primer that conforms to
ASTM F 656 shall be applied. Solvent cement not purple in
color and conforming to ASTM D 2564 or CSA
CAN/CSA-B 137.3 shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The
joint shall be made while the cement is wet and shall be in
accordance with ASTM D 2855. Solvent-cement joints
shall be permitted above or below ground.

605.21.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to ASME
B 1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted to
be threaded with dies specifically designed for plastic pipe,
but the pressure rating of the pipe shall be reduced by 50 per-
cent. Thread by socket molded fittings shall be permitted.
Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be applied on the
male threads only.

605.22 Joints between different materials. Joints between
different piping materials shall be made with a mechanical joint
of the compression or mechanical-sealing type, or as permitted
in Sections 605.22.1 and 605.22.2. Connectors or adapters
shall have an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM D 1869 or
ASTM F 477. Joints shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.

605.22.1 Copper or copper-alloy tubing to galvanized
steel pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing and
galvanized steel pipe shall be made with a brass converter
fitting or dielectric fitting. The copper tubing shall be sol-
dered to the fitting in an approved manner, and the fitting
shall be screwed to the threaded pipe.

605.22.2 Plastic pipe or tubing to other piping material.

Joints between different grades of plastic pipe or between
plastic pipe and other piping material shall be made with an
approved adapter fitting.

SECTION 606

INSTALLATION OF THE BUILDING WATER

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

606.1 Location of full-open valves. Full-open valves shall be
installed in the following locations:

1 . On the building water service pipe from the public water
supply near the curb.

2. On the water distribution supply pipe at the entrance into
the structure.

3. On the discharge side of every water meter.

4. On the base of every water riser pipe in occupancies other
than multiple-family residential occupancies that are two
stories or less in height and in one- and two-family resi-
dential occupancies.

5 . On the top of every water down-feed pipe in occupancies
other than one- and two-family residential occupancies.

6. On the entrance to every water supply pipe to a dwelling
unit, except where supplying a single fixture equipped
with individual stops.

7 . On the water supply pipe to a gravity or pressurized water
tank.

8. On the water supply pipe to every water heater.

606.2 Location of shutoff valves. Shutoff valves shall be in-
stalled in the following locations:

1 . On the fixture supply to each plumbing fixture in other
than one- and two-family and multiple-family residential
occupancies, and other than in individual guestrooms
that are provided with unit shutoff valves in hotels, mo-
tels, boarding houses and similar occupancies.

2. On the water supply pipe to each sillcock.

3. On the water supply pipe to each appliance or mechani-
cal equipment.

606.3 Access to valves. Access shall be provided to all required
full-open valves and shutoff valves.

606.4 Valve identification. Service and hose bibb valves shall
be identified. All other valves installed in locations that are not
adjacent to the fixture or appliance shall be identified, indicat-
ing the fixture or appliance served.

606.5 Water pressure booster systems. Water pressure
booster systems shall be provided as required by Sections
606.5.1 through 606.5.10.

606.5.1 Water pressure booster systems required. Where
the water pressure in the pubUc water main or individual wa-
ter supply system is insufficient to supply the minimum
pressures and quantities specified in this code, the supply
shall be supplemented by an elevated water tank, a
hydropneumatic pressure booster system or a water pres-
sure booster pump installed in accordance with Section
606.5.5.

606.5.2 Support. All water supply tanks shall be supported
in accordance with the International Building Code.

606.5.3 Covers. All water supply tanks shall be covered to
keep out unauthorized persons, dirt and vermin. The covers

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

41

606.5.4 - 607.2

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRBBUTION

of gravity tanks shall be vented with a return bend vent pipe
with an area not less than the area of the down-feed riser
pipe, and the vent shall be screened with a corrosion-resis-
tant screen of not less than 16 by 20 mesh per inch (630 by
787 mesh per m).

TABLE 606.5.7
SIZE OF DRAIN PIPES FOR WATER TANKS

Po5.4 Overflows for water supply tanks. Each gravity or
suction water supply tank shall be provided with an over-
flow with a diameter not less than that shown in Table
606.5.4. The overflow outlet shall discharge above and
within not less than 6 inches (152 mm) of a roof or roof
drain, floor or floor drain, or over an open water-supplied
fixture. The overflow outlet shall be covered with a corro-
sion-resistant screen of not less than 16 by 20 mesh per inch
(630 by 787 mesh per m) and by 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) hard-
ware cloth or shall terminate in a horizontal angle seat check
valve. Drainage from overflow pipes shall be directed so as
not to freeze on roof walks.

TABLE 606.5.4
SIZES FOR OVERFLOW PIPES FOR WATER SUPPLY TANKS

MAXIMUiW CAPACITY OF WATER

SUPPLY LINE TO TANK

(gpm)

DIAMETER OF OVERFLOW PIPE
(Inches)

0-50

2

51-150

2%

151-200

3

201 - 400

4

401 - 700

5

701 - 1,000

6

Over 1,000

8

For SL 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.

oS.5 Low-pressure cutoff required oo booster pumps.
A low-pressure cutoff shall be installed on all booster
pumps in a water pressure booster system to prevent cre-
ation of a vacuum or negative pressure on the suction side of
the pump when a positive pressure of 10 psi (68.94 kPa) or
less occurs on the suction side of the pump.

606.5.6 Potable water iinlet control and location. Potable
water inlets to gravity tanks shall be controlled by a ball
cock or other automatic supply valve installed so as to pre-
vent the tank from overflowing. The inlet shall be termi-
nated so as to provide an air gap not less than 4 inches (102
mm) above the overflow.

.5,7 Tank drain pipes. A valved pipe shall be provided
at the lowest point of each tank to permit emptying of the
tank. The tank drain pipe shall discharge as required for
overflow pipes and shall not be smaller in size than specified
in Table 606.5.7.

TANK CAPACITY (gallons)

DRAIN PIPE (inches)

Up to 750

1

751 to 1,500

IV,

1,501 to 3,000

2

3,001 to 5,000

2V, ■

5,001 to 7,500

3

Over 7,500

4

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.

606.5.8 Prohibited location of potable supply tanks.
Potable water gravity tanks or manholes of potable water
pressure tanks shall not be located directly under any soil or
waste piping or any source of contamination.

606.5.9 Pressure tanks, vacuum relief. All water pressure
tanks shall be provided with a vacuum relief valve at the top
of the tank that will operate up to a maximum water pressure
of 200 psi (1380 kPa) and up to a maximum temperature of
200°F (93 °C). The minimum size of such vacuum relief
valve shall be 0.50 inch (12.7 mm).

Exception: This section shall not apply to pressurized
captive air diaphragm/bladder tanks.

606.5.10 Pressure relief for tanks. Everj' pressure tank in a
hydropneumatic pressure booster system shall be protected
with a pressure relief valve. The pressure relief valve shall
be set at a maximum pressure equal to the rating of the tank:.
The relief valve shall be installed on the supply pipe to the
tank or on the tank. The relief valve shall discharge by grav-
ity to a safe place of disposal.

606.6 Water supply system test. Upon completion of a section
of or the entire water supply system, the system, or portion
completed, shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.

SECTION 607
HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEIVi

607.1 Where required. In occupied structures, hot water shall
be suppUed to all plumbing fixtures and equipment utilized for
bathing, washing, culinary purposes, cleansing, laundry or
building maintenance. Tempered water shall be delivered from I
accessible hand-washing facilities. I

Exception: In nonresidential occupancies, hot water or
tempered water shall be supplied for bathing and washing
purposes. This shall not apply to accessible hand- washing I
facilities. |

607.2 Hot water supply temperature maintenance. Where
the developed length of hot water piping from the source of hot
water supply to the farthest fixture exceeds 100 feet (30 480
mm), the hot water supply system shall be provided with a

42

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

607.2.1 - 608.8.3

method of maintaining the temperature of hot water to within
100 feet (30 480 mm) of the fixtures. The methods of maintain-
ing energy efficiency shall be in accordance with the Interna-
tional Energy Conservation Code.

607.2.1 Piping insulation. Piping in required return circu-
lation systems shall be insulated to provide a thermal re-
sistance, R, excluding film resistances, of

t -t . _ _

(Equation 6-1)

R=

25

(hr.)(ft.')°F

/Btu

For SI: R = [r, - 1, (0.0304)K • m^JAV

where:

tj - 1„ = The design temperature differential between the
water in the pipe and the surrounding air in degrees
Fahrenheit.

Exception: Pipe insulation is not required where f, - 1„ is
25°F(14°C)orless.

607.2.2 Pump operation. Where a circulating pump is in-
stalled on a return circulation hot water system, the pump
shall be arranged to shut off automatically or to allow man-
ual shutoff when the hot water system is not in operation.

607.3 Thermal expansion control. A means of controlling in-
creased pressure caused by thermal expansion shall be pro-
vided where required in accordance with Sections 607.3.1 and
607.3.2.

607.3.1 Pressure-reducing valve. For water service system
sizes up to and including 2 inches (5 1 mm), a device for con-
troUing pressure shall be installed where, because of ther-
mal expansion, the pressure on the downstream side of a
pressure-reducing valve exceeds the main supply pressure.
A pressure-reducing valve with an integral bypass check
valve or other device shall be installed to satisfy this require-
ment.

607.3.2 Backflow prevention device or check valve.

Where a backflow prevention device, check valve or other
device is installed on a water supply system utilizing storage
water heating equipment such that thermal expansion
causes an increase in pressure, a device for controlling pres-
sure shall be installed.

607.4 Hot water supply to fixtures. The hot water supply to
any fixture shall be installed on the left side of the fixture.

SECTION 608
PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY

608.1 General. A potable water supply system shall be de-
signed, installed and maintained in such a manner so as to pre-
vent contamination from nonpotable liquids, solids or gases
being introduced into the potable water supply through
cross-connections or any other piping connections to the sys-
tem. Backflow preventer applications shall conform to Table
608.1, except as specifically stated in Sections 608.2 through
608.16.9.

608.2 Plumbing fixtures. The supply lines or fittings for every
plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to prevent backflow.

608.3 Devices, appurtenances, appliances and apparatus.

All devices, appurtenances, appliances and apparatus intended
to serve some special function, such as sterilization, distilla-
tion, processing, cooling, or storage of ice or foods, and that
connect to the water supply system, shall be provided with pro-
tection against backflow and contamination of the water supply
system. Water pumps, filters, softeners, tanks and all other ap-
pliances and devices that handle or treat potable water shall be
protected against contamination.

608.3.1 Special equipment, water supply protection. The

water supply for hospital fixtures shall be protected against
backflow with a reduced pressure principle backflow
preventer, an atmospheric or spill-proof vacuum breaker, or
an air gap. Vacuum breakers for bedpan washer hoses shall
not be located less than 5 feet (1524 mm) above the floor.
Vacuum breakers for hose connections in health care or lab-
oratory areas shall not be less than 6 feet (1829 mm) above
the floor.

608.4 Water service piping. Water service piping shall be pro-
tected in accordance with Sections 603.2 and 603.2.1.

608.5 Chemicals and other substances. Chemicals and other
substances that produce either toxic conditions, taste, odor or
discoloration in a potable water system shall not be introduced
into, or utilized in, such systems.

608.6 Cross-connection control. Cross connections shall be
prohibited, except where approved protective devices are in-
stalled.

608.6.1 Private water supplies. Cross connections be-
tween a private water supply and a potable public supply
shall be prohibited.

608.7 Stop-and-waste valves prohibited. Combination
stop-and-waste valves or cocks shall not be installed under-
ground.

608.8 Identification of potable and nonpotable water. In

buildings where two or more water distribution systems, one
potable water and the other nonpotable water, are installed,
each system shall be identified either by color marking or metal
tags in accordance with Sections 608.8.1 through 608.8.3, un-
less otherwise approved by the code official.

608.8.1 Information. Pipe identification shall include the
contents of the piping system and an arrow indicating the di-
rection of flow. Hazardous piping systems shall also contain
information addressing the nature of the hazard. Pipe identi-
fication shall be repeated at maximum intervals of 25 feet
(7620 mm) and at each point where the piping passes
through a wall, floor or roof. Lettering shall be readily ob-
servable within the room or space the piping is located.

608.8.2 Color. The color of the pipe identification shall be
discemable and consistent throughout the building.

608.8.3 Size. The size of the background color field and let-
tering shall comply with Table 608.8.3.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

43

TABLE 608.1

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

TABLE 608.1
APPLICATION FOR BACKFLOW PREVENTERS

DEVICE

DEGREE OF HAZARD^

application"

APPLICABLE STANDARDS

Air gap

High or low hazard

Backsiphonage or backpressure

ASMEAl 12.1.2

Antisiphon-type water closet flush tank
ball cock

Low hazard

Backsiphonage only

ASSE 1002
CSACAN/B125

Barometric loop

High or low hazard

Backsiphonage only

(See Section 608.13.4)

Reduced pressure principle backflow preventer

High or low hazard

Backpressure or backsiphonage
Sizes ^/g"-16"

ASSE 1013

AWWAC511

CSA CAN/CSA-B64.4

Reduced pressure detector assembly backflow
preventer

High or low hazard

Backsiphonage or backpressure
(Fire sprinkler systems)

ASSE 1047

Double check backflow prevention assembly

Low hazard

Backpressure or backsiphonage
Sizes %"-16"

ASSE 1015
AWWAC510

Double check detector assembly backflow
preventer

Low hazard

Backpressure or backsiphonage
(Fire sprinkler systems)
Sizes 1V2"-16"

ASSE 1048

Dual-check- valve-type backflow preventer

Low hazard

Backpressure or backsiphonage
Sizes V/'-l"

ASSE 1024

Backflow preventer with intermediate
atmospheric vents

Low hazard

Backpressure or backsiphonage
Sizes V4"-3/4"

ASSE 1012

CSA CAN/CSA-B64.3

Dual-check- valve-type backflow preventer for
carbonated beverage dispensers/post mix type

Low hazard

Backpressure or backsiphonage
Sizes V/'-Vg"

ASSE 1032

Pipe-applied atmospheric-type vacuum breaker

High or low hazard

Backsiphonage only
Sizes 'U"-A"

ASSE 1001
CSACAN/CSA-B64.1.1

Pressure vacuum breaker assembly

High or low hazard

Backsiphonage only
Sizes Vj"-!"

ASSE 1020

Hose-connection vacuum breaker

High or low hazard

Low head backpressure or

backsiphonage

Sizes V2", %", 1"

ASSE 1011

CSA CAN/CSA-B64.2

Vacuum breaker wall hydrants, frost-resistant,
automatic draining type

High or low hazard

Low head backpressure or

backsiphonage

Sizes V4", 1"

ASSE 1019

CSA CAN/CSA-B64.2.2

Laboratory faucet backflow preventer

High or low hazard

Low head backpressure and
backsiphonage

ASSE 1035
CSA B64.7

Hose connection backflow preventer

High or low hazard

Low head backpressure, rated
working pressure backpressure or
backsiphonage
Sizes V2"-l"

ASSE 1052

Spillproof vacuum breaker

High or low hazard

Backsiphonage only
Sizes V4"-2"

ASSE 1056

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. Low hazard — See Pollution (Section 202).
High hazard — See Contamination (Section 202).

b. See Backpressure (Section 202).

See Backpressure, low head (Section 202).
See Backsiphonage (Section 202).

2000 SNTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

TABLE 608.8.3 - 608.15.4

TABLE 608.8.3
SIZE OF PIPE IDENTIFICATION

PIPE DIAMETER
(inches)

LENGTH OF

BACKGROUND COLOR FIELD

(inches)

SIZE OF
LETTERS
(inches)

V4tOlV4

8

0.5

IV, to 2

8

0.75

2V, to 6

12

1.25

8 to 10

24

2.5

over 10

32

3.5

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

608.9 Reutilization prohibited. Water utilized for the cooling
of equipment or other processes shall not be returned to the po-
table water system. Such water shall be discharged into a drain-
age system through an air gap or shall be utilized for
nonpotable purposes.

608.10 Reuse of piping. Piping that has been utilized for any
purpose other than conveying potable water shall not be uti-
hzed for conveying potable water.

608.11 Painting of water tanks. The interior surface of a pota-
ble water tank shall not be lined, painted or repaired with any
material that changes the taste, odor, color or potabiUty of the
water supply when the tank is placed in, or returned to, service.

608.12 Pumps and other appliances. Water pumps, filters,
softeners, tanks and all other devices that handle or treat pota-
ble water shall be protected against contamination.

608.13 Backflow protection. Means of protection against
backflow shall be provided in accordance with Sections
608.13.1 through 608.13.9.

608.13.1 Air gap. The minimum required air gap shall be
measured vertically from the lowest end of a potable water
outlet to the flood level rim of the fixture or receptacle into
which such potable water outlet discharges.

608.13.2 Reduced pressure principle backflow
preventers. Reduced pressure principle backflow
preventers shall conform to ASSE 1013, AWWA C511 or
CSA CAN/CSA-B64.4. Reduced pressure detector assem-
bly backflow preventers shall conform to ASSE 1047.
These devices shall be permitted to be installed where sub-
ject to continuous pressure conditions. The relief opening
shall discharge by air gap and shall be prevented from being
submerged.

608.13.3 Backflow preventer with intermediate atmo-
spheric vent. Backflow preventers with intermediate atmo-
spheric vents shall conform to ASSE 1012 or CSA
CAN/CS A-B64.4. These devices shall be permitted to be in-
stalled where subject to continuous pressure conditions. The
relief opening shall discharge by air gap and shall be pre-
vented from being submerged.

608.13.4 Barometric loop. Barometric loops shall precede
the point of connection and shall extend vertically to a
height of 35 feet (10 668 mm). A barometric loop shall only
be utilized as an atmospheric-type or pressure-type vacuum
breaker.

608.13.5 Pressure-type vacuum breakers. Pressure-type
vacuum breakers shall conform to ASSE 1020 and
spillproof vacuum breakers shall comply with ASSE 1056.
These devices are designed for installation under continu-
ous pressure conditions when the critical level is installed at
the required height. Pressure-type vacuum breakers shall
not be installed in locations where spillage could cause
damage to the structure.

608.13.6 Atmospheric-type vacuum breakers. Pipe-ap-
pUed atmospheric-type vacuum breakers shall conform to
ASSE 1001 or CSA CAN/CS A-B64. 1.1. Hose-connection
vacuum breakers shall conform to ASSE 1011, ASSE 1019,
ASSE 1035, ASSE 1052, CSA CAN/CSA-B64.2, CSA
CAN/CSA-B64.2.2 or CSA B64.7. These devices shall op-
erate under normal atmospheric pressure when the critical
level is installed at the required height.

608.13.7 Double check-valve assemblies. Double
check- valve assemblies shall conform to ASSE 1015 or
AWWA C510. Double-detector check- valve assemblies
shall conform to ASSE 1 048. These devices shall be capable
of operating under continuous pressure conditions.

608.13.8 Spillproof vacuum breakers. Spillproof vacuum
breakers (SVB) shall conform to ASSE 1056. These devices
are designed for installation under continuous-pressure
conditions when the critical level is installed at the required
height.

608.13.9 Chemical dispenser backflow devices.

Backflow devices for chemical dispensers shall comply
with ASSE 1055.

608.14 Location of backflow preventers. Access shall be pro-
vided to backflow preventers as specified by the installation in-
structions of the approved manufacturer.

608.14.1 Outdoor enclosures for backflow prevention
devices. Outdoor enclosures for backflow prevention de-
vices shall comply with ASSE 1060.

608.15 Protection of potable water outlets. All potable water
openings and outlets shall be protected against backflow in ac-
cordance with Section 608.15.1, 608.15.2, 608.15.3, 608.15.4,
608.15.4.1, 608.15.4.2 or 608.15.4.3.

608.15.1 Protection by air gap. Openings and outlets shall
be protected by an air gap between the opening and the fix-
ture flood level rim as specified in Table 608. 1 5.1. Openings
and outlets equipped for hose connection shall be protected
by means other than an air gap.

608.15.2 Protection by a reduced pressure principle
backflow preventer. Openings and outlets shall be pro-
tected by a reduced pressure principle backflow preventer.

608.15.3 Protection by a backflow preventer with inter-
mediate atmospheric vent. Openings and outlets shall be
protected by a backflow preventer with an intermediate at-
mospheric vent.

608.15.4 Protection by a vacuum breaker. Openings and
outlets shall be protected by atmospheric-type or pres-
sure-type vacuum breakers. The critical level of the vacuum
breaker shall be set a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) above
the flood level rim of the fixture or device. Ball cocks shall

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

45

TABLE 608.15.1 -608.16.4.1

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

TABLE 608.15.1
MINIMUM REQUIRED AIR GAPS

FIXTURE

MINIMUM AIR GAP

Away from a wall^ (inches)

Close to a wall (inches)

Lavatories and other fixtures with effective opening not greater than 0.5 inch in diameter

1

1.5

Sink, laundry trays, gooseneck back faucets and other fixtures with effective openings
not greater than 0.75 inch in diameter

1.5

2.5

Over-rim bath fillers and odier fixtures with effective openings not greater than 1 inch in
diameter

2

3

Drinking water fountains, single orifice not greater than Vjg inch in diameter or
multiple orifices with a total area of 0. 150 square inch (area of circle ^/, 5 inch in
diameter)

1

1.5

Effective openings greater than 1 inch

Two times the diameter
of the effective opening

Three times the diameter
of the effective opening

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. Applicable where walls or obstructions are spaced from the nearest inside edge of the spout opening a distance greater than three times the diameter of the effec-
tive opening for a single wall, or a distance greater than four times the diameter of the effective opening for two intersecting walls.

be set in accordance with Section 425 .4.1. Vacuum breakers
shall not be installed under exhaust hoods or similar loca-
tions that will contain toxic fumes or vapors. Pipe-applied
vacuum breakers shall be installed not less than 6 inches
(152 mm) above the flood level rim of the fixture, receptor
or device served.

S.4.1 Deck-moented and Integral vacuum
breakers. Approved deck-mounted or equip-
ment-mounted vacuum breakers and faucets with inte-
gral atmospheric or spillproof vacuum breakers shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions and the requirements for labeling with the critical
level not less than 1 inch (25 mm) above the flood level
rim.

LIS.4.2 Hose coimections. Sillcocks, hose bibbs,
wall hydrants and other openings with a hose connection
shall be protected by an atmospheric-type or pres-
sure-type vacuum breaker or a permanently attached
hose coimection vacuum breaker.

Exceptions:

1. This section shall not apply to water heater and
boiler drain valves that are provided with hose
connection threads and that are intended only
for tank or vessel draining.

2. This section shall not apply to water supply
valves intended for connection of clothes wash-
ing machines where backflow prevention is
otherwise provided or is integral with the ma-
chine.

608.15.4.3 Fittings with hose-conmected outlets.
Plumbing fixture fittings with hose-connected outlets
shall have backflow protection in compliance with
ASMEA112.18.3.

608.16 Connections to the potahSe water system. Coimec-
tions to the potable water system shall conform to Sections
608.16.1 through 608.16.9.

5.1 Beverage dispensers. The water supply connec-
tion to carbonated beverage dispensers shall be protected

against backflow by a double check valve with an intermedi-
ate atmospheric vent conforming to ASSE 1012 or ASSE
1022. The double check valve with an intermediate atmo-
spheric vent device and the piping downstream therefrom
shall not be affected by carbon dioxide gas. Secondary pro-
tection in the form of a dual check valve conforming to
ASSE 1032 shall be installed on the beverage-dispensing
equipment.

608.16.2 Connections to boilers. The potable supply to the
boiler shall be equipped with a backflow preventer with an
intennediate atmospheric vent complying with ASSE 1012
or CSA CAN/CSA B64.3. Where conditioning chemicals
are introduced into the system, the potable water connection
shall be protected by an air gap or a reduced pressure princi-
ple backflow preventer, complying with ASSE 1013, CSA
CAN/CSA B64.4 or AWWA C5 1 1 .

608.16.3 Heat exchangers. Heat exchangers utilizing an
essentially toxic transfer fluid shall be separated from the
potable water by double- wall construction. An air gap open
to the atmosphere shall be provided between the two walls.
Heat exchangers utilizing an essentially nontoxic transfer
fluid shall be permitted to be of single-wall construction.

608.16.4 Connections to automatic fire sprinkler sys-
tems and standpipe systems. The potable water supply to
automatic fire sprinkler and standpipe systems shall be pro-
tected against backflow by a double check- valve assembly
or a reduced pressure principle backflow preventer.

Exceptions:

1 . Where systems are installed as a portion of the wa-
ter distribution system in accordance with the re-
quirements of this code and are not provided with a
fire department connection, isolation of the water
supply system shall not be required.

2. Isolation of the water distribution system is not re-
quired for deluge, preaction or dry pipe systems.

608.16.4.1 Additives or nonpotabie source. Where sys-
tems contain chemical additives or antifreeze, or where
systems are connected to a nonpotabie secondary water

46

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

608.16.5-608.17.7

•

supply, the potable water supply shall be protected
against backflow by a reduced pressure principle
backflow preventer. Where chemical additives or anti-
freeze are added to only a portion of an automatic fire
sprinkler or standpipe system, the reduced pressure prin-
ciple backflow preventer shall be permitted to be located
so as to isolate that portion of the system.

5.16.5 Connections to lawn irrigation systems. The

potable water supply to lawn irrigation systems shall be
protected against backflow by an atmospheric-type vac-
uum breaker, a pressure-type vacuum breaker or a reduced
pressure principle backflow preventer. A valve shall not be
installed downstream from an atmospheric vacuum
breaker. Where chemicals are introduced into the system,
the potable water supply shall be protected against
backflow by a reduced pressure principle backflow
preventer.

608.16.6 Connections subject to backpressure. Where a
potable water connection is made to a nonpotable line, fix-
ture, tank, vat, pump or other equipment subject to back-
pressure, the potable water connection shall be protected by
a reduced pressure principle backflow preventer.

.16.7 Chemical dispensers. Where chemical dispens-
ers connect to the potable water distribution system, the wa-
ter supply system shall be protected against backflow in
accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, 608.13.3,
608.13.5, 608.13.6, 608.13.8 or 608.13.9.

608.16.8 Portable cleaning equipment. Where the porta-
ble cleaning equipment connects to the water distribution
system, the water supply system shall be protected against
backflow in accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2,
608.13.3, 608.13.7 or 608.13.8.

608.16.9 Dental pump equipment. Where dental pumping
equipment connects to the water distribution system, the
water supply system shall be protected against backflow in
accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.5, 608.13.6 or
608.13.8.

•

$.17 Protection of individual water supplies. An individ-
ual water supply shall be located and constructed so as to be
safeguarded against contamination in accordance with Sec-
tions 608.17.1 through 608.17.8.

608.17.1 Well locations. A potable ground water source or
pump suction Une shall not be located closer to potential
sources of contamination than the distances shown in Table
608. 17. 1 . In the event the underlying rock structure is hme-
stone or fragmented shale, the local or state health depart-
ment shall be consulted on well site location. The distances
in Table 608.17.1 constitute minimum separation and shall
be increased in areas of creviced rock or limestone, or where
the direction of movement of the ground water is from
sources of contamination toward the well.

608.17.2 Elevation. Well sites shall be positively drained
and shall be at higher elevations than potential sources of
contamination.

TABLE 608.17.1

DISTANCE FROM SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION TO

PRIVATE WATER SUPPLIES AND PUMP SUCTION LINES

SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION

DISTANCE (feet)

Bamyard

100

Farm silo

25

Pasture

100

Pumphouse floor drain of cast iron
draining to ground surface

2

Seepage pits

50

Septic tank

25

Sewer

10

Subsurface disposal fields

50

Subsurface pits

50

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

608.17.3 Depth. Private potable well supplies shall not be
developed from a water table less than 10 feet (3048 mm)
below the ground surface.

608.17.4 Water-tight casings. Each well shall be provided
with a water-tight casing to a minimum distance of 10 feet
(3048 mm) below the ground surface. All casings shall ex-
tend at least 6 inches (152 mm) above the well platform. The
casing shall be large enough to permit installation of a sepa-
rate drop pipe. Casings shall be sealed at the bottom in an
impermeable stratum or extend several feet into the wa-
ter-bearing stratum.

608.17.5 Drilled or driven well casings. Drilled or driven
well casings shall be of steel or other approved material.
Where drilled wells extend into a rock formation, the well
casing shall extend to and set firmly in the formation. The
annular space between the earth and the outside of the cas-
ing shall be filled with cement grout to a minimum distance
of 10 feet (3048 mm) below the ground surface. In an in-
stance of casing to rock installation, the grout shall extend to
the rock surface.

608.17.6 Dug or bored well casings. Dug or bored well
casings shall be of water-tight concrete, tile, or galvanized
or corrugated metal pipe to a minimum distance of 10 feet
(3048 mm) below the ground surface. Where the water table
is more than 10 feet (3048 mm) below the ground surface,
the water-tight casing shall extend below the table surface.
Well casings for dug wells or bored wells constructed with
sections of concrete, tile, or galvanized or corrugated metal
pipe shall be surrounded by 6 inches (152 mm) of grout
poured into the hole between the outside of the casing and
the ground to a minimum depth of 10 feet (3048 mm).

608.17.7 Cover. Every potable water well shall be equipped
with an overlapping water-tight cover at the top of the casing
well or pipe sleeve such that contaminated water or other
substances are prevented from entering the well through the

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

47

608.17.8-612.1

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

annular opening at the top of the well casing, wall or pipe
sleeve. Covers shall extend downward at least 2 inches (51
mm) over the outside of the well casing or wall. A dug well
cover shall be provided with a pipe sleeve permitting the
withdrawal of the pump suction pipe, cyhnder or jet body
without disturbing the cover. Where pump sections or dis-
charge pipes enter or leave a well through the side of the cas-
ing, the circle of contact shall be water tight.

J,17.8 Drainage. All potable water wells and springs
shall be constructed such that surface drainage will be di-
verted away from the well or spring.

HEALTH CARE PLUMBING

.1 Scope, This section shall govern those aspects of health
care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing systems in
other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform
to the requirements of this section in addition to the other re-
quirements of this code. The provisions of this section shall ap-
ply to the special devices and equipment installed and
maintained in the following occupancies: nursing homes,
homes for the aged, orphanages, infirmaries, first aid stations,
psychiatric facilities, clinics, professional offices of dentists
and doctors, mortuaries, educational facilities, surgery, den-
tistry, research and testing laboratories, establishments manu-
facturing pharmaceutical drugs and medicines, and other
structures with similar apparatus and equipment classified as
plumbing.

.2 Water service. All hospitals shall have two water service
pipes installed in such a manner so as to minimize the potential
for an interruption of the supply of water in the event of a water
main or water service pipe failure.

water. Hot water shall be provided to supply all of
the hospital fixture, kitchen and laundry requirements. Special
fixtures and equipment shall have hot water supplied at a tem-
perature specified by the manufacturer. The hot water system
shall be installed in accordance with Section 607.

T>A Vacuum breaker installation. Vacuum breakers shall
be installed a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) above the flood
level rim of the fixture or device in accordance with Section
608. The flood level rim of hose connections shall be the maxi-
mum height at which any hose is utilized.

609.5 Prohibited water closet and clinical sink supply, Jet-
or water-supphed orifices, except those supplied by the flush
connections, shall not be located in or connected with a water
closet bowl or clinical sink. This section shall not prohibit an
approved bidet installation.

609.6 Clinical, Iiydrotherapeetic and radiological equip-
ment. All clinical, hydrotherapeutic, radiological or any equip-
ment that is supplied with water or that discharges to the waste
system shall conform to the requirements of this section and
Section 608.

J>.7 Condensate drain trap seal. A water supply shall be
provided for cleaning, flushing and resealing the condensate
trap, and the trap shall discharge through an air gap in accor-
dance with Section 608.

609.8 Valve leakage diverter. Each water sterilizer filled with
water through directly connected piping shall be equipped with
an approved leakage diverter or bleed line on the water supply
control valve to indicate and conduct any leakage of unsterile
water away from the sterile zone.

SECTION 610
DISINFECTION OF POTABLE WATER SYSTEM

610.1 General. New or repaired potable water systems shall be
purged of deleterious matter and disinfected prior to utilization.
The method to be followed shall be that prescribed by the
health authority or water purveyor having jurisdiction or, in the
absence of a prescribed method, the procedure described in ei-
ther AWWA C65 1 or AWWA C652, or as described in this sec-
tion. This requirement shall apply to "on-site" or "in-plant"
fabrication of a system or to a modular portion of a system.

1 . The pipe system shall be flushed with clean, potable wa-
ter until dirty water does not appear at the points of outlet.

2. The system or part thereof shall be filled with a wa-
ter/chlorine solution containing at least 50 parts per mil-
lion (50 mg/L) of chlorine, and the system or part thereof
shall be valved off and allowed to stand for 24 hours; or
the system or part thereof shall be filled with a wa-
ter/chlorine solution containing at least 200 parts per mil-
lion (200 mg/L) of chlorine and allowed to stand for 3
hours.

3 . Following the required standing time, the system shall be
flushed with clean potable water until the chlorine is
purged from the system.

4. The procedure shall be repeated where shown by a bacte-
riological examination that contamination remains pres-
ent in the system.

SECTION 611
DRINKING WATER TREATMENT UNITS

611.1 Design. Drinking water treatment units shall meet the re-
quirements of NSF 42, NSF 44, NSF 53 or NSF 62.

611.2 Reverse osmosis systems. The discharge from a reverse
osmosis drinking water treatment unit shall enter the drainage
system through an air gap or an air gap device that meets the
requirements of NSF 58.

611.3 Connection tubing. The tubing to and from drinking
water treatment units shall be of a size and material as recom-
mended by the manufacturer. The tubing shall comply with

NSF 14, NSF 42, NSF 44, NSF 53, NSF 58 or NSF 61.

SECTION 612
SOLAR SYSTEMS

612.1 Solar systems. The construction, installation, alterations
and repair of systems, equipment and appliances intended to
utilize solar energy for space heating or cooling, domestic hot
water heating, swimming pool heating or process heating shall
be in accordance with the International Mechanical Code.

48

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

CHAPTER 7

SANITARY DRAINAGE

SECTION 701
GENERAL

701.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
materials, design, construction and installation of sanitary
drainage systems.

701.2 Sewer required. Every building in which plumbing fix-
tures are installed and all premises having drainage piping shall
be connected to a public sewer, where available, or an approved
private sewage disposal system in accordance with the Interna-
tional Private Sewage Disposal Code.

701.3 Separate sewer connection. Every building having
plumbing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation,
occupancy or use on premises abutting on a street, alley or ease-
ment in which there is a pubhc sewer shall have a separate con-
nection with the sewer. Where located on the same lot, multiple
buildings shall not be prohibited from connecting to a common
building sewer that connects to the public sewer.

701.4 Sewage treatment. Sewage or other waste from a
plumbing system that is deleterious to surface or subsurface
waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into any wa-
terway unless it has first been rendered innocuous through sub-
jection to an approved form of treatment.

701.5 Damage to drainage system or public sewer. Wastes
detrimental to the public sewer system or to the functioning of
the sewage-treatment plant shall be treated and disposed of in
accordance with Section 1003 as directed by the code official.

701.6 Tests. The sanitary drainage system shall be tested in ac-
cordance with Section 312.

701.7 Connections. Direct connection of a steam exhaust,
blowoff or drip pipe shall not be made with the building drain-
age system. Wastewater when discharged into the building
drainage system shall be at a temperature not higher than 140°F
(60°C). When higher temperatures exist, approved cooling
methods shall be provided.

701.8 Engineered systems. Engineered sanitary drainage sys-
tems shall conform to the provisions of Sections 105.4 and 714.

SECTION 702
MATERIALS

702.1 Above-ground sanitary drainage and vent pipe.

Above-ground soil, waste and vent pipe shall conform to one of
the standards listed in Table 702. 1 .

702.2 Underground building sanitary drainage and vent
pipe. Underground building sanitary drainage and vent pipe
shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 702.2.

702.3 Building sewer pipe. Building sewer pipe shall conform
to one of the standards listed in Table 702.3.

702.4 Fittings. Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation
with the piping material installed and shall conform to the re-
spective pipe standards or one of the standards listed in Table
702.4.

702.5 Chemical waste system. A chemical waste system shall
be completely separated from the sanitary drainage system.
The chemical waste shall be treated in accordance with Section
803.2 before discharging to the sanitary drainage system. Sepa-
rate drainage systems for chemical wastes and vent pipes shall
be of an approved material that is resistant to corrosion and
degradation for the concentrations of chemicals involved.

TABLE 702.1
ABOVE-GROUND DRAINAGE AND VENT PIPE

MATERIAL

STANDARD

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS) plastic pipe

ASTM D 2661;
ASTM F 628;
CSAB181.1

Brass pipe

ASTM B 43

Cast-iron pipe

ASTM A 74;
CISPI301;
ASTM A 888

Coextruded composite ABS DWV
Schedule 40 IPS pipe (solid)

ASTM F 1488

Coextruded composite ABS DWV
Schedule 40 IPS pipe (cellular core)

ASTM F 1488

Coextruded composite PVC DWV
Schedule 40 IPS pipe (soUd)

ASTM F 1488

Coextruded composite PVC DWV
Schedule 40 IPS pipe (cellular core)

ASTM F 1488, ASTM F
891

Coextruded composite PVC IPS-DR,
PS140,PS200DWV

ASTM F 1488

Copper or copper-alloy pipe

ASTM B 42;
ASTM B 302

Copper or copper-alloy tubing
(Type K, L, M or DWV)

ASTM B 75;
ASTM B 88;
ASTM B 251;
ASTM B 306

Galvanized steel pipe

ASTM A 53

Glass pipe

ASTM C 1053

Polyolefin pipe

CSACAN/CSA-B181.3

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe
(Type DWV)

ASTM D 2665;
ASTM D 2949;
CSA CAN/CSA-
B181.2; ASTM F 1488

Stainless steel drainage systems,
Types 304 and 3 16L

ASMEA112.3.1

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

49

TABLE 702.2 - TABLE 702.3

SANITARY DRAINAGE

TABLE 702.2
UNDERGROUND BUILDING DRAINAGE AND VENT PIPE

TABLE 702.3
BUILDING SEWER PIPE

MATERIAL

STANDARD

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS) plastic pipe

ASTMD2661;
ASTM F 628;
CSAB181.1

Asbestos-cement pipe

ASTM C 428

Cast-iron pipe

ASTMA74;CISPI301;
ASTM A 888

Coextruded composite ABS DWV
Schedule 40 IPS pipe (solid)

ASTM F 1488

Coextruded composite ABS DWV
Schedule 40 IPS pipe (cellular core)

ASTM F 1488

Coextruded composite PVC DWV
Schedule 40 IPS pipe (solid)

ASTM F 1488

Coextruded composite PVC DWV
Schedule 40 IPS pipe (cellular core)

ASTM F 1488

Coextruded composite PVC IPS-DR,
PS140,PS200DWV

ASTM F 1488

Copper or copper alloy tubing
(TypeK,L,MorDWV)

ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88;
ASTM B 251;
ASTM B 306

Polyolefm pipe

CSACAN/CSA-B181.3

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe
(Type DWV)

ASTM D 2665;
ASTM D 2949;
CSACAN/CSA-B181.2

Stainless steel drainage systems,
Type316L

ASME/ANSIA112.3.1

MATERIAL

STANDARD

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS) plastic pipe

ASTM D 2661 ; ASTM D 275 1 ;
ASTM F 628

Asbestos-cement pipe

ASTM C 428

Cast-iron pipe

ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CISPI 301

Coextruded composite ABS
DWV Schedule 40 IPS pipe
(solid)

ASTM F 1488

Coextruded composite ABS
DWV Schedule 40 IPS pipe
(cellular core)

ASTM F 1488

Coextruded composite PVC
DWV Schedule 40 IPS pipe
(solid)

ASTM F 1488

Coextruded composite PVC
DWV Schedule 40 IPS pipe
(cellular core)

ASTM F 1488, ASTM F 891

Coextruded composite PVC IPS
DR-PS DWV, PS 140, PS200

ASTM F 1488

Coextruded composite ABS
sewer and drain DR-PS in
PS35,PS50,PS100,PS140,
PS200

ASTM F 1488

Coextruded composite PVC
sewer and drain DR-PS in
PS35,PS50,PS100,PS140,
PS200

ASTM F 1488

Coextruded PVC sewer and
drain -PS25,PS50, PS 100
(cellular core)

ASTM F 891

Concrete pipe

ASTM C 14; ASTM C 76;

CSAA257.1M;

CSA CAN/CSA A257.2M

Copper or copper-alloy tubing
(Type K or L)

ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88;
ASTM B 251

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe (Type DWV,
SDR26, SDR35, SDR41,
PSSOorPSlOO)

ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 2949;
ASTM D 3034; CSA B182.2;
CSA CAN/CSA-B 182.4

Stainless steel drainage systems,
Type316L

ASMEA112.3.1

Vitrified clay pipe

ASTM C 4; ASTM C 700

50

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

SANITARY DRAINAGE

TABLE 702.4 - 705.2.1

TABLE 702.4
PIPE FITTINGS

MATERIAL

STANDARD

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS) plastic pipe

ASTMD3311;CSAB181.1;
ASTM D 2661

Cast iron

ASME B 16.4; ASME B 16.12;
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CISPI 301

Coextruded composite ABS
DWV Schedule 40 IPS pipe
(solid or cellular core)

ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 331 1;
ASTM F 628

Coextruded composite PVC
DWV Schedule 40 IPS-DR,
PS 140, PS 200
(solid or cellular core)

ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 3311;
ASTM F 891

Coextruded composite ABS
sewer and drain DR-PS in
PS 35, PS 50, PS 100, PS 140,
PS 200

ASTM D 2751

Coextruded composite PVC
sewer and drain DR-PS
in PS 35, PS 50, PS 100,
PS 140, PS 200

ASTM D 3034

Copper or copper alloy

ASMEB 16.15; ASME B
16.18; ASME B 16.22;
ASME B 16.23;
ASMEB 16.26;
ASME B 16.29

Glass

ASTM C 1053

Gray iron and ductile iron

AWWACllO

Malleable iron

ASME B 16.3

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic

ASTM D 33 1 1 ; ASTM D 2665

Stainless steel drainage systems,
Types 304 and 3 16L

ASME A 112.3.1

Steel

ASME B 16.9; ASME B 16.1 1;
ASMEB 16.28

SECTION 703
BUILDING SEWER

703.1 Building sewer pipe near the water service. Where the
building sewer is installed within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the water
service, as provided for in Section 603.2, the building sewer
pipe shall conform to one of the standards for ABS plastic pipe,
cast-iron pipe, copper or copper-alloy tubing, or PVC plastic
pipe listed in Table 702.3.

703.2 Drainage pipe in filled ground. Where a building sewer
or building drain is installed on filled or unstable ground, the
drainage pipe shall conform to one of the standards for ABS
plastic pipe, cast-iron pipe, copper or copper-alloy tubing, or
PVC plastic pipe listed in Table 702.3.

703.3 Sanitary and storm sewers. Where separate systems of
sanitary drainage and storm drainage are installed in the same
property, the sanitary and storm building sewers or drains shall
be permitted to be laid side by side in one trench.

703.4 Existing building sewers and drains. Existing building
sewers and drains shall connect with new building sewer and
drainage systems only where found by examination and test to
conform to the new system in quality of material. The code offi-
cial shall notify the owner to make the changes necessary to
conform to this code.

703.5 Cleanouts on building sewers. Cleanouts on building
sewers shall be located as set forth in Section 708.

SECTION 704
DRAINAGE PIPING INSTALLATION

704.1 Slope of horizontal drainage piping. Horizontal drain-
age piping shall be installed in uniform alignment at uniform
slopes. The minimum slope of a horizontal drainage pipe shall
be in accordance with Table 704.1 .

TABLE 704.1
SLOPE OF HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE PIPE

SIZE (inches)

MINIMUM SLOPE (Inch per foot)

2V2 or less

X

3 to 6

\

8 or larger

v„

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, I inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m.

704.2 Change in size. The size of the drainage piping shall not
be reduced in size in the direction of the flow. A 4-inch by
3 -inch (102 mm by 76 mm) water closet coimection shall not be
considered as a reduction in size.

704.3 Connections to offsets and bases of stacks. Horizontal
branches shall connect to the bases of stacks at a point located
not less than 10 times the diameter of the drainage stack down-
stream from the stack. Except as prohibited by Section 71 1.2,
horizontal branches shall connect to horizontal stack offsets at
a point located not less than 10 times the diameter of the drain-
age stack downstream from the upper stack.

704.4 Future fixtures. Drainage piping for future fixtures shall
terminate with an approved cap or plug.

704.5 Dead ends. In the installation or removal of any part of a
drainage system, dead ends shall be prohibited. Cleanout ex-
tensions and approved future fixture drainage piping shall not
be considered as dead ends.

SECTION 705
JOINTS

705.1 General. This section contains provisions applicable to
joints specific to sanitary drainage piping.

705.2 ABS plastic. Joints between ABS plastic pipe or fittings
shall comply with Sections 705.2.1 through 705.2.3.

705.2.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on drainage
pipes shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C 1 173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA CAN/CSA-B602.
Mechanical joints shall only be installed in underground
systems unless otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

51

705.2.2 - 705.9.5

SANITARY DRA!NAGI=

705,2o2 Solvemt cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. Solvent cement that conforms to
ASTM D 2235 or CSA B181.1 shall be appUed to all joint
surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet.
Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D 2235,
ASTM D 2661, ASTM F 628 or CSA B181.1. Solvent-ce-
ment joints shall be permitted above or below ground.

705o2.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to ASME
B 1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted to
be threaded with dies specifically designed for plastic pipe.
Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be applied on the
male threads only.

705.3 Asbestos-cement. Joints between asbestos-cement pipe
or fittings shall be made with a sleeve coupling of the same
composition as the pipe, sealed with an elastomeric ring con-
forming to ASTM D 1869.

705.4 Brass. Joints between brass pipe or fittings shall comply
with Sections 705.4.1 through 705.4.4.

705.4.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The joint
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5. 8.

705.4.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be in-
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

705.4.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to ASME
B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on
the male threads only.

705.4.4 Welded joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
The joint shall be welded with an approved filler metal.

705.5 Cast Iron. Joints between cast-iron pipe or fittings shall
comply with Sections 705.5.1 through 705.5.3.

705.5.1 Caulked joints. Joints for hub and spigot pipe shall
be firmly packed with oakum or hemp. Molten lead shall be
poured in one operation to a depth of not less than 1 inch (25
mm). The lead shall not recede more than 0.125 inch (3.2
mm) below the rim of the hub and shall be caulked tight.
Paint, varnish or other coatings shall not be permitted on the
jointing material until after the joint has been tested and ap-
proved. Lead shall be run in one pouring and shall be
caulked tight. Acid-resistant rope and acidproof cement
shall be permitted.

705.5.2 Compression gasket joints. Compression gaskets
for hub and spigot pipe and fittings shall conform to ASTM
C 564. Gaskets shall be compressed when the pipe is fully
inserted.

705.5.3 Mechanical joint coupling. Mechanical joint cou-
plings for hubless pipe and fittings shall comply with CISPI
310 or ASTM C 1277. The elastomeric sealing sleeve shall
conform to ASTM C 564 or CSA CAN/CSA B602 and shall
be provided with a center stop. Mechanical joint couplings
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's in-
stallation instructions.

705.6 Concrete joints. Joints between concrete pipe and fit-
tings shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to

ASTM C 443, ASTM C 1173, CSA-A257.3M or CSA
CAN/CSA-B602.

705.7 Coextruded composite ABS pipe, joints. Joints be-
tween coextruded composite pipe with an ABS outer layer or
ABS fittings shall comply with Sections 705.7.1 and 705.7.2.

705.7.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on drainage
pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM D 3212. Mechanical joints shall not be installed in
above-ground systems, unless otherwise approved. Joints
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's in-
structions.

705.7.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. Solvent cement that conforms to
ASTM D 2235 or CSA CAN/CSA-B181.1 shall be applied
to all joint surfaces. The joint shall be made while the ce-
ment is wet. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM
D 2235, ASTM D 2661, ASTM F 628 or CSA B 18 1.1. Sol-
vent-cement joints shall be permitted above or below
ground.

705.8 Coextruded composite PVC pipe. Joints between
coextruded composite pipe with a PVC outer layer or PVC fit-
tings shall comply with Sections 705.8.1 and 705.8.2.

705.8.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on drainage
pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM D 3212. Mechanical joints shall not be installed in
above-ground systems, unless otherwise approved. Joints
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's in-
structions.

705.8.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. A purple primer that conforms to
ASTM F 656 shall be applied. Solvent cement not purple in
color and conforming to ASTM D 2564, CSA B 137.3, CSA
B 1 8 1 .2 or CSA B 1 82. 1 shall be applied to all joint surfaces.
The joint shall be made while the cement is wet and shall be
in accordance with ASTMD 2855. Solvent-cement joints
shall be permitted above or below ground.

705.9 Copper pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy
pipe or fittings shall comply with Sections 705.9.1 through
705.9.5.

705.9.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The joint
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5.8.

705.9.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be in-
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

705.9.3 Soldered joints. Solder joints shall be made in ac-
cordance with the methods of ASTM B 828. All cut tube
ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube
end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming
to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be soldered
with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32.

705.9.4 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to ASME
B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on
the male threads only.

705.9.5 Welded joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
The joint shall be welded with an approved filler metal.

52

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

SANITARY DRAINAGE

705.10-705.16.6

•

705.10 Copper tubing. Joints between copper or copper-alloy
tubing or fittings shall comply with Sections 705.10.1 through
705.10.3.

705.10.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The joint
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5.8.

705.10.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be in-
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

705.10.3 Soldered Joints. Solder joints shall be made in ac-
cordance with the methods of ASTM B 828. All cut tube
ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube
end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming
to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be soldered
with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32.

705.11 Borosilicate glass joints. Glass-to-glass connections
shall be made with a bolted compression-type stainless steel
(300 series) coupling with contoured acid-resistant elastomeric
compression ring and a fluorocarbon polymer inner seal ring;
or with caulked joints in accordance with Section 705.11.1.

705.11.1 Caulked joints. Every lead-caulked joint for hub
and spigot soil pipe shall be firmly packed with oakum or
hemp and filled with molten lead not less than 1 inch (25
mm) deep and not to extend more than 0. 1 25 inch (3.2 mm)
below the rim of the hub. Paint, varnish or other coatings
shall not be permitted on the jointing material until after the
joint has been tested and approved. Lead shall be run in one
pouring and shall be caulked tight. Acid-resistant rope and
acidproof cement shall be permitted.

705.12 Steel. Joints between galvanized steel pipe or fittings
shall comply with Sections 705.12.1 and 705.12.2.

705.12.1 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to ASME
B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on
the male threads only.

705.12.2 Mechanical joints. Joints shall be made with an
approved elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be in-
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

705.13 Lead. Joints between lead pipe or fittings shall comply
with Sections 705.13.1 and 705.13.2.

705.13.1 Burned. Burned joints shall be uniformly fused
together into one continuous piece. The thickness of the
joint shall be at least as thick as the lead being joined. The
filler metal shall be of the same material as the pipe.

705.13.2 Wiped. Joints shall be fully wiped, with an ex-
posed surface on each side of the joint not less than 0.75 inch
(19.1 mm). The joint shall be at least 0.325 inch (9.5 mm)
thick at the thickest point.

705.14 PVC plastic. Joints between PVC plastic pipe or fit-
tings shall comply with Sections 705.14.1 through 705.14.3.

705.14.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on drainage
pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C 1173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA CAN/CSA-B602.
Mechanical joints shall not be installed in above-ground
systems, unless otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed
in accordance with the manufactiirer's instructions.

705.14.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. A purple primer that conforms to
ASTM F 656 shall be applied. Solvent cement not purple in
color and conforming to ASTM D 2564, CSA B 137.3, CSA
B 1 8 1 .2 or CSA B 1 82. 1 shall be appUed to all joint surfaces.
The joint shall be made while the cement is wet and shall be
in accordance with ASTM D 2855. Solvent-cement joints
shall be permitted above or below ground.

705.14.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be per-
mitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for
plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be ap-
plied on the male threads only.

705.15 Vitrified clay. Joints between vitrified clay pipe or fit-
tings shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C 425, ASTM C 1 173 or CSA CAN/CSA-B602.

705.16 Joints between different materials. Joints between
different piping materials shall be made with a mechanical
joint of the compression or mechanical-sealing type. Connec- ^
tors and adapters shall be approved for the application and such I
joints shall have an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM C I
425, ASTM C 443, ASTM C 564, ASTM C 1173, ASTM D
1869, ASTM F 477, CAN/CSA A257.3M or CSA CAN/CSA
B602, or as required in Sections 705.16.1 through 705.16.5.
Joints between glass pipe and other types of materials shall be
made with adapters having a TFE seal. Joints shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

705.16.1 Copper or copper-alloy tubing to cast-iron hub
pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing and
cast-iron hub pipe shall be made with a brass ferrule or com-
pression joint. The copper or copper-alloy tubing shall be
soldered to the ferrule in an approved manner, and the fer-
rule shall be joined to the cast-iron hub by a caulked joint or
a mechanical compression joint.

705.16.2 Copper or copper-alloy tubing to galvanized
steel pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing
and galvanized steel pipe shall be made with a brass con-
verter fitting or dielectric fitting. The copper tubing shall be
soldered to the fitting in an approved manner, and the fitting
shall be screwed to the threaded pipe.

705.16.3 Cast-iron pipe to galvanized steel or brass pipe.

Joints between cast-iron and galvanized steel or brass pipe
shall be made by either caulked or threaded joints or with an
approved adapter fitting.

705.16.4 Plastic pipe or tubing to other piping material.

Joints between different grades of plastic pipe or between
plastic pipe and other piping material shall be made with an
approved adapter fitting. Joints between plastic pipe and
cast-iron hub pipe shall be made by a caulked joint or a me-
chanical compression joint.

705.16.5 Lead pipe to other piping material. Joints be-
tween lead pipe and other piping material shall be made by a
wiped joint to a caulking ferrule, soldering nipple, or bush-
ing or shall be made with an approved adapter fitting.

705.16.6 Borosilicate glass to other materials. Joints be-
tween glass pipe and other types of materials shall be made

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

53

705.16.7-708.2

SANITARY DRAINAGE

with adapters having a TFE seal and shall be installed in ac-
cordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

705.16.7 Staieless steel drainage systems to other mate-
rials. Joints between stainless steel drainage systems and
other piping materials shall be made with approved me-
chanical couplings.

705.17 Draieage slip joiots. Slip joints shall comply with Sec-
tion 405.8.

705.18 Caulking ferrules. Ferrules shall be of red brass and
shall be in accordance with Table 705.18.

TABLE 705.18
CAULKDNG FERRULE SPECIFICATBONS

PIPE SIZES
(Inches)

INSIDE DIAMETER
(inches)

LENGTH
(inches)

MINIMUM WEIGHT

EACH

2

2V4

4V,

1 pound

3

3V,

4V,

1 pound 12 ounces

4

4V,

4'/,

2 pounds 8 ounces

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 ounce = 28.35 g, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.

705.19 Soldering bushings. Soldering bushings shall be of red
brass and shall be in accordance with Table 705.19.

TABLE 705.19
SOLDERBNG BUSHING SPECIFICATIONS

PIPE SIZES (inches)

MINIMUM WEIGHT EACH

IV4

6 ounces

iv.

8 ounces

2

14 ounces

2V,

1 pound 6 ounces

3

2 pounds

4

3 pounds 8 ounces

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 ounce = 28.35 g, 1 pound = 0.454 leg.

705.20 Stainless steel drainage systems. 0-ring joints for
stainless steel drainage systems shall be made with an ap-
proved elastomeric seal.

SECTIOMl 706

CONNECTIONS BETWEEN DRAINAGE

PIPING AND FITTINGS

706.1 Comnections and changes in direction. All connections
and changes in direction of the sanitary drainage system shall
be made with approved drainage fittings. Connections between
drainage piping and fixtures shall conform to Section 405.

i.2 Obstrections. The fittings shall not have ledges, shoul-
ders OT reductions capable of retarding or obstructing flow in
the piping. Threaded drainage pipe fittings shall be of the re-
cessed drainage type.

706.3 Installation of fittings. Fittings shall be installed to
guide sewage and waste in the direction of flow. Change in di-
rection shall be made by fittings installed in accordance with
Table 706.3. Change in direction by combination fittings, side
inlets or increasers shall be installed in accordance with Table

706.3 based on the pattern of flow created by the fitting. Double
sanitary tee patterns shall not receive the discharge of
back-to-back water closets and fixtures or appliances with
pumping action discharge.

SECTION 707
PROHIBITED JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

707.1 Prohibited joints. The following types of joints and con-
nections shall be prohibited:

1. Cement or concrete joints.

2. Mastic or hot-pour bituminous joints.

3. Joints made with fittings not approved for the specific in-
stallation.

4. Joints between different diameter pipes made with
elastomeric rolling 0-rings.

5. Solvent-cement joints between different types of plastic
pipe.

6. Saddle-type fittings.

TABLE 706.3
FITTINGS FOR CHANGE IN DIRECTION

TYPE OF FITTING
PATTERN

CHANGE IN DIRECTION

Horizontal to
vertical

Vertical to
horizontal

Horizontal to
horizontal

Sixteenth bend

X

X

X

Eighth bend

X

X

X

Sixth bend

X

X

X

Quarter bend

X

x^

X^

Short sweep

X

Xa,b

X^

Long sweep

X

X

X

Sanitary tee

X'^

Wye

X

X

X

Combination wye and
eighth bend

X

X

X

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. The fittings shall only be permitted for a 2-inch or smaller fixture drain.

b. Three inches and larger.

c. For a limitation on double sanitary tees, see Section 706.3.

SECTION 708
CLEANOUTS

708.1 Scope. This section shall govern the size, location, instal-
lation and maintenance of drainage pipe cleanouts.

708.2 Cleanout plugs. Cleanout plugs shall be brass or plastic,
or other approved materials. Brass cleanout plugs shall be uti-
lized with metallic drain, waste and vent piping only, and shall
conform to ASTM A 74, ASME Al 12.3.1 or ASME
Al 12.36.2. Cleanouts with plate-style access covers shall be
fitted with corrosion-resisting fasteners. Plastic cleanout plugs
shall conform to the requirements of Section 702.4. Plugs shall
have raised square or countersunk square heads. Countersunk
heads shall be installed where raised heads are a trip hazard.

•

54

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

SANITARY DRAINAGE

708.3 - 709.4

Cleanout plugs with borosilicate glass systems shall be of boro-
silicate glass.

708.3 Where required. Cleanouts shall be located in accor-
dance with Sections 708.3.1 through 708.3.5.

708.3.1 Horizontal drains within buildings. All horizon-
tal drains shall be provided with cleanouts located not more
than 100 feet (30 480 mm) apart.

708.3.2 Building sewers. Building sewers shall be provided
with cleanouts located not more than 100 feet (30 480 mm)
apart measured from the upstream entrance of the cleanout.
For building sewers 8 inches (203 mm) and larger, manholes
shall be provided and located at each change in direction and
at intervals of not more than 400 feet ( 1 22 m). Manholes and
manhole covers shall be of an approved type.

708.3.3 Changes of direction. Cleanouts shall be installed
at each change of direction of the building drain or horizon-
tal waste or soil lines greater than 45 degrees (0.79 rad).
Where more than one change of direction occurs in a run of
piping, only one cleanout shall be required for each 40 feet
(12 192 mm) of developed length of the drainage piping.

708.3.4 Base of stack. A cleanout shall be provided at the
base of each waste or soil stack.

708.3.5 Building drain and building sewer junction.

There shall be a cleanout near the junction of the building
drain and the building sewer. The cleanout shall be either in-
side or outside the building wall and shall be brought up to
the finished ground level or to the basement floor level. An
approved two-way cleanout is allowed to be used at this lo-
cation to serve as a required cleanout for both the building
drain and building sewer. The cleanout at the junction of the
building drain and building sewer shall not be required if the
cleanout on a 3 -inch (76 mm) or larger diameter soil stack is
located within a developed length of 10 feet (3048 mm) of
the building drain and building sewer connection.

708.3.6 Manholes. Manholes serving a building drain shall
have secured gas-tight covers and shall be located in accor-
dance with Section 708.3.2.

708.4 Concealed piping. Cleanouts on concealed piping or pip-
ing under a floor slab or in a crawl space of less than 24 inches
(610 mm) in height or a plenum shdl be extended through and
terminate flush with the finished wall, floor or ground surface or
shall be extended to the outside of the building. Cleanout plugs
shall not be covered with cement, plaster or any other permanent
finish material. Where it is necessary to conceal a cleanout or to
terminate a cleanout in an area subject to vehicular traffic, the
covering plate, access door or cleanout shall be of an approved
type designed and installed for this purpose.

708.5 Opening direction. Every cleanout shall be installed to
open to allow cleaning in the direction of the flow of the drain-
age pipe or at right angles thereto.

708.6 Prohibited installation. Cleanout openings shall not be
utiUzed for the installation of new fixtures or floor drains, ex-
cept where approved and where another cleanout of equal ac-
cess and capacity is provided.

708.7 Minimum size. Cleanouts shall be the same nominal
size as the pipe they serve up to 4 inches (102 mm). For pipes
larger than 4 inches (102 mm) nominal size, the minimum size
of the cleanout shall be 4 inches (102 mm).

Exception: "P" trap connections with slip joints or ground
joint connections, or stack cleanouts that are not more than
one pipe diameter smaller than the drain served, shall be
permitted.

708.8 Clearances. Cleanouts on 6-inch (153 mm) and smaller
pipes shall be provided with a clearance of not less than 18
inches (457 nmi) for rodding. Cleanouts on 8-inch (203 mm)
and larger pipes shall be provided with a clearance of not less
than 36 inches (914 mm) for rodding.

708.9 Access. Access shall be provided to all cleanouts.

SECTION 709
FIXTURE UNITS

709.1 Values for fixtures. Drainage fixture unit values as given
in Table 709.1 designate the relative load weight of different
kinds of fixtures that shall be employed in estimating the total
load carried by a soil or waste pipe, and shall be used in connec-
tion with Tables 710.1(1) and 710.1(2) of sizes for soil, waste
and vent pipes for which the permissible load is given in terms
of fixture units.

709.2 Fixtures not listed in Table 709.1. Fixtures not listed in
Table 709. 1 shall have a drainage fixture unit load based on the
outlet size of the fixture in accordance with Table 709.2. The
minimum trap size for unlisted fixtures shall be the size of the
drainage outlet but not less than 1.25 inches (32 mm).

709.3 Values for continuous and semicontinuous flow.

Drainage fixture unit values for continuous and semicontinu-
ous flow into a drainage system shall be computed on the basis
that 1 gpm (0.06 L/s) of flow is equivalent to two fixture units.

709.4 Values for indirect waste receptor. The drainage fix-
ture unit load of an indirect waste receptor receiving the dis-
charge of indirectly connected fixtures shall be the sum of the
drainage fixture unit values of the fixtures that discharge to the
receptor, but not less than the drainage fixture unit value given
for the indirect waste receptor in Table 709.1 or 709.2.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

55

TABLE 709.1

SANITARY DRAINAGE

TABLE 709.1
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS FOR FIXTURES AND GROUPS

FIXTURE TYPE

DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT
VALUE AS LOAD FACTORS

MINIMUM SIZE OF TRAP
(inches)

Automatic clothes washers, commerciaP

3

2

Automatic clothes washers, residential

2

2

Bathroom group as defined in Section 202 (1.6 gpf water closet)^

5

—

Bathroom group as defined in Section 202 (water closet flushing greater than 1.6 gpff

6

—

Bathtub'' (with or without overhead shower or whirlpool attachments)

2

1%

Bidet

1

IV4

Combination sink and tray

2

IV,.

Dental lavatory

1

IV4

Dental unit or cuspidor

1

l'/4

Dishwashing machine,'^ domestic

2

IV,

Drinking fountain

%

l'/4

Emergency floor drain

2

Floor drains

2

2

Kitchen sink, domestic

2

IV,

Kitchen sink, domestic with food waste grinder and/or dishwasher

2

IV2

Laundry tray (1 or 2 compartments)

2

iv.

Lavatory

1

IV4

Shower

2

IV,

Sink

2

IV2

Urinal

4

Footnote d

Urinal, 1 gallon per flush or less

2^

Footnote d

Wash sink (circular or multiple) each set of faucets

2

IV,

Water closet, flushometer tank, public or private

4e

Footnote d

Water closet, private (1.6 gpf)

3=

Footnote d

Water closet, private (flushing greater than 1.6 gpf)

4e

Footnote d

Water closet, public (1.6 gpf)

4e

Footnote d

Water closet, public (flushing greater than 1.6 gpf)

6«

Footnote d

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.

a. For traps larger than 3 inches, use Table 709.2.

b. A showerhead over a bathtub or whirlpool bathtub attachment does not increase the drainage fixture unit value.

c. See Sections 709.2 through 709.4 for methods of computing unit value of fixtures not listed in this table or for rating of devices with intermittent flows.

d. Trap size shall be consistent with the fixture outlet size.

e. For the purpose of computing loads on building drains and sewers, water closets or urinals shall not be rated at a lower drainage fixture unit unless the lower values
are confirmed by testing.

f. For fixtures added to a dwelling unit bathroom group, add the DFU value of those additional fixtures to the bathroom group fixture count.

56

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

SANITARY DRAINAGE

TABLE 709.2 -711.3

TABLE 709.2
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS FOR FIXTURE DRAINS OR TRAPS

FIXTURE DRAIN OR TRAP SIZE
(inches)

DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT VALUE

IV4

1

IV,

2

2

3

2V,

4

3

5

4

6

For SL' 1 inch = 25.4 nun.

SECTION 7;10
DRAINAGE SYSTEM SIZING

kl Maximum fixture unit load. The maximum number of
drainage fixture units connected to a given size of building
sewer, building drain or horizontal branch of the building drain
shall be determined using Table 710.1(1). The maximum num-
ber of drainage fixture units connected to a given size of hori-
zontal branch or vertical soil or waste stack shall be determined
using Table 710.1(2).

710.1.1 Horizontal stack offsets. Horizontal stack offsets
shall be sized as required for building drains in accordance
with Table 710.1(1), except as required by Section 71 1.4.

710.1.2 Vertical stack offsets. Vertical stack offsets shall be
sized as required for straight stabks in accordance with Ta-
ble 710. 1(2), except where requii^ed to be sized as a building
drain in accordance with Section 711.1.1.

710.2 Future fixtures. Where provision is made for the future
installation of fixtures, those provided for shall be considered

in determining the required sizes of drain pipes. Construction
to provide for such future installation shall be terminated with
an approved cap or plug.

SECTION 711

OFFSETS IN DRAINAGE PIPING IN BUILDINGS

OF FIVE STORIES OR MORE

711.1 Horizontal branch connections above or below verti-
cal stack offsets. If a horizontal branch connects to the stack
within 2 feet (610 mm) above or below a vertical stack offset,
and the offset is located more than four branch intervals below
the top of the stack, the offset shall be vented in accordance
with Section 915.

711.1.1 Omission of vents for vertical stack offsets. Vents
for vertical offsets required by Section 711.1 shall not be re-
quired where the stack and its offset are sized as a building
drain [see Table 710.1(1), Column 5].

711.2 Horizontal branch connections to horizontal stack

offsets. Where a horizontal stack offset is located more than
four branch intervals below the top of the stack, a horizontal
branch shall not connect within the horizontal stack offset or
within 2 feet (610 mm) above or below such offset.

711.3 Horizontal stack offsets. A stack with a horizontal off-
set located more than four branch intervals below the top of the
stack shall be vented in accordance with Section 915 and sized
as follows:

1 . The portion of the stack above the offset shall be sized as
for a vertical stack based on the total number of drainage
fixture units above the offset.

2. The offset shall be sized in accordance with Section
710.1.1.

TABLE 710.1(1)
BUILDING DRAINS AND SEWERS

DIAMETER OF PIPE
(inches)

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS CONNECTED TO ANY PORTION OF THE BUILDING DRAIN OR THE
BUILDING SEWER, INCLUDING BRANCHES OF THE BUILDING DRAIN^

Slope per foot

:V,«mch

Va inch

V4 inch

Vainch

IV,

1

1

1%

3

3

2

21

26

2V,

24

31

3

36

42

50

4

180

216

250

5 ,

390

480

575

6

' ' -

700

840

1,000

8

: 1,400

1,600

1,920

2,300

10

; 2,500

2,900

3,500

4,200

12

3,900

4,600

5,600

6,700

15

i 7,000

8,300

10,000

12,000

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m.

a. The minimum size of any building drain serving a water closet shall be 3 inches.

2000 DNTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

57

TABLE 710.1(2) -712.3.3

SANITARY DRAINAGE

TABLE 710.1(2)
HORIZONTAL FIXTURE BRANCHES AND STACKS^

DIAMETER OF PIPE
(inches)

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS (dfu)

Total for a horizontal branch

Stacks"

Total discharge into one
branch interval

Total for stack of three branch
intervals or less

Total for stack greater than
three branch intervals

IV,

3

2

4

8

2

6

6

10

24

27,

12

9

20

42

3

20

20

48

72

4

160

90

240

500

5

360

200

540

1,100

6

620

350

960

1,900

8

1,400

600

2,200

3,600

10

2,500

1,000

3,800

5,600

12

2,900

1,500

6,000

8,400

15

7,000

Footnote c

Footnote c

Footnote c

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm,

a. Does not include branches of the building drain. Refer to Table 710. 1 (1).

b. Stacks shall be sized based on the total accumulated connected load at each story or branch interval. As the total accumulated connected load decreases, stacks are
permitted to be reduced in size. Stack diameters shall not be reduced to less than one-half of the diameter of the largest stack size required.

c. Sizing load based on design criteria.

3. The portion of the stack below the offset shall be sized as
for the offset or based on the total number of drainage fix-
ture units on the entire stack, whichever is larger [see Ta-
ble 710.1(2), Column 4].

711.3.1 Omission of vents for horizontal stack offsets.
Vents for horizontal stack offsets required by Section 71 1.3
shall not be required where the stack and its offset are one
pipe size larger than required for a building drain [see Table
710.1(1), Column 5] and the entire stack and offset are not
less in cross-sectional area than that required for a straight
stack plus the area of an offset vent as provided for in Sec-
tion 915. Omission of offset vents in accordance with this
section shall not constitute approval of horizontal branch
connections within the offset or within 2 feet (610 mm)
above or below the offset.

711.4 Offsets below lowest branch. Where a vertical offset
occurs in a soil or waste stack below the lowest horizontal
branch, change in diameter of the stack because of the offset
shall not be required. If a horizontal offset occurs in a soil or
waste stack below the lowest horizontal branch, the required
diameter of the offset and the stack below it shall be determined
as for a building drain in accordance with Table 710.1(1).

SECTION 712
SUMPS AND EJECTORS

712,1 Building subdrains. Building subdrains that cannot be
discharged to the sewer by gravity flow shall be discharged into
a tightly covered and vented sump from which the liquid shall
be lifted and discharged into the building gravity drainage sys-
tem by automatic pumping equipment or other approved
method. In other than existing structures, the sump shall not re-

ceive drainage from any piping within the building capable of
being discharged by gravity to the building sewer.

712.2 Full open valve required. A full open valve located on
the discharge side of the check valve shall be installed in the
pump or ejector discharge piping between the pump or ejector
and the gravity drainage system. Access shall be provided to
such valves. Such valves shall be located above the sump cover
required by Section 7 12. 1 or, where the discharge pipe from the
ejector is below grade, the valves shall be accessibly located
outside the sump below grade in an access pit with a removable
access cover.

Exception: In one- and two-family dwellings, only a check |
valve shall be required, located on the discharge piping from
the sewage pump or ejector.

712.3 Sump design. The sump pump, pit and discharge piping shaU
conform to the requirements of Sections 712.3.1 through 712.3.5.

712.3.1 Sump pump. The sump pump capacity and head
shall be appropriate to anticipated use requirements.

712.3.2 Sump pit. The sump pit shall be not less than 18
inches (457 mm) in diameter and 24 inches (610 mm) deep,
unless otherwise approved. The pit shall be accessible and
located such that all drainage flows into the pit by gravity.
The sump pit shall be constructed of tile, concrete, steel,
plastic or other approved materials. The pit bottom shall be
solid and provide permanent support for the pump. The
sump pit shall be fitted with a gas-tight removable cover ad-
equate to support anticipated loads in the area of use. The
sump pit shall be vented in accordance with Chapter 9.

712.3.3 Discharge piping. Discharge piping shall meet the
requirements of Section 712.2.

•

58

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

SANITARY DRAINAGE

712.3.4-713.7.2

1113 A Maximum effluent level. The effluent level control
shall be adjusted and maintainedj to at all times prevent the
effluent in the sump from rising to within 2 inches (5 1 mm)
of the invert of the gravity drain: inlet into the sump.

712.3.5 Ejector connection to the drainage system.

Pumps connected to the drainage system shall connect to the
building sewer or shall connect to a wye fitting in the build-
ing drain a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) from the base of
any soil stack, waste stack or fixture drain. Where the dis-
charge line connects into horizontal drainage piping, the
connector shall be made through a wye fitting into the top of
the drainage piping.

712.4 Sewage pumps and sewage ejectors. A sewage pump or
sewage ejector shall automatically discharge the contents of the
sump to the building drainage system.

712.4.1 Macerating toilet systems. Macerating toilet sys-
tems shall be installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer's installation instructions.

712.4.2 Capacity. A sewage pump or sewage ejector shall
have the capacity and head for the application requirements.
Pumps or ejectors that receive the discharge of water closets
shall be capable of handUng spherical solids with a diameter
of up to and including 2 inches (5 i mm). Other pumps or ejec-
tors shall be capable of handling spherical soUds with a diam-
eter of up to and including 1 inch (25.4 mm). The minimum
capacity of a pump or ejector based on the diameter of the dis-
charge pipe shall be in accordance with Table 712.4.2.

Exceptions:

1 . Grinder pumps or grinder ejectors that receive the
discharge of water closets shall have a minimum
discharge opening of 1:25 inches (32 mm).

2. Macerating toilet assemblies that serve single wa-
ter closets shall have a minimum discharge open-
ing of 0.75 inch (19 mm).

TABLE 712.4.2

MINIMUM CAPACITY OF SEWAGE PUMP

OR SEWAGE EJECTOR

DIAMETER OF THE
DISCHARGE PIPE (Inches)

CAPACITY OF PUMP OR EJECTOR
(gpm)

2

21

2V,

' 30

3

46

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon per mihute = 3.785 L/m.

SECTION 713
HEALTH CARE PLUMBING

713.1 Scope. This section shall govern those aspects of health
care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing systems in
other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform
to this section in addition to the other requirements of this code.

The provisions of this section shall apply to the special devices
and equipment installed and maintained in the following occu-
pancies: nursing homes, homes for the aged, orphanages, infir-
maries, first aid stations, psychiatric facilities, clinics,
professionaloffices of dentists and doctors, mortuaries, educa-
tional facilities, surgery, dentistry, research and testing labora-
tories, establishments manufacturing pharmaceutical drugs
and medicines, and other structures with similar apparatus and
equipment classified as plumbing.

713.2 Bedpan washers and clinical sinks. Bedpan washers
and cHnical sinks shall connect to the drainage and vent system
in accordance with the requirements for a water closet. Bedpan
washers shall also connect to a local vent.

713.3 Indirect waste. All sterilizers, steamers and condensers
shall discharge to the drainage through an indirect waste pipe by
means of an air gap. Where a battery of not more than three ster-
ilizers discharges to an individual receptor, the distance between
the receptor and a sterilizer shall not exceed 8 feet (2438 mm).
The indirect waste pipe on a bedpan steamer shall be trapped.

713.4 Vacuum system station* Ready access shall be provided
to vacuum system station receptacles. Such receptacles shall be
built into cabinets or recesses and shall be visible.

713.5 Bottle system. Vacuum (fluid suction) systems intended
for collecting, removing and disposing of blood, pus or other
fluids by the bottle system shall be provided with receptacles
equipped with an overflow prevention device at each vacuum
outlet station.

713.6 Central disposal system equipment. All central vac-
uum (fluid suction) systems shall provide continuous service.
Systems equipped with collecting or control tanks shall pro-
vide for draining and cleaning of the tanks while the system is
in operation. In hospitals, the system shall be connected to the
emergency power system. The exhausts from a vacuum pump
serving a vacuum (fluid suction) system shall discharge sepa-
rately to open air above the roof.

713.7 Central vacuum or disposal systems. Where the waste
from a central vacuum (fluid suction) system of the baromet-
ric-lag, collection-tank or bottle-disposal type is connected to
the drainage system, the waste shall be directly connected to
the sanitary drainage system through a trapped waste.

713.7.1 Piping. The piping of a central vacuum (fluid suc-
tion) system shall be of corrosion-resistant material with a
smooth interior surface. A branch shall not be less than
0.5-inch (12.7 mm) nominal pipe size for one outlet and shall
be sized in accordance with the number of vacuum outlets. A
main shall not be less than 1-inch (25 mm) nominal pipe size.
The pipe sizing shall be increased in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions as stations are increased.

713.7.2 Velocity. The velocity of airflow in a central vac-
uum (fluid suction) system shall be less than 5,000 feet per
minute (25 m/s).

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

59

713.8 -TABLE 713.11.3

SANITARY DRAINAGE

713.8 Vent coeeections proMblted. Connections between local
vents serving bedpan washers or sterilizer vents serving steriliz-
ing apparatus and normal sanitary plumbing systems are prohib-
ited. Only one type of apparatus shall be served by a local vent.

713.9 Local vemts and stacks for bedpan washers. Bedpan
washers shall be vented to open air above the roof by means of
one or more local vents. The local vent for a bedpan washer
shall not be less than a 2-inch-diameter (5 1 mm) pipe. A local
vent serving a single bedpan washer is permitted to drain to the
fixture served.

713.9.1 Multiple lestallations. Where bedpan washers are lo-
cated above each other on more than one floor, a local vent
stack is permitted to be installed to receive the local vent on the
various floors. Not more than three bedpan washers shall be
connected to a 2-inch (51 mm) local vent stack, not more than
six to a 3-inch (76 mm) local vent stack and not more than 12 to
a 4-inch (102 mm) local vent stack. In multiple installations,
the connections between a bedpan washer local vent and a lo-
cal vent stack shall be made with tee or tee- wye sanitary pattern
drainage fittings installed in an upright position.

•713.9.2 Trap required. The bottom of the local vent stack,
except where serving only one bedpan washer, shall be
drained by means of a trapped and vented waste connection
to the sanitary drainage system. The trap and waste shall be
the same size as the local vent stack.

713.9.3 Trap seal maintenance. A water supply pipe not
less than V4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter shall be taken from
the flush supply of each bedpan washer on the discharge or
fixture side of the vacuum breaker, shall be trapped to form
not less than a 3-inch (76 mm) water seal, and shall be con-
nected to the local vent stack on each floor. The water supply
shall be installed so as to provide a supply of water to the lo-
cal vent stack for cleansing and drain trap seal maintenance
each time a bedpan washer is flushed.

713.10 Sterilizer vents and stacks. Multiple installations of
pressure and nonpressure sterilizers shall have the vent connec-
tions to the steriUzer vent stack made by means of inverted wye
fittings. Access shall be provided to vent connections for the
purpose of inspection and maintenance.

D.l Drainage. The connection between sterilizer vent
or exhaust openings and the sterilizer vent stack shall be de-
signed and installed to drain to the funnel or basket-type
waste fitting. In multiple installations, the sterilizer vent
stack shall be drained separately to the lowest sterilizer fun-
nel or basket-type waste fitting or receptor.

713.11 Sterilizer vent stack sizes. Sterilizer vent stack sizes
shall comply with Sections 713.11.1 through 713.11.4.

713.11.1 Bedpan steamers. The minimum size of a steril-
izer vent serving a bedpan steamer shall be 1.50 inches (38
mm) in diameter. Multiple installations shall be sized in ac-
cordance with Table 713.11.1.

TABLE 713.11.1
STACK SIZES FOR BEDPAN STEAMERS

AND BOILING-TYPE STERILIZERS

(Number of Connections of Various Sizes

Permitted to Various-sized Sterilizer Vent Stacks)

STACK SIZE
(inches)

CONNECTION SIZE

IV,"

2"

\'(-l

1

or

2^

2

or

1

2f

1

and

1

li"

4

or

2

3"

2

and

2

4a

8

or

4

4b

4

and

4

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. Total of each size.

b. Combination of sizes.

713.11.2 Boiling-type sterilizers. The minimum size of a
sterilizer vent stack shall be 2 inches (5 1 mm) in diameter
where serving a utensil sterilizer and 1 .50 inches (38 mm) in
diameter where serving an instrument sterilizer. Combina-
tions of boiling-type sterilizer vent connections shall be
sized in accordance with Table 713.11.1.

713.11.3 Pressure sterilizers. Pressure sterilizer vent
stacks shall be 2.50 inches (64 mm) minimum. Those serv-
ing combinations of pressure sterilizer exhaust connections
shall be sized in accordance with Table 7 13. 11. 3.

713.11.4 Pressure instrument washer sterilizer sizes. The
minimum diameter of a sterilizer vent stack serving an instru-
ment washer steriUzer shall be 2 inches (5 1 nmi). Not more than
two sterilizers shall be installed on a 2-inch (5 1 mm) stack, and
not more than four sterilizers shall be installed on a 3-inch (76
mm) stack.

TABLE 713.11.3

STACK SIZES FOR PRESSURE STERILIZERS

(Number of Connections of Various Sizes Permitted

to Various-sized Vent Stacks)

STACK SIZE
(inches)

CONNECTION SIZE

V

1"

1V/

1V/

IV/

3 or

2 or

1

IV,"

2 and

1

T

6 or

3 or

2 or

1

2"

Sand

2

2"

2 and

1 and

1

2"

1 and

1 and

1

3^

15 or

7 or

5 or

3

3"

1 and

1 and
5 and

2 and

2
1

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. Total of each size.

b. Combination of sizes.

60

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUIVIBING CODE®

SANITARY DRAINAGE 714 - 715.5

SECTION 714
COMPUTERIZED DRAINAGE DESIGN

714.1 Design of drainage system. The sizing requirements for
plumbing drainage systems shall be determined by approved
computer program design methods.

714.2 Load on drainage system. The load shall be computed
from the simultaneous or sequential discharge conditions from
fixtures, appurtenances and appliances or the peak usage de-
sign condition.

714.2.1 Fixture discharge profiles. The discharge profiles
for flow rates versus time from fixtures and appliances shall
be in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.

714.3 Selections of drainage pipe sizes. Pipe shall be sized to
prevent full-bore flow.

714.3.1 Selecting pipe wall roughness. Pipe size calcula-
tions shall be conducted with the pipe wall roughness factor
(ks), in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications
and as modified for aging roughness factors with deposits
and corrosion.

714.3.2 Slope of horizontal drainage piping. Horizontal
drainage piping shall be designed and installed at slopes in
accordance with Table 704. 1 .

SECTION 715
BACKWATER VALVES

715.1 Sewage backflow. Where the flood level rims of plumb-
ing fixtures are below the elevation of the manhole cover of the
next upstream manhole in the public sewer, such fixtures shall
be protected by a backwater valve installed in the building
drain, branch of the building drain or horizontal branch serving
such fixtures. Plumbing fixtures having flood level rims above
the elevation of the manhole cover of the next upstream man-
hole in the public sewer shall not discharge through a back-
water valve.

715.2 Material. All bearing parts of backwater valves shall be
of corrosion-resistant material. Backwater valves shall comply
with ASME A112.14.1, CSA B181.1 or CSA B181.2.

715.3 Seal. Backwater valves shall be so constructed as to pro-
vide a mechanical seal against backflow.

715.4 Diameter. Backwater valves, when fully opened, shall
have a capacity not less than that of the pipes in which they are
installed.

715.5 Location. Backwater valves shall be installed so that ac-
cess is provided to the working parts for service and repair.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 61

62 2000 JNTERNATDONAL PLUMBING CODE®

CHAPTER 8

INDIRECT/SPECIAL WASTE

SECTION 801
GENERAL

801.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern matters concerning in-
direct waste piping and special wastes. This chapter shall fur-
ther control matters concerning food-handling establishments,
sterilizers, clear-water wastes, swimming pools, methods of
providing air breaks or air gaps, and neutralizing devices for
corrosive wastes.

801.2 Protection. All devices, appurtenances, appliances and
apparatus intended to serve some special function, such as ster-
ilization, distillation, processing, cooling, or storage of ice or
foods, and that discharge to the drainage system, shall be pro-
vided with protection against backflow, flooding, fouling, con-
tamination and stoppage of the drain.

SECTION 802
INDIRECT WASTES

802.1 Where required. Food-handling equipment and
clear-water waste shall discharge through an indirect waste
pipe as specified in Sections 802.1.1 through 802.1.5. All
health-care related fixtures, devices and equipment shall dis-
charge to the drainage system through an indirect waste pipe by
means of an air gap in accordance with this chapter and Section
713.3. Fixtures not required by this section to be indirectly con-
nected shall be directly connected to the plumbing system in
accordance with Chapter 7.

802.1.1 Food handling. Equipment and fixtures utilized for
the storage, preparation and handling of food shall dis-
charge through an indirect waste pipe by means of an air
gap.

Exception: This requirement shall not apply to
dishwashing machines and dishwashing sinks.

802.1.2 Floor drains in food storage areas. Floor drains
located within waUc-in refrigerators or freezers in food ser-
vice and food establishments shall be indirectly connected
to the sanitary drainage system by means of an air gap.
Where a floor drain is located within an area subject to
freezing, the waste line serving the floor drain shall not be
trapped and shall indirectly discharge into a waste receptor
located outside of the area subject to freezing.

Exception: Where protected against backflow by a
backwater valve, such floor drains shall be indirectly
connected to the sanitary drainage system by means of an
air break or an air gap.

802.1.3 Potable clear-water waste. Where devices and
equipment, such as sterilizers and relief valves, discharge
potable water to the building drainage system, the discharge
shall be through an indirect waste pipe by means of an air

gap.

802.1.4 Swimming pools. Where wastewater from swim-
ming pools, backwash from filters and water from pool deck
drains discharge to the building drainage system, the dis-
charge shall be through an indirect waste pipe by means of
an air gap.

802.1.5 Nonpotable clear-water waste. Where devices
and equipment, such as process tanks, filters, drips and boil-
ers, discharge nonpotable water to the building drainage
system, the discharge shall be through an indirect waste pipe
by means of an air break or an air gap.

802.2 Installation. All indirect waste piping shall discharge
through an air gap or air break into a waste receptor or
standpipe. Waste receptors and standpipes shall be trapped and
vented and shall connect to the building drainage system. All
indirect waste piping that exceeds 2 feet (610 mm) in devel-
oped length measured horizontally, or 4 feet (1219 mm) in total
developed length, shall be trapped.

802.2.1 Air gap. The air gap between the indirect waste
pipe and the flood level rim of the waste receptor shall be a
minimum of twice the effective opening of the indirect
waste pipe.

802.2.2 Air break. An air break shall be provided between
the indirect waste pipe and the trap seal of the waste receptor
or standpipe.

802.3 Waste receptors. Every waste receptor shall be of an ap-
proved type. A removable strainer or basket shall cover the
waste outlet of waste receptors. Waste receptors shall be in-
stalled in ventilated spaces. Waste receptors shall not be in-
stalled in bathrooms or toilet rooms or in any inaccessible or
unventilated space such as a closet or storeroom. Ready access
shall be provided to waste receptors.

802.3.1 Size of receptors. A waste receptor shall be sized
for the maximum discharge of all indirect waste pipes
served by the receptor. Receptors shall be installed to pre-
vent splashing or flooding.

802.3.2 Open hub waste receptors. Waste receptors shall
be permitted in the form of a hub or pipe extending not less
than 1 inch (25.4 mm) above a water- impervious floor and
are not required to have a strainer.

802.4 Standpipes. Standpipes shall be individually trapped.
Standpipes shall extend a minimum of 18 inches (457 mm) and
a maximum of 42 inches (1066 mm) above the trap. Access
shall be provided to all standpipe traps and drains for rodding.

SECTION 803
SPECIAL WASTES

803.1 Wastewater temperature. Steam pipes shall not con-
nect to any part of a drainage or plumbing system and water
above 140°F (60°C) shall not be discharged into any part of a

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

63

803.2 - 804.1 INDIRECT/SPECIAL WASTE

drainage system. Such pipes shall discharge into an indirect
waste receptor connected to the drainage system.

803.2 NeMtralizneg device reqmred for corrosive wastes.
Corrosive liquids, spent acids or other harmful chemicals that
destroy or injure a drain, sewer, soil or waste pipe, or create
noxious or toxic fumes or interfere with sewage treatment pro-
cesses shall not be discharged into the plumbing system with-
out being thoroughly diluted, neutralized or treated by passing
through an approved dilution or neutralizing device. Such de-
vices shall be automatically provided with a sufficient supply
of diluting water or neutralizing medium so as to make the con-
tents noninjurious before discharge into the drainage system.
The nature of the corrosive or harmful waste and the method of
its treatment or dilution shall be approved prior to installation.

M33 System desigm, A chemical drainage and vent system
shall be designed and installed in accordance with this code.
Chemical drainage and vent systems shall be completely sepa-
rated from the sanitary systems. Chemical waste shall not dis-
charge to a sanitary drainage system until such waste has been
treated in accordance with Section 803.2.

SECTION 804
BViATE^IALS, JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

.1 Geeeral. The materials and methods utilized for the con-
struction and installation of indirect waste pipes and systems
shall comply with the applicable provisions of Chapter 7.

2000 liMTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

CHAPTER 9

VENTS

SECTION 901
GENERAL

901.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
materials, design, construction and installation of vent systems.

901.2 Trap seal protection. The plumbing system shall be pro-
vided with a system of vent piping that will permit the admis-
sion or emission of air so that the seal of any fixture trap shall
not be subjected to a pneumatic pressure differential of more
than 1 inch of water column (249 Pa).

901.2.1 Venting required. Every trap and trapped fixture
shall be vented in accordance with one of the venting meth-
ods specified in this chapter.

901.3 Chemical waste vent system. The vent system for a
chemical waste system shall be independent of the sanitary
vent system and shall terminate separately through the roof to
the open air.

901.4 Use limitations. The plumbing vent system shall not be
utihzed for purposes other than the venting of the plumbing
system.

901.5 Tests. The vent system shall be tested in accordance with
Section 312.

901.6 Engineered systems. Engineered venting systems shall
conform to the provisions of Section 918.

SECTION 902
MATERIALS

902.1 Vents. The materials and methods utilized for the con-
struction and installation of venting systems shall comply with
the applicable provisions of Section 702.

902.2 Sheet copper. Sheet copper for vent pipe flashings shall
conform to ASTM B 1 52 and shall weigh not less than 8 ounces
per square foot (2.5 kg/m^).

902.3 Sheet lead. Sheet lead for vent pipe flashings shall weigh
not less than 3 pounds per square foot (15 kg/m^) for field-con-
structed flashings and not less than 2.5 pounds per square foot
(12 kg/m^) for prefabricated flashings.

SECTION 903
VENT STACKS AND STACK VENTS

903.1 Stack required. Every building in which plumbing is in-
stalled shall have at least one stack the size of which is not less
than one-half of the required size of the building drain. Such
stack shall run undiminished in size and as directly as possible
from the building drain through to the open air or to a vent
header that extends to the open air.

903.1.1 Connection to drainage system. A vent stack shall
connect to the building drain or to the base of a drainage

stack in accordance with Section 903.4. A stack vent shall
be an extension of the drainage stack.

903.2 Vent stack required. A vent stack shall be required for
every drainage stack that is five branch intervals or more.

903.3 Vent termination. Every vent stack or stack vent shall
extend outdoors and terminate to the open air.

903.4 Vent connection at base. Every vent stack shall connect
to the base of the drainage stack. The vent stack shall connect at
or below the lowest horizontal branch. Where the vent stack
connects to the building drain, the connection shall be located
downstream of the drainage stack and within a distance of 10
times the diameter of the drainage stack.

903.5 Vent headers. Stack vents and vent stacks connected
into a common vent header at the top of the stacks and extend-
ing to the open air at one point shall be sized in accordance with
the requirements of Section 916.1. The number of fixture units
shall be the sum of all fixture units on all stacks connected
thereto, and the developed length shall be the longest vent
length from the intersection at the base of the most distant stack
to the vent terminal in the open air, as a direct extension of one
stack.

SECTION 904
VENT TERMINALS

904.1 Roof extension. All open vent pipes that extend through
a roof shall be terminated at least [NUMBER] inches (mm) above
the roof, except that where a roof is to be used for any purpose
other than weather protection, the vent extensions shall be run
at least 7 feet (2134 mm) above the roof.

904.2 Frost closure. Where the 97.5-percent value for outside
design temperature is 0°F (-18°C) or less, every vent extension
through a roof or wall shall be a minimum of 3 inches (76 mm)
in diameter. Any increase in the size of the vent shall be made
inside the structure a minimum of 1 foot (305 mm) below the
roof or inside the wall.

904.3 Flashings. The juncture of each vent pipe with the roof
line shall be made water tight by an approved flashing.

904.4 Prohibited use. Vent terminals shall not be used as a flag
pole or to support flag poles, television aerials or similar items,
except when the piping has been anchored in an approved man-
ner.

904.5 Location of vent terminal. An open vent terminal from
a drainage system shall not be located directly beneath any
door, openable window, or other air intake opening of the build-
ing or of an adjacent building, and any such vent terminal shall
not be within 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally of such an open-
ing unless it is at least 2 feet (610 mm) above the top of such
opening.

r

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

65

904.6 - TABLE 908.3

VENTS

1. Vent terminals extending
through the wall shall terminate a minimum of 10 feet (3048
mm) from the lot line and 10 feet (3048 mm) above average
ground level. Vent terminals shall not terminate under the over-
hang of a structure with soffit vents. Side wall vent terminals
shall be protected to prevent birds or rodents from entering or
blocking the vent opening.

9ID4.7 ExteMsioe outside a strecture. In climates where the
97.5-percent value for outside design temperature is less than
0°F (- 1 8°C), vent pipes installed on the exterior of the structure
shall be protected against freezing by insulation, heat or both.

SB
¥EiNT CONNECTIONS AND GRADES

9®5.1 Connectioe. All individual, branch and circuit vents
shall connect to a vent stack, stack vent, air admittance valve or
extend to the open air.

905o2 Grade. All vent and branch vent pipes shall be so graded
and connected as to drain back to the drainage pipe by gravity.

9®S.3 Vemt coenedtion to drainage system. Every dry vent
connecting to a horizontal drain shall connect above the center-
line of the horizontal drain pipe.

905.4 Vertical rise off vent. Every dry vent shall rise vertically
to a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) above the flood level rim of
the highest trap or trapped fixture being vented.

905.5 Height above fixteres, A connection between a vent
pipe and a vent stack or stack vent shall be made at least 6
inches (152 mm) above the flood level rim of the highest fixture
served by the vent. Horizontal vent pipes forming branch vents,
relief vents or loop vents shall be at least 6 inches (152 mm)
above the flood level rim of the highest fixture served.

905.6 Vemt for future fixtures. Where the drainage piping has
been roughed-in for future fixtures, a rough-in connection for a
vent shall be installed. The vent size shall be not less than
one-half the diameter of the rough-in drain to be served. The
vent rough-in shall connect to the vent system, or shall be
vented by other means as provided for in this chapter. The con-
nection shall be identified to indicate that it is a vent.

TABLE 906.1
MAXIMUM DISTANCE OF FIXTURE TRAP FROM VENT

SIZE OF TRAP
(incties)

SIZE OF

FIXTURE DRAIN

(Inches)

SLOPE
(Inch per foot)

DISTANCE

FROM TRAP

(feet)

IV.

IV,

'4

3V,

iv.

IV,

U

5

IV,

IV,

u

5

1%

2

u

6

2

2

u

6

3

3

/r

10

4

4

k

12

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm,
1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m.

SECTION 907
INDIVIDUAL VENT

907,1 Individual vent permitted. Each trap and trapped fix-
ture is permitted to be provided with an individual vent. The in-
dividual vent shall connect to the fixture drain of the trap or
trapped fixture being vented.

SECTION 908
COMMON VENT

908.1 Individual vent as common vent. An individual vent is
permitted to vent two traps or trapped fixtures as a common
vent. The traps or trapped fixtures being common vented shall
be located on the same floor level.

908.2 Connection at the same level. Where the fixture drains
being common vented connect at the same level, the vent con-
nection shall be at the interconnection of the fixture drains or
downstream of the interconnection.

SECTION 906
FIXTURE VENTS

906.1 Distance of trap from vent. Each fixture trap shall have
a protecting vent located so that the slope and the developed
length in the fixture drain from the trap weir to the vent fitting
are within the requirements set forth in Table 906.1.

.2 Ventimg of fixture drains. The vent for a fixture drain,
except where serving a fixture with integral traps, such as water
closets, shall connect above the weir of the fixture trap being
vented.

5.3 Crown vent. A vent shall not be installed within two pipe
diameters of the trap weir.

908.3 Connection at different levels. Where the fixture drains
connect at different levels, the vent shall connect as a vertical
extension of the vertical drain. The vertical drain pipe connect-
ing the two fixture drains shall be considered the vent for the
lower fixture drain, and shall be sized in accordance with Table
908.3. The upper fixture shall not be a water closet.

TABLE 908.3
COMMON VENT SIZES

PIPE SIZE
(inches)

MAXIMUM DISCHARGE FROM UPPER
FIXTURE DRAIN (dfu)

IV,

1

2

4

2V2 to 3

6

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

66

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

VENTS

909-911.4.1

•

SECTION 909
WET VENTING

909.1 Wet vent permitted. Any combination of fixtures within
two bathroom groups located on the same floor level are per-
mitted to be vented by a wet vent. The wet vent shall be consid-
ered the vent for the fixtures and shall extend from the
connection of the dry vent along the direction of the flow in the
drain pipe to the most downstream fixture drain connection to
the horizontal branch drain. Only the fixtures within the bath-
room groups shall connect to the wet- vented horizontal branch
drain. Any additional fixtures shall discharge downstream of
the wet vent.

909.2 Vent connection. The dry vent connection to the wet
vent shall be an individual vent or common vent to the lavatory,
bidet, shower or bathtub. The dry vent shall be sized based on
the largest required diameter of pipe within the wet vent system
served by the dry vent.

909.3 Size. The wet vent shall be of a minimum size as speci-
fied in Table 909.3, based on the fixture unit discharge to the
wet vent.

TABLE 909.3
WET VENT SIZE

TABLE 910.4
WASTE STACK VENT SIZE

WET VENT PIPE SIZE
(inches)

DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT LOAD
(dfu)

IV,

1

2

4

2V,

6

3

12

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

SECTION 910
WASTE STACK VENT

910.1 Waste stack vent permitted. A waste stack shall be con-
sidered a vent for all of the fixtures discharging to the stack
where installed in accordance with the requirements of this sec-
tion.

910.2 Stack installation. The waste stack shall be vertical, and
both horizontal and vertical offsets shall be prohibited. Every
fixture drain shall connect separately to the waste stack. The
stack shall not receive the discharge of water closets or urinals.

910.3 Stack vent. A stack vent shall be provided for the waste
stack. The size of the stack vent shall be equal to the size of the
waste stack. Offsets shall be permitted in the stack vent and
shall be located at least 6 inches (152 mm) above the flood level
of the highest fixture, and shall be in accordance with Section
905.2.

910.4 Waste stack size. The waste stack shall be sized based on
the total discharge to the stack and the discharge within a
branch interval in accordance with Table 910.4. The waste
stack shall be the same size throughput its length.

STACK SIZE
(inches)

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE
FIXTURE UNITS (dfu)

Total discharge into
one branch Interval

Total discharge
for stack

1%

1

2

2

2

4

2%

No limit

8

3

No limit

24

4

No limit

50

5

No limit

75

6

No limit

100

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

SECTION 911
CIRCUIT VENTING

911.1 Circuit vent permitted. A maximum of eight fixtures
connected to a horizontal branch drain shall be permitted to be
circuit vented. Each fixture drain shall connect horizontally to
the horizontal branch being circuit vented. The horizontal
branch drain shall be classified as a vent from the most down-
stream fixture drain connection to the most upstream fixture
drain connection to the horizontal branch.

911.1.1 Multiple circuit-vented branches. Circuit-vented
horizontal branch drains are permitted to be connected to-
gether. Each group of a maximum of eight fixtures shall be
considered a separate circuit vent and shall conform to the
requirements of this section.

911.2 Vent connection. The circuit vent connection shall be lo-
cated between the two most upstream fixture drains. The vent
shall connect to the horizontal branch and shall be installed in
accordance with Section 905. The circuit vent pipe shall not re-
ceive the discharge of any soil or waste.

911.3 Slope and size of horizontal branch. The maximum
slope of the vent section of the horizontal branch drain shall be
one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8-percent slope). The
entire length of the vent section of the horizontal branch drain
shall be sized for the total drainage discharge to the branch.

911.3.1 Size of multiple circuit vent. Each separate cir-
cuit-vented horizontal branch that is interconnected shall be
sized independently in accordance with Section 91 1.3. The
downstream circuit- vented horizontal branch shall be sized
for the total discharge into the branch, including the up-
stream branches and the fixtures within the branch.

911.4 Relief vent. A relief vent shall be provided for cir-
cuit-vented horizontal branches receiving the discharge of four
or more water closets and connecting to a drainage stack that
receives the discharge of soil or waste from upper horizontal
branches.

911.4.1 Connection and installation. The relief vent shall
connect to the horizontal branch drain between the stack and
the most downstream fixture drain of the circuit vent. The
relief vent shall be installed in accordance with Section 905.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

67

911.4.2-914.2

VENTS

.4.2 Fixture draim or branch. The relief vent is permit-
ted to be a fixture drain or fixture branch for fixtures located
within the same branch interval as the circuit- vented hori-
zontal branch. The maximum discharge to a relief vent shall
be four fixture units.

TABLE 912.3
SIZE OF COMBINATION DRAIN AND VENT PIPE

fixtures. Fixtures, other than the cir-
cuit-vented fixtures, are permitted to discharge to the horizontal
branch drain. Such fixtures shall be located on the same floor as
the circuit-vented fixtures and shall be either individually or
common vented.

SECTION 912

COMBINATION DRAIN AND VENT SYSTEM

912.1 IVpe off fixtures, A combination drain and vent system
shall not serve fixtures other than floor drains, standpipes, sinks
and lavatories. Combination drain and vent systems shall not re-
ceive the discharge of a food waste grinder.

912.2 Installatioe. The only vertical pipe of a combination
drain and vent system shall be the connection between the fixture
drain of a sink, lavatory or standpipe, and the horizontal combi-
nation drain and vent pipe. The maximum vertical distance shall
be 8 feet (2438 mm).

912.2.1 Slope. The horizontal combination drain and vent
pipe shall have a maximum slope of one-half unit vertical in
12 units horizontal (4-percent slope). The minimum slope
shall be in accordance with Table 704.1.

912.2.2 Connection. The combination drain and vent sys-
tem shall be provided with a dry vent connected at any point
within the system or the system shall connect to a horizontal
drain that is vented in accordance with one of the venting
methods specified in this chapter. Combination drain and
vent systems connecting to building drains receiving only
the discharge from a stack or stacks shall be provided with a
dry vent. The vent connection to the combination drain and
vent pipe shall extend vertically a minimum of 6 inches (152
mm) above the flood level rim of the highest fixture being
vented before offsetting horizontally.

E.2.3 Vent size. The vent shall be sized for the total drain-
age fixture unit load in accordance with Section 916.2.

912.2.4 Fixture liranch or drain. The fixture branch or fix-
ture drain shall connect to the combination drain and vent
within a distance specified in Table 906. 1 . The combination
drain and vent pipe shall be considered the vent for the fix-
ture.

912.3 Size. The minimum size of a combination drain and vent
pipe shall be in accordance with Table 912.3.

DIAMETER PIPE
(inches)

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE
FIXTURE UNITS (dfu)

Connecting to a

horizontal branch or

stack

Connecting to a
building drain or
building subdrain

2

3

4

2V,

6

26

3

12

31

4

20

50

5

160

2.50

6

360

575

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

SECTION 913
ISLAND FIXTURE VENTDNG

913.1 Limitation. Island fixture venting shall not be permitted
for fixtures other than sinks and lavatories. Residential kitchen
sinks with a dishwasher waste connection, a food waste grinder,
or both, in combination with the kitchen sink waste, shall be per-
mitted to be vented in accordance with this section.

913.2 Vent connection. The island fixture vent shall connect to
the fixture drain as required for an individual or common vent.
The vent shall rise vertically to above the drainage outlet of the
fixture being vented before offsetting horizontally or vertically
downward. The vent or branch vent for multiple island fixture
vents shall extend to a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) above
the highest island fixture being vented before connecting to the
outside vent terminal.

913.3 Vent installation below the fixture flood level rim. The
vent located below the flood level rim of the fixture being
vented shall be installed as required for drainage piping in ac-
cordance with Chapter 7, except for sizing. The vent shall be
sized in accordance with Section 916.2. The lowest point of the
island fixture vent shall connect full size to the drainage sys-
tem. The connection shall be to a vertical drain pipe or to the top
half of a horizontal drain pipe. Cleanouts shall be provided in
the island fixture vent to permit rodding of all vent piping lo-
cated below the flood level rim of the fixtures. Rodding in both
directions shall be permitted through a cleanout.

SECTION 914

RELIEF VENTS— STACKS OF MORE THAN

10 BRANCH INTERVALS

914.1 Where required. Soil and waste stacks in buildings hav-
ing more than 10 branch intervals shall be provided with a relief
vent at each tenth interval installed, beginning with the top
floor.

914.2 Size and connection. The size of the relief vent shall be
equal to the size of the vent stack to which it connects. The
lower end of each relief vent shall connect to the soil or waste
stack through a wye below the horizontal branch serving the

68

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

VENTS

915-917.6

I floor, and the upper end shall connect to the vent stack through
a wye not less than 3 feet (914 mm) above the floor.

SECTION 915
VENTS FOR STACK OFFSETS

915.1 Vent for horizontal offset of drainage stack. Horizon-
tal offsets of drainage stacks shall be vented where five or more
branch intervals are located above the offset. The offset shall be
vented by venting the upper section of the drainage stack and
the lower section of the drainage stack.

915.2 Upper section. The upper section of the drainage stack
shall be vented as a separate stack with a vent stack connection
installed in accordance with Section 903.4. The offset shall be
considered the base of the stack.

915.3 Lower section. The lower section of the drainage stack
shall be vented by a yoke vent connecting between the offset
and the next lower horizontal branch. The yoke vent connection
shall be permitted to be a vertical extension of the drainage
stack. The size of the yoke vent and connection shall be a mini-
mum of the size required for the vent stack of the drainage
stack.

SECTION 916
VENT PIPE SIZING

916.1 Size of stack vents and vent stacks. The minimum re-
quired diameter of stack vents and vent stacks shall be deter-
mined from the developed length and the total of drainage
fixture units connected thereto in accordance with Table 916. 1 ,
but in no case shall the diameter be less than one-half the diam-
eter of the drain served or less than 1 V4 inches (32 mm).

916.2 Vents other than stack vents or vent stacks. The diam-
eter of individual vents, branch vents, circuit vents and relief
vents shall be at least one-half the required diameter of the
drain served. The required size of the drain shall be determined
in accordance with Table 710.1(2). Vent pipes shall not be less
than 1 V4 inches (32 nun) in diameter. Vents exceeding 40 feet
(12 192 mm) in developed length shall be increased by one
nominal pipe size for the entire developed length of the vent
pipe. Relief vents for soil and waste stacks in buildings having
more than 10 branch intervals shall be sized in accordance with
Section 914.2.

916.3 Developed length. The developed length of individual,
branch, circuit and relief vents shall be measured from the far-
thest point of vent connection to the drainage system to the
point of connection to the vent stack, stack vent or termination
outside of the building.

916.4 Multiple branch vents. Where multiple branch vents
are connected to a common branch vent, the common branch
vent shall be sized in accordance with this section based on the
size of the common horizontal drainage branch that is or would
be required to serve the total drainage fixture unit (dfu) load be-
ing vented.

916.4.1 Multiple branch vents exceeding 40 feet in devel-
oped length. Multiple branch vents exceeding 40 feet (12
1 92 mm) in developed length shall be increased by one nom-
inal size for the entire developed length of the vent pipe.

916.5 Sump vents. Sump vent sizes shall be determined in ac-
cordance with Sections 916.5.1 and 916.5.2.

916.5.1 Sewage pumps and sewage ejectors other than
pneumatic. Drainage piping below sewer level shall be
vented in a similar manner to that of a gravity system. Build-
ing sump vent sizes for sumps with sewage pumps or sew-
age ejectors, other than pneumatic, shall be determined in
accordance with Table 916.5.1.

916.5.2 Pneumatic sewage ejectors. The air pressure relief
pipe from a pneumatic sewage ejector shall be connected to
an independent vent stack terminating as required for vent
extensions through the roof. The relief pipe shall be sized to
relieve air pressure inside the ejector to atmospheric pres-
sure, but shall not be less than 1 V4 inches (32 mm) in size.

SECTION 917
AIR ADMITTANCE VALVES

917.1 General. Vent systems utilizing air admittance valves
shall comply with this section. Individual- and branch-type air
admittance valves shall conform to ASSE 1051.

917.2 Installation. The valves shall be installed in accordance
with the requirements of this section and the manufacturer's in-
stallation instructions. Air admittance valves shall be installed
after the DWV testing required by Section 312.2 or 312.3 has
been performed.

917.3 Where permitted. Individual, branch and circuit vents
shall be permitted to terminate with a connection to an air ad-
mittance valve. The air admittance valve shall only vent fix-
tures that are on the same floor level and connect to a horizontal
branch drain. The horizontal branch drain shall conform to
Section 917.3.1 or Section 917.3.2.

917.3.1 Location of branch. The horizontal branch drain
shall connect to the drainage stack or building drain a maxi-
mum of four branch intervals from the top of the stack.

917.3.2 Relief vent. The horizontal branch shall be pro-
vided with a relief vent that shall connect to a vent stack, or
stack vent, or extend outdoors to the open air. The relief vent
shall connect to the horizontal branch drain between the
stack or building drain and the most downstream fixture
drain connected to the horizontal branch drain. The relief
vent shall be sized in accordance with Section 916.2 and in-
stalled in accordance with Section 905. The relief vent shall
be permitted to serve as the vent for other fixtures.

917.4 Location. The air admittance valve shall be located a
minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) above the horizontal branch
drain or fixture drain being vented. The air admittance valve
shall be located within the maximum developed length permit-
ted for the vent. The air admittance valve shall be installed a
minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) above insulation materials.

917.5 Access and ventilation. Access shall be provided to all
air admittance valves. The valve shall be located within a venti-
lated space that allows air to enter the valve.

917.6 Size. The air admittance valve shall be rated in accor-
dance with the standard for the size of the vent to which the
valve is connected.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

69

TABLE 91 6 J

VENTS

SIZE

TABLE 916.1
AND DEVELOPED LENGTH OF STACK VENTS AND VENT STACKS

DIAMt r bR OF

TOTAL FIXTURE

MAXIMUM DEVELOPED LENGTH OF VENT (feet)^

SOIL OR WASTE
STACK

UNITS BEING
VENTED

DIAMETER OF VENT (inches)

(inches)

(dfu)

1V4

1\

2

2\

3

4

5

6

8

10

12

IV4

2

30

IV2

8

50

150

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

IV,

10

30

100

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2

12

30

75

200

2

20

26

50

150

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2V,

42

—

30

100

300

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

3

10

42

150

360

1,040

3

21

—

32

110

270

810

—

—

—

—

—

—

3

53

—

27

94

230

680

—

—

—

—

—

—

3

102

25

86

210

620

4

43

—

—

35

85

250

980

—

—

—

—

—

4

140

—

—

27

65

200

750

—

—

—

—

—

4

320

—

23

55

170

640

4

540

—

—

21

50

150

580

—

—

—

—

—

5

190

—

—

—

28

82

320

990

—

—

—

—

5

490

21

63

250

760

5

940

—

—

—

18

53

210

670

—

—

—

—

5

1,400

—

—

—

16

49

190

590

—

—

—

—

6

500

33

130

400

1,000

6

1,100

—

—

—

—

26

100

310

780

—

—

—

6

2,000

—

—

—

—

22

84

260

660

—

—

—

6

2,900

20

77

240

600

8

1,800

—

—

—

—

—

31

95

240

940

—

—

8

3,400

—

—

—

—

—

24

73

190

720

—

—

8

5,600

20

62

160

610

8

7,600

—

—

—

—

—

18

56

140

560

—

—

10

4,000

—

—

—

—

—

—

31

78

310

960

—

10

7,200

24

60

240

740

10

11,000

—

—

—

—

—

20

51

200

630

—

10

15,000

—

—

—

—

—

—

18

46

180

570

—

12

7,300

31

120

380

940

12

13,000

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

24

94

300

720

12

20,000

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

20

79

250

610

12

26,000

—

■

18

72

230

500

15

15,000

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

40

130

310

15

25,000

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

31

96

240

15
15

38,000
50,000

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

26

24

81

74

200
180

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. The developed length shall be measured from the vent connection to the open air.

70

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

VEMTS

TABLE 916.5.1 - TABLE 918.2

TABLE 916.5.1
SIZE AND LENGTH OF SUMP VENTS

DISCHARGE
CAPACITY OF PUMP

(gpm)

MAXIMUM DEVELOPED LENGTH OF VENT (feel)^

Diameter of vent (inches)

1^

1V,

2

2%

3

4

10

No limit''

No limit

No limit

No limit

No limit

No limit

20

270

No limit

No limit

No limit

No limit

No limit

40

72 i

160

No limit

No limit

No limit

No limit

60

31

75

270

No limit

No limit

No limit

80

16 i

41

150

' 380

No limit

No limit

100

10^

25

97

250

No limit

No limit

150

Not permitted

10^

44

110

370

No limit

200

Not permitted

Not permitted

20

60

210

No limit

250

Not permitted

Not permitted

10

36

132

No limit

300

Not permitted

Not permitted

10'=

22

88

380

400

Not permitted

Not permitted

Not permitted

10^

44

210

500

Not permitted '

Not permitted

Not permitted

Not permitted

24

130

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.

a. Developed length plus an appropriate allowance for entrance losses and friction due to fittings, changes in direction and diameter. Suggested allowances shall be
obtained from NBS Monograph 3 1 or other approved sources. An allowance of 50 percent of the developed length shall be assumed if a more precise value is not
available.

b. Actual values greater than 500 feet.

c. Less than 10 feet.

TABLE 918.2

MINIMUM DIAMEljEFt AND MAXIMUM LENGTH OF INDIVIDUAL BRANCH FIXTURE VENTS AND

INDIVIDUAL FIXTURE HEADER VENTS FOR SMOOTH PIPES

DIAMETER
OF VENT

PIPE
(inches)

INDIVIDUAL VENT AIRFLOW RATE (cubic feet per minute)

Maximum developed length of vent (feet)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

%

95

25

13

8

5

4

3

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

%

100

88

47

30

20

15

10

9

7

6

5

4

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

1

1

—

—

100

94

,65

48

37

29

24

20

17

14

12

11

9

8

7

7

6

6

IV,

-

100

87

73

■62

53

46

40

36

32

29

26

23

21

IV.

—

100:

96

84

75

67

60

54

49

45

2

—

—

—

—

^

— -

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

100

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per minute = 0.47 19 L/s.

2000 DNTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

71

917.7-919.2

VENTS

917.7 Vent reqenredo Within each plumbing system, a mini-
mum of one stack vent or vent stack shall extend outdoors to the
open air.

917M Proliibited nmsteMatioims, Air admittance valves shall
not be installed in nonneutralized special waste systems as de-
scribed in Chapter 8. Valves shall not be located in spaces uti-
lized as supply or return air plenums.

SECTi©N918
ENGDGSIEERED VEMT SYSTEMS

918.1 Gemeral. Engineered vent systems shall comply with
this section and the design, submittal, approval, inspection and
testing requirements of Section 105.4.

918.2 Imdnvndeal Ibraimch ISxtere amd imdividnial Hxtare
header veimtts. The maximum developed length of individual
fixture vents to vent branches and vent headers shall be deter-
mined in accordance with Table 918.2 for the minimum pipe
diameters at the indicated vent airflow rates.

The individual vent airflow rate shall be determined in ac-
cordance with the following:

Individual vent developed length shall be increased by 20
percent of the distance from the vent stack to the fixture vent
connection on the vent branch or header.

SECTION 919
RDZED VENT DESDGN

919.1 Design of vent system. The sizing, design and layout of
the vent system shall be permitted to be determined by ap-
proved computer program design methods.

919.2 System capacity. The vent system shall be based on tlie
air capacity requirements of the drainage system under a peak
load condition.

Qh.b = K.b Qv

(Equatioe 9-1)

For SI: 0,,, = 7V„,, a (0.4719 L/s)
where:

Kb

Number of fixtures per header (or vent
branch), total number of fixtures
connected to vent stack.

Qh.b

Vent branch or vent header airflow rate

(cfm).

a

Total vent stack airflow rate (cfm).

e, (gpm) =

27.8 r, 2« (1 - rO D^'^

a(cfm) =

0.134 a (gpm)

where:

D

Drainage stack diameter (inches).

fiw

Design discharge load (gpm).

rs

Wastewater flow area to total area.

Qw

27. SD^'^

Individual vent airflow rates are obtained by equally distrib-
uting Qf,i, into one-half the total number of fixtures on the
branch or header for more than two fixtures; for an odd number
of total fixtures, decrease by one; for one fixture, apply the full
value of <2;,,fo.

72

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

CHAPTER 10

TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS

SECTION 1001
GENERAL

1001.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the material and in-
stallation of traps, interceptors and separators.

SECTION 1002
TRAP REQUIREMENTS

1002.1 Fixture traps. Each plumbing fixture shall be sepa-
rately trapped by a water-seal trap, except as otherwise permit-
ted by this code. The trap shall be placed as close as possible to
the fixture outlet. The vertical distance from the fixture outlet to
the trap weir shall not exceed 24 inches (610 mm). The distance
of a clothes washer standpipe above a trap shall conform to Sec-
tion 802.4. A fixture shall not be double trapped.

Exceptions:

1 . This section shall not apply to fixtures with integral
traps.

2. A combination plumbing fixture is permitted to be in-
stalled on one trap provided that one compartment is
not more than 6 inches (152 mm) deeper than the other
compartment and the waste outlets are not more than
30 inches (762 mm) apart.

3. A grease trap intended to serve as a fixture trap in ac-
cordance with the manufacturer's installation instruc-
tions shall be permitted to serve as the trap for a single
fixture or a combination sink of not more than three
compartments where the vertical distance from the
fixture outlet to the inlet of the interceptor does not ex-
ceed 30 inches (762 mm), and the developed length of
the waste pipe from the most upstream fixture outlet
to the inlet of the interceptor does not exceed 60
inches (1524 mm).

1002.2 Design of traps. Fixture traps shall be self-scouring.
Fixture traps shall not have interior partitions, except where
such traps are integral with the fixture or where such traps are
constructed of an approved material that is resistant to corro-
sion and degradation. Slip joints shall be made with an ap-
proved elastomeric gasket and shall only be installed on the trap
inlet, trap outlet and within the trap seal.

1002.3 Prohibited traps. The following types of traps are pro-
hibited:

1 . Traps that depend on moving parts to maintain the seal.

2. Bell traps.

3. Crown- vented traps.

4. Traps not integral with a fixture and that depend on inte-
rior partitions for the seal, except those traps constructed
of an approved material that is resistant to corrosion
anddegradation.

5. "S" traps.

6. Drum traps.

Exception: Drum traps used as solids interceptors I
and drum traps serving chemical waste systems shall I
not be prohibited.

1002.4 Trap seals. Each fixture trap shall have a hquid seal of
not less than 2 inches (5 1 mm) and not more than 4 inches (102
mm), or deeper for special designs relating to accessible fix-
tures. Where a trap seal is subject to loss by evaporation, a
deep-seal trap consisting of a 4-inch (102 mm) seal or a trap
seal primer valve shall be installed. A trap seal primer valve
shall conform to ASSE 1018 or ASSE 1044.

1002.5 Size of fixture traps. Fixture trap size shall be suffi-
cient to drain the fixture rapidly and not less than the size indi-
cated in Table 709. 1 . A trap shall not be larger than the drainage
pipe into which the trap discharges.

1002.6 Building traps. Building (house) traps shall be prohib- I
ited, except where local conditions necessitate such traps. I
Building traps shall be provided with a cleanout and a relief
vent or fresh air intake on the inlet side of the trap. The size of
the relief vent or fresh air intake shall not be less than one-half
the diameter of the drain to which the relief vent or air intake
connects. Such relief vent or fresh air intake shall be carried
above grade and shall be terminated in a screened outlet located
outside the building.

1002.7 Trap setting and protection. Traps shall be set level
with respect to the trap seal and, where necessary, shall be pro-
tected from freezing.

1002.8 Recess for trap connection. A recess provided for con-
nection of the underground trap, such as one serving a bathtub
in slab-type construction, shall have sides and a bottom of cor-
rosion-resistant, insect- and verminproof construction.

1002.9 Acid-resisting traps. Where a vitrified clay or other
brittleware, acid-resisting trap is installed underground, such
trap shall be embedded in concrete extending 6 inches (152
mm) beyond the bottom and sides of the trap.

1002.10 Plumbing in mental health centers. In mental health
centers, pipes and traps shall not be exposed.

SECTION 1003
INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS

1003.1 Where required. Interceptors and separators shall be
provided to prevent the discharge of oil, grease, sand and other
substances harmful or hazardous to the building drainage sys-
tem, the public sewer, or sewage treatment plant or processes.

1003.2 Approval. The size, type and location of each intercep-
tor and of each separator shall be designed and installed in ac-
cordance with the manufacturer's instructions and the
requirements of this section based on the anticipated condi-
tions of use. Wastes that do not require treatment or separation
shall not be discharged into any interceptor or separator.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

73

1003.3-1003.10

TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS

L3 Grease traps and grease interceptors. Grease traps
and grease interceptors shall comply with the requirements of
Sections 1003.3.1 through 1003.3.4.2.

L3.1 Grease traps and grease interceptors required.
A grease trap or grease interceptor shall be required to re-
ceive the drainage from fixtures and equipment with
grease-laden waste located in food preparation areas, such
as in restaurants, hotel kitchens, hospitals, school kitchens,
bars, factory cafeterias, or restaurants and clubs.

5.3.2 Food waste grinders. Where food waste grinders
connect to grease traps or grease interceptors, the grease in-
terceptor shall be sized and rated for the discharge of the
food waste grinder.

.3.3 Grease trap and grease interceptor not re-
quired. A grease trap or a grease interceptor shall not be re-
quired for individual dwelling units or any private living
quarters.

1®03,3.4! Grease traps. Grease traps shall conform to PDI
GlOl.

.3.4.1 Grease trap capacity. Grease traps shall
have the grease retention capacity indicated in Table
1003.3.4.1 for the flow-through rates indicated.

TABLE 1003.3.4.1
CAPACITY OF GREASE TRAPS

TOTAL FLOW-THROUGH RATING
(gpm)

GREASE RETENTION CAPACITY
(pounds)

4

8

6

12

7

14

9

18

10

20

12

24

14

28

15

30

18

36

20

40

25

50

35

70

50

100

For SI: 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.

.3.4,2 Rate of flow controls. Grease traps shall be
equipped with devices to control the rate of water flow so
that the water flow does not exceed the rated flow. The
flow-control device shall be vented and terminate not
less than 6 inches (152 mm) above the flood rim level or
be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's in-
structions.

,4 Oil separators required. At repair garages; gasoline
stations with grease racks, grease pits or work racks;
carwashing facilities with engine or undercarriage cleaning ca-
pability; and at factories where oily and flanunable liquid

wastes are produced, separators shall be installed into which all I
oil-bearing, grease-bearing or flammable wastes shall be dis-
charged before emptying in the building drainage system or
other point of disposal.

1003.4.1 Separation of liquids. A mixture of treated or un-
treated light and heavy liquids with various specific gravi-
ties shall be separated in an approved receptacle. 4m^

1003.4.2 Oi! separator design. Oil separators shall be de- I
signed in accordance with Sections 1003.4.2.1 and
1003.4.2.2. I

5.4.2.1 General design requirements. Oil separa-
tors shall have a depth of not less than 2 feet (610 mm) be-
low the invert of the discharge drain. The outlet opening
of the separator shall have not less than an 18-inch (457
mm) water seal.

1003.4.2.2 Garages and service stations. Where auto-
mobiles are serviced, greased, repaired, washed or where
gasoline is dispensed, oil separators shall have a mini-
mum capacity of 6 cubic feet (0. 168 m^) for the first 100
square feet (9.3 m^) of area to be drained, plus 1 cubic
foot(0.28 m^) for each additional 100 square feet (9.3 m^)
of area to be drained into the separator. Parking garages
in which servicing, repairing or washing is not con-
ducted, and in which gasoline is not dispensed, shall not
require a separator. Areas of commercial garages utilized
only for storage of automobiles are not required to be
drained through a separator.

1003.5 Sand interceptors in commercial establishments.
Sand and similar interceptors for heavy solids shall be designed
and located so as to be provided with ready access for cleaning,
and shall have a water seal of not less than 6 inches (152 mm) .

1003.6 Laundries. Commercial laundries shall be equipped
with an interceptor with a wire basket or similar device, remov-
able for cleaning, that prevents passage into the drainage sys-
tem of solids 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) or larger in size, string, rags,
buttons or other materials detrimental to the pubhc sewage sys-
tem.

1003.7 Bottling establishments. BottHng plants shall dis-
charge process wastes into an interceptor that will provide for
the separation of broken glass or other sohds before discharg-
ing waste into the drainage system.

1003.8 Slaughterhouses. Slaughtering room and dressing
room drains shall be equipped with approved sepaiators. The
separator shall prevent the discharge into the drainage system
of feathers, entrails and other materials that cause clogging.

1003.9 Venting of interceptors and separators. Interceptors
and separators shall be designed so as not to become air bound
where tight covers are utiUzed. Each interceptor or separator
shall be vented where subject to a loss of trap seal.

1003.10 Access and maintenance of interceptors and sepa-
rators. Access shall be provided to each interceptor and sepa-
rator for service and maintenance. Interceptors and separators
shall be maintained by periodic removal of accumulated
grease, scum, oil, or other floating substances and solids depos-
ited in the interceptor or separator.

•

74

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS 1 004 - 1 004.1

SECTION 1004

1ATER8ALS, JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

LI General. The materials and methods utihzed for the
construction and installation of traps, interceptors and separa-
tors shall comply with this chapter and the applicable provi-
sions of Chapters 4 and 7. The fittings shall not have ledges,
shoulders or reductions capable of retarding or obstructing
flow of the piping.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING COBE® 75

76 2000 INTERMATIONAL PLUWiBING CODE®

CHAPTER 11

STORM DRAINAGE

SECTION 1101
GENERAL

1101.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
materials, design, construction and installation of storm drain-
age.

1101.2 Where required. All roofs, paved areas, yards, courts
and courtyards shall drain into a separate storm sewer system,
or a combined sewer system, or to an approved place of dis-
posal. For one- and two-family dwellings, and where approved,
storm water is permitted to discharge onto flat areas, such as
streets or lawns, provided that the storm water flows away from
the building.

1101.3 Prohibited drainage. Storm water shall not be drained
into sewers intended for sewage only.

1101.4 Tests. The conductors and the building storm drain
shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.

1101.5 Continuous flow. The size of a drainage pipe shall not
be reduced in the direction of flow.

1101.6 Fittings and connections. All connections and
changes in direction of the storm drainage system shall be made
with approved drainage-type fittings in accordance with Table
706.3. The fittings shall not obstruct or retard flow in the sys-
tem.

1101.7 Roof design. Roofs shall be designed for the maximum
possible depth of water that will pond thereon as determined by
the relative levels of roof deck and overflow weirs, scuppers,
edges or serviceable drains in combination with the deflected
structural elements. In determining the maximum possible
depth of water, all primary roof drainage means shall be as-
sumed to be blocked.

1101.8 Cleanouts required. Cleanouts shall be installed in the
storm drainage system and shall comply with the provisions of
this code for sanitary drainage pipe cleanouts.

1101.9 Backwater valves. Backwater valves installed in a
storm drainage system shall conform to Section 715.

SECTION 1102
MATERIALS

1102.1 General. The materials and methods utilized for the
constmction and installation of storm drainage systems shall
comply with this section and the applicable provisions of Chap-
ter 7.

1102.2 Inside storm drainage conductors. Inside storm
drainage conductors installed above ground shall conform to
one of the standards listed in Table 702.1.

1102.3 Underground building storm drain pipe. Under-
ground building storm drain pipe shall conform to one of the
standards listed in Table 702.2.

1102.4 Building storm sewer pipe. Building storm sewer pipe
shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 1 102.4.

TABLE 1102.4
BUILDING STORM SEWER PIPE

MATERIAL

STANDARD

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS) plastic pipe

ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 2751;
ASTM F 628

Asbestos-cement pipe

ASTM C 428

Cast-iron pipe

ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CISPI 301

Concrete pipe

ASTM C 14; ASTM C 76;

CSAA257.1M;CSA
CAN/CSA A257.2M

Copper or copper-alloy tubing
(Type K, L, M or DWV)

ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88;
ASTM B 251; ASTM B 306

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe (Type DWV,
SDR26, SDR35, SDR41,
PSSOorPSlOO)

ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 3034;
ASTM F 891; CSA-B 182.2;
CSACAN/CSA-B182.4

Vitrified clay pipe

ASTM C 4; ASTM C 700

Stainless steel drainage
systems, Type 31 6L

ASMEAl 12.3.1

1102.5 Subsoil drain pipe. Subsoil drains shall be
open-jointed, horizontally split or perforated pipe conforming
to one of the standards listed in Table 1102.5.

TABLE 1102.5
SUBSOIL DRAIN PIPE

MATERIAL

STANDARD

Asbestos-cement pipe

ASTM C 508

Cast-iron pipe

ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CISPI 301

Polyethylene (PE) plas\tic pipe

ASTM F 405

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe (type sewer pipe,
PS25,PS50orPS100)

ASTM D 2729; ASTM F 891;
CSA-B182.2;CSA

CAN/CSA-B 182.4

Vitrified clay pipe

ASTM C 4; ASTM C 700

Stainless steel drainage systems.
Type 316L

ASMEAl 12.3.1

1102.6 Roof drains. Roof drains shall conform to ASME

A112.21.2orASMEA112.3.1. I

1102.7 Fittings. Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation
with the piping material installed, and shall conform to the re-
spective pipe standards or one of the standards listed in Table
1 102.7. The fittings shall not have ledges, shoulders or reduc-
tions capable of retarding or obstructing flow in the piping.
Threaded drainage pipe fittings shall be of the recessed drain-
age type.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

77

TABLE 1102.7-1106.6

STORM DRAINAGE

TABLE 1102.7
PIPE FITTINGS

MATERIAL

STANDARD

Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS) plastic

ASTM D 2468; ASTM D 2661

Cast iron

ASME B16.4; ASME B16.12;
ASTMA888;CISPI301;
ASTM A 74

Chlorinated polyvinyl
chloride (CPVC) plastic

ASTM F 437; ASTM F 438;
ASTM F 439

Copper or copper alloy

ASME B16.15; ASME B16.18;
ASME B 16.22; ASME B 16.23;
ASME B 16.26; ASME B 16.29

Gray iron and ductile iron

AWWACllO

Malleable iron

ASME B 16.3

Plastic, general

ASTM F 409

Polyethylene (PE) plastic

ASTM D 2609

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic

ASTM D 2464; ASTM D 2466;
ASTM D 2467;
CSACAN/CSA-B 137.2;
ASTM D 2665

Steel

ASME B16.9; ASME B16.il;
ASME B 16.28

Stainless steel drainage
systems, Type 316L

ASMEA112.3.1

SECTION 1103
TRAPS

.1 Main trap. Leaders and storm drains connected to a
combined sewer shall be trapped. Individual storm water traps
shall be installed on the storm water drain branch serving each
conductor, or a single trap shall be installed in the main storm
drain just before its connection with the combined building
sewer or the public sewer.

11®3.2 Material. Storm water traps shall be of the same mate-
rial as the piping system to which they are attached.

11®3.3 Size. Traps for individual conductors shall be the same
size as the horizontal drain to which they are connected.

1103.4 Cleanout. An accessible cleanout shall be installed on
the building side of the trap.

SECTION 1104
CONDUCTORS AND CONNECTIONS

1104,1 Prohibited use. Conductor pipes shall not be used as
soil, waste or vent pipes, and soil, waste or vent pipes shall not
be used as conductors.

.2 Combining storm with sanitary drainage. The sani-
tary and storm drainage systems of a structure shall be entirely
separate except where combined sewer systems are utilized.
Where a combined sewer is utilized, the building storm drain
shall be connected in the same horizontal plane through a sin-
gle-wye fitting to the combined sewer at least 10 feet(3048
mm) downstream from any soil stack.

1104.3 Floor drains. Floor drains shall not be connected to a
storm drain.

SECTION 1105
ROOF DRAINS

1105.1 Strainers. Roof drains shall have strainers extending
not less than 4 inches (102 mm) above the surface of the roof
immediately adjacent to the roof drain. Strainers shall have an
available inlet area, above roof level, of not less than one and
one-half times the area of the conductor or leader to which the
drain is connected.

1105.2 Flat decks. Roof drain strainers for use on sun decks,
parking decks and similar areas that are normally serviced and
maintained shall comply with Section 1 105.1 or shall be of the
flat-surface type, installed level with the deck, with an available
inlet aiea not less than two times the area of the conductor or
leader to which the drain is connected.

1105.3 Roof drain flashings. The connection between roofs
and roof drains which pass through the roof and into the interior
of the building shall be made water tight by the use of approved
flashing material.

SECTION 1106

SIZE OF CONDUCTORS, LEADERS

AND STORM DRAINS

1106.1 General. The size of the vertical conductors and lead-
ers, building storm drains, building storm sewers, and any hori-
zontal branches of such drains or sewers shall be based on the
100-year hourly rainfall rate indicated in Figure 1106.1 or on
other rainfall rates determined from approved local weather
data.

1106.2 Vertical conductors and leaders. Vertical conductors
and leaders shall be sized for the maximum projected roof area,
in accordance with Table 1 106.2.

1106.3 Building storm drains and sewers. The size of the
building storm drain, building storm sewer and their horizontal
branches having a slope of one-half unit or less vertical in 12
units horizontal (4-percent slope) shall be based on the maxi-
mum projected roof area in accordance with Table 1 106.3. The
minimum slope of horizontal branches shall be one-eighth unit
vertical in 12 units horizontal (1 -percent slope) unless other-
wise approved.

1106.4 Vertical walls. In sizing roof drains and storm drainage
piping, one-half of the area of any vertical wall that diverts rain-
water to the roof shall be added to the projected roof area for in-
clusion in calculating the required size of vertical conductors,
leaders and horizontal storm drainage piping.

1106.5 Parapet wall scupper location. Parapet wall roof
drainage scupper and overflow scupper location shall comply
with the requirements of the International Building Code.

1106.6 Size of roof gutters. The size of semicircular gutters
shall be based on the maximum projected roof area in accor-
dance with Table 1 106.6.

•

78

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

STORM DRAINAGE

FIGURE 1106.1

4.28

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, D.C.

FIGURE 1106.1

100-YEAR, 1-HOUR RAINFALL (INCHES)

EASTERN UNITED STATES

(continued)

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

79

FIGURE 1106.1

STORBfl DRAINAGE

2.75

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, D.C.

FIGURE 1106.1— continued

100-YEAR, 1-HOUR RAINFALL (INCHES)

CENTRAL UNITED STATES

(continued)

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

STORM DRAINAGE

FIGURE 1106.1

•

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, D.C.

FIGURE 1106.1— continued

100-YEAR, 1-HOUR RAINFALL (INCHES)

WESTERN UNITED STATES

(continued)

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

81

FIGURE 1106.1

STORM DRAINAGE

i«o ^/^o'> 1350

BARTER

100

.84

a

ATTU

S-IER/TVAAFB

.9

ADAt^
AI}flCHITKA

•"ATKA

170° 175°

180°

175° 170° 165° 180°

110° 135° 130

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 nun.

Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, D.C.

FJGURE 1106.1— continued

100-YEAR, 1-HOUR RAINFALL (INCHES)

ALASKA

(continued)

82

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

STORM DRAINAGE

FIGURE 1106.1

fji

S

^v^

7/

^

:^^

r <

f*

V^

/ 2

'1

1

" J

0|

^ V

3

o

_l

o

■^1

-r^^

^

"X

''*s<-;r»

/i

/

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, D.C.

FIGURE 1106.1— continued

100-YEAR, 1-HOUR RAINFALL (INCHES)

HAWAII

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

83

TABLE 1 1 06.2 - TABLE 1 1 06.3

STORM DRAINAGE

TABLE 1106.2
SJZE OF VERTICAL CONDUCTORS AND LEADERS

DIAMETER OF

LEADER
(Inches)^

HORIZONTALLY PROJECTED ROOF AREA (square feet)

Rainfall rate (inches per hour)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

13

2

2,880

1,440

960

720

575

480

410

360

320

290

260

240

3

8,800

4,400

2,930

2,200

1,760

1,470

1,260

1,100

980

880

800

730

4

18,400

9,200

6,130

4,600

3,680

3,070

2,630

2,300

2,045

1,840

1,675

1,530

5

34,600

17,300

11,530

8,650

6,920

5,765

4,945

4,325

3,845

3,460

3,145

2,880

6

54,000

27,000

17,995

13,500

10,800

9,000

7,715

6,750

6,000

5,400

4,910

4,500

8

116,000

58,000

38,660

29,000

23,200

19,315

16,570

14,500

12,890

11,600

10,545

9,660

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 ml

A. Sizes indicated are the diameter of circular piping. This table is applicable to piping of other shapes provided the cross-sectional shape fully encloses a circle of the
diameter indicated in this table.

TABLE 1106.3
SIZE OF HORIZONTAL STORM DRAINAGE PIPING

SIZE OF

HORIZONTAL

PIPING

(inches)

HORIZONTALLY PROJECTED ROOF AREA (square feet)

Rainfall rate (inches per hour)

1

2

3

4

5

6

Vg unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1 -percent slope)

3

3,288

1,644

1,096

822

657

548

4

7,520

3,760

2,506

1,880

1,504

1,253

5

13,360

6,680

4,453

3,340

2,672

2,227

6

21,400

10,700

7,133

5,350

4,280

3,566

8

46,000

23,000

15,330

11,500

9,200

7,600

10

82,800

41,400

27,600

20,700

16,580

13,800

12

133,200

66,600

44,400

33,300

26,650

22,200

15

218,000

109,000

72,800

59,500

47,600

39,650

V4 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope)

3

4,640

2,320

1,546

1,160

928

773

4

10,600

5,300

3,533

2,650

2,120

1,766

5

18,880

9,440

6,293

4,720

3,776

3,146

6

30,200

15,100

10,066

7,550

6,040

5,033

8

65,200

32,600

21,733

16,300

13,040

10,866

10

116,800

58,400

38,950

29,200

23,350

19,450

12

188,000

94,000

62,600

47,000

37,600

31,350

15

336,000

168,000

112,000

84,000

67,250

56,000

V2unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (4-percent slope)

3

6,576

3,288

2,295

1,644

1,310

1,096

4

15,040

7,520

5,010

3,760

3,010

2,500

5

26,720

13,360

8,900

6,680

5,320

4,450

6

42,800

21,400

13,700

10,700

8,580

7,140

8

92,000

46,000

30,650

23,000

18,400

15,320

10

171,600

85,800

55,200

41,400

33,150

27,600

12

266,400

133,200

88,800

66,600

53,200

44,400

15

476,000

238,000

158,800

119,000

95,300

79,250

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

STORM DRAINAGE

TABLE 1106.6 -1108.1

TABLE 1106.6
SIZE OF SEMICIRCULAR ROOF GUTTERS

DIAMETER

OF GUTTERS

(inches)

HORIZONTALLY PROJECTED ROOF AREA (square feet)

RAINFALL RATE (Inches per hour)

1

2

3

4

5

6

Vjg unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (0.5-percent slope)

3

680

340

226

170

136

113

4

1,440

720

480

360

288

240

5

2,500

1,250

834

625

500

416

6

3,840

1,920

1,280

960

768

640

7

5,520

2,760

1,840

1,380

1,100

918

8

7,960

3,980

2,655

1,990

1,590

1,325

10

14,400

7,200

4,800

3,600

2,880

2,400

Vg unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1 -percent slope)

3

960

480

320

240

192

160

4

2,040

1,020

681

510

408

340

5

3,520

1,760

1,172

880

704

587

6

5,440

2,720

1,815

1,360

1,085

905

7

7,800

3,900

2,600

1,950

1,560

1,300

8

11,200

5,600

3,740

2,800

2,240

1,870

10

20,400

10,200

6,800

5,100

4,080

3,400

V4 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope)

3

1,360

680

454

340

272

226

4

2,880

1,440

960

720

576

480

5

5,000

2,500

1,668

1,250

1,000

834

6

7,680

3,840

2,560

1,920

1,536

1,280

7

11,040

5,520

3,860

2,760

2,205

1,840

8

15,920

7,960

5,310

3,980

3,180

2,655

10

28,800

14,400

9,600

7,200

5,750

4,800

V2 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (4-percent slope)

3

1,920

960

640

480

384

320

4

4,080

2,040

1,360

1,020

816

680

5

7,080

3,540

2,360

1,770

1,415

1,180

6

11,080

5,540

3,695

2,770

2,220

1,850

7

15,600

7,800

5,200

3,900

3,120

2,600

8

22,400

11,200

7,460

5,600

4,480

3,730

10

40,000

20,000

13,330

10,000

8,000

6,660

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^.

SECTION 1107
SECONDARY (EMERGENCY) ROOF DRAINS

1107.1 Secondary drainage required. Secondary (emer-
gency) roof drains or scuppers shall be provided where the roof
perimeter construction extends above the roof in such a manner
that water will be entrapped if the primary drains allow buildup
for any reason.

1107.2 Separate systems required. Secondary roof drain sys-
tems shall have piping and point of discharge separate from the
primary system. Discharge shall be above grade in a location
which would normally be observed !by the building occupants
or maintenance personnel.

1107.3 Sizing of secondary drains. Secondary (emergency)
>roof drain systems shall be sized in accordance with Section

1 106 based on the rainfall rate for which the primary system is

sized in Tables 1106.2, 1106.3 and 1106.6. Scuppers shall be
sized to prevent the depth of ponding water from exceeding that
for which the roof was designed as determined by Section
1 101.7. Scuppers shall not have an opening dimension of less
than 4 inches (102 mm). The flow through the primary system
shall not be considered when sizing the secondary roof drain
system.

SECTION 1108
COMBINED SANITARY AND STORM SYSTEM

1108.1 Size of combined drains and sewers. The size of a
combination sanitary and storm drain or sewer shall be com-
puted in accordance with the method in Section 1106.3. The
fixture units shall be converted into an equivalent projected

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

85

1109-1113.1.4

STORM DRAINAGE

roof or paved area. Where the total fixture load on the com-
bined drain is less than or equal to 256 fixture units, the equiva-
lent drainage area in horizontal projection shall be taken as
4,000 square feet (372 m^). Where the total fixture load exceeds
256 fixture units, each additional fixture unit shall be consid-
ered the equivalent of 15.6 square feet (1.5 m^) of drainage
area. These values are based on a rainfall rate of 1 inch (25 mm)
per hour.

SECTION 1112
BUILDING SUBORAINS

1112.1 Building subdrains. Building subdrains located below
the public sewer level shall discharge into a sump or receiving
tank, the contents of which shall be automatically lifted and
discharged into the drainage system as required for building
sumps. The sump and pumping equipment shall comply with
Section 1113.1.

SECTION 1109

VALUES FOR CONTINUOUS FLOW

Equivalent roof area. Where there is a continuous or
semicontinuous discharge into the building storm drain or
building storm sewer, such as from a pump, ejector, air condi-
tioning plant or similar device, each gallon per minute (L/m) of
such discharge shall be computed as being equivalent to 96
square feet (9 m-) of roof area, based on a rainfall rate of 1 inch
(25.4 nmn) per hour.

SECTION 1110
CONTROLLED FLOW ROOF DRAIN SYSTEMS

.1 GeeeraL The roof of a structure shall be designed for
the storage of water where the storm drainage system is
engineered for controlled flow. The controlled flow roof drain
system shall be an engineered system in accordance with this
section and the design, submittal, approval, inspection and test-
ing requirements of Section 105.4. The controlled flow system
shall be designed based on the required rainfall rate in accor-
dance with Section 1106.1.

1110.2 Control devices. The control devices shall be installed
so that the rate of discharge of water per minute shall not exceed
the values for continuous flow as indicated in Section 1 109. 1 .

h3 Installation. Runoff control shall be by control de-
vices. Control devices shall be protected by strainers.

K4 Minimum number of roof drains. Not less than two
roof drains shall be installed in roof areas 10,000 square feet
(930 m^) or less and not less than four roof drains shall be in-
stalled in roofs over 10,000 square feet (930 m^) in area.

SECTION 1113
SUMPS AND PUMPING SYSTEMS

1113.1 Pumping system. The sump pump, pit and discharge
piping shall conform to Sections 1113.1.1 through 1113.1.4.

1113.1.1 Pump capacity and head. The sump pump shall
be of a capacity and head appropriate to anticipated use re-
quirements.

1113.1.2 Construction. The sump pit shall not be less than
18 inches (457 nmi) in diameter and shall be constructed of
tile, steel, plastic, cast iron, concrete or other approved ma-
terial, with a removable cover adequate to support antici-
pated loads in area of use. The pit floor shall provide
permanent support for the pump.

1113.1.3 Electrical. Electrical service outlets, when re-
quired, shall meet the requirements of the ICC Electrical
Code.

1113.1.4 Piping. Discharge piping shall meet the require-
ments of Section 1 102.2, 1 102.3 or 1 102.4 and shall include
a gate valve and a full flow check valve. Pipe and fittings
shall be the same size as, or larger than, pump discharge tap-
ping.

Exception: In one- and two-family dwellings, only a
check valve shall be required, located on the discharge
piping from the pump or ejector.

SECTION 1111
SUBSOIL DRAINS

1111.1 Subsoil drains. Subsoil drains shall be open-jointed,
horizontally split or perforated pipe conforming to one of the
standards listed in Table 1102.5. Such drains shall not be less
than 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter. Where the building is sub-
ject to backwater, the subsoil drain shall be protected by an ac-
cessibly located backwater valve. Subsoil drains shall
discharge to a trapped area drain, sump, dry well or approved
location above ground. The subsoil sump shall not be required
to have either a gas-tight cover or a vent. The sump and pump-
ing system shall comply with Section 1113.1.

86

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

CHAPTER 12

SPECIAL PIPING AND STORAGE SYSTEMS

SECTION 1201
GENERAL

1201.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
design and installation of piping and storage systems for non-
flammable medical gas systems and nonmedical oxygen sys-
tems. All maintenance and operations of such systems shall be
in accordance with the International Fire Code.

SECTION 1202
MEDICAL GASES

1202.1 Nonflammable medical gases. Nonflammable medi-
cal gas systems, inhalation anesthetic systems and vacuum pip-
ing systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with
NFPA 99C.

Exceptions:

1 . This section shall not apply to portable systems or cyl-
inder storage.

2. Vacuum system exhaust shall comply with the Inter-
national Mechanical Code.

SECTION 1203
OXYGEN SYSTEMS

1203.1 Design and installation. Nonmedical oxygen systems
shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 50
and NFPA 51.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 87

88 2000 DNTERNATDONAL PLUMBING CODE®

CHAPTER 13

REFERENCED STANDARDS

This chapter Hsts the standards that are referenced in various sections of this document. The standards are listed herein by the
promulgating agency of the standard, the standard identification, the effective date and title, and the section or sections of this
document that reference the standard. The application of the referenced standards shall be as specified in Section 102.8.

ANSI

Standard

Referenced

Reference

in code

Number

Title

section number

Z4.3— 95
Z2 1.22— 86
Z124.1— 95
Z 124.2— 95
Z 124.3— 95
Z 124.4— 96
Zl 24.6— 97

American National Standards Institute
25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor
New York. NY 10036

Title

Minimum Requirements for Nonsewered Waste-Disposal Systems 311.1

Relief Valves and Automatic Gas Shutoff Devices for Hot Water Supply Systems — with 1990 Addendum 504.2, 504.5

Plastic Bathtub Units 407.1

Plastic Shower Receptors and Shower Stalls 417.1

Plastic Lavatories 416.1, 416.2

Plastic Water Closet Bowls and Tanks 420.1

Plastic Sinks 415.1, 418.1

ARI

Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute
4301 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 425
Arlington, VA 22203

Standard
reference
number

Tide

Referenced

in code

section number

1010—94

Self-Contained, Mechanically-Refrigerated Drinking-Water Coolers 410.1

ASME

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Three Park Avenue

New York, NY 10016-5990

Standard

Referenced

Reference

in code

Number

Title

section number

Al 12.1.2—98
Al 12.3.1— 93

Al 12.6.1— 88
Al 12.14.1— 98
A112.I8.1M— 96
Al 12.18.3— 96
A112.19.1M— 94
A112.19.2M— 98
A112.19.3M— (R1996)
A112.19.4M— 94
Al 12.19.5— 98
Al 12.19.6— 95
A112.19.7M— 95
Al 12.19.8— 96
Al 12.19.9— 91
Al 12.21. IM— 98
A112.21.2M— 91
(Note: All 2.26. 1—84 has
Al 12.4.1—93

Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems Table 608. 1

Performance Standard and Installation Procedures for Stainless Steel Drainage Systems for Sanitary, Storm and

Chemical Applications, Above and Below Ground 412.1, Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3,

Table 702.4, 708.2, Table 1102.4, Table 1102.5, 1102.6, Table 1102.7

Supports for Off-the-Floor Plumbing Fixtures for Public Use 405.4.3

Backwater Valves 715.2

Plumbing Fixture Fittings — with 1995 Errata 424.1

Performance Requirements for Backflow Protection Devices and Systems in Plumbing Fixture Fittings .... 424.5, 608.15.4.3

Enameled Cast Iron Plumbing Fixtures 407.1,410.1,415.1,416.1,418.1

Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures— with 1996 Errata 401.2, 408.1, 410.1, 416.1, 418.1, 419.1, 420.1

Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures (Designed for Residential Use) 415.1, 416.1, 418.1

Porcelain Enameled Formed Steel Plumbing Fixtures 407.1, 416.1, 418.1

Trim for Water-Closet Bowls, Tanks, and Urinals 425.4

Hydraulic Performance Requirements for Water Closets and Urinals 419.1, 420.1

Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances 42 1 . 1

Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Whirlpool Bathmb Appliances 421.4

Non-Vitreous Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures 407.1, 408.1, 410.1, 415.1, 416.1, 417.1, 418.1, 420.1

Floor Drains 412.1

Roof Drains 1 102.6

been discontinued and has not been replaced by ASME.)

Water Heater Relief Valve Drain Tubes 504.6.2

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

89

REFERENCED STANDARDS

Al 12.36.2—91 (R1998)
B 1.20. 1—83

B 16.3— 92
B 16.4—92
B 16.9—93
B16.il— 97
B 16. 12— 91
B16.15— (R1994)
B16.18— R94
B 16.22— 95
B16.23— 92
B 16.26—88
B 16.28— 94
B 16.29— 94
B 16.32—92

ASME — continued

Cleanouts 708.2

Pipe Threads, General Purpose (inch) . . . . ; 605.10.3, 605.12.3, 605.14.4, 605.16.3, 605.18.1,

705, 705.2.3, 705.4.3

Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings Table 605.6, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7

Cast Iron Threaded Fittings Table 605.6, Table 702.4, Table 1102.7

Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings Table 605.6, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7

Forged Steel Fittings, Socket- Welding and Threaded Table 605.6, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7

Cast-iron Threaded Drainage Fittings Table 605.6, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7

Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings Table 605.6, Table 702.4, Table 1102.7

Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings Table 605.6, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7

Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings Table 605.6, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7

Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings (DWV)— with 1994 Errata Table 605.6, Table 702.4, Table 1102.7

Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes Table 605.6, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7

Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and Returns Table 605.6, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7

Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings— DWV . . Table 605.6, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7

Cast Copper Alloys Solder Joint Fittings for Solvent Drain Systems Table 605.6, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7

ASSE

American Society of Sanitary Engineering
28901 Clemens Road
Westlake, OH 44145

Standard

Referenced

Reference

in code

Number

Title

section number

1001—90
1002—99
1003—95
1004—90
1005—86
1006—89
1007—92
c-> 1008—89
1009—90
1010—98
101 1—95
1012—95

1013—93
1014—90
1015—93
1016—96

1018—86
1019—97

1020—97
1022—98
1024—98

1025—78

1032—80

1035—95
1037—90
1044—86

Performance Requirements for Pipe Applied Atmospheric Type Vacuum Breakers 425.3, Table 608.1, 608.13.6

Performance Requirements for Water Closet Flush Tank Ball Cocks 425.4.1, Table 608.1

Performance Requirements for Water Pressure Reducing Valves for Domestic Water Supply Systems 604.8

Performance Requirements for Commercial Dishwashing Machines 409. 1

Performance Requirements for Water Heater Drain Valves — with 1986 Revision 501 .3

Performance Requirements for Residential Use (Household) Dishwashers 409.1

Performance Requirements for Home Laundry Equipment 406.1, 406.2

Performance Requirements for Household Food Waste Disposer Units 413.1

Performance Requirements for Commercial Food Waste Grinder Units 413.1

Performance Requirements for Water Hammer Arresters 604.9

Performance Requirements for Hose Connection Vacuum Breakers Table 608.1, 608.13.6

Performance Requirements for Backflow Preventers with
Intermediate Atmospheric Vent Table 608.1, 608.13.3, 608.16.1, 608.16.2

Performance Requirements for Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Preventers Table 608.1, 608.13.2, 608.16.2

Performance Requirements for Handheld Showers 424.3

Performance Requirements for Double Check Backflow Prevention Assembly — with 1993 Revision . . . Table 608.1, 608.13.7

Performance Requirements for Individual Thermostatic, Pressure Balancing and
Combination Control Valves for Bathing Facilities 424.4

Performance Requirements for Trap Seal Primer Valves; Water Supply Fed — with 1986 Revision 1002.4

Performance Requirements for Wall Hydrants, Freezeless, Automatic Draining,
Anti-Backflow Types Table 608.1, 608.13.6

Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assembly Table 608.1, 608.13.5

Performance Requirements for Backflow Preventer for Carbonated Beverage Machines 608.16.1

Performance Requirements for Dual Check Valve Type Backflow Preventers

(for Residential Supply Service or Individual Outlets) 605.4.1, Table 608.1

Performance Requirements for Diverters for Plumbing Faucets with
Hose Spray, Anti-Siphon Type, Residential Applications 424.2

Performance Requirements for Dual Check Valve Type Backflow Preventers;

for Carbonated Beverage Dispensers — Post Mix-Types Table 608.1, 608.16.1

Performance Requirements for Laboratory Faucet Backflow Preventers Table 608.1, 608.13.6

Performance Requirements for Pressurized Flushing Devices for Plumbing Fixtures 425.3

Performance Requirements for Trap Seal Primer Valves; Drainage Type 1002.4

90

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

REFERENCED STANDARDS

1047—95
1048—95
1051—98

1052—94
1055—97
1056—95
1060—96

5010-1013-1—91

5010-1015-1—91
5010-1015-2—91

5010-1015-3—91

5010-1015-4—91
5010-1020-1—91
5010-1047-1—91

5010-1048-1—91
5010-1048-2—91

5010-1048-3—91

5010-1048-4—91

ASSE — continued

Performance Requirements for Reduced Pressure Detector Assembly Backflow Preventers Table 608.1, 608.13.2

Performance Requirements for Double Check Detector Assembly Backflow Preventer Table 608.1, 608.13.7

Performance Requirements for Air Admittance Valves for Plumbing Drainage Systems, Fixture and

Branch Devices 917.1

Performance Requirements for Hose Connection Backflow Preventers Table 608.1, 608.13.6

Performance Requirements for Chemical Dispensing Systems 608.13.9

Back Siphonage Vacuum Breaker Table 608.1, 608.13.5, 608.13.8

Performance Requirements for Outdoor Enclosures ibr

Backflow Prevention Assemblies 608.14.1

Field Test Procedure for a Reduced Pressure Principle Assembly

Using a Differential Pressure Gauge — with August 1992 Revisions 312.9.2

Field Test Procedure for a Double Check Valve Assembly Using a Duplex Gauge— with August 1992 Revisions 312.9.2

Field Test Procedure for a Double Check Valve Assembly Using a Differential

Pressure Gauge — High-and Low-Pressure Hose Method — with August 1992 Revisions 312.9.2

Field Test Procedure for a Double Check Valve Assembly Using a Differential

Pressure Gauge — High Pressure Hose Method — with August 1992 Revisions 312.9.2

Field Test Procedure for a Double Check Valve Assembly Using a Sight Tube — with August 1992 Revisions 312.9.2

Field Test Procedure for a Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assembly 312.9.2

Field Test Procedure for a Reduced Pressure Detector Assembly Using a Differential

Pressure Gauge — with August 1992 Revisions 312.9.2

Field Test Procedure for a Double Check Detector Assembly Using a Duplex Gauge — with August 1992 Revisions . . 312.9.2
Field Test Procedure for a Double Check Detector Assembly Using a Differential

Pressure Gauge — High-and Low-Pressure Hose Method — with August 1992 Revisions 312.9.2

Field Test Procedure for a Double Check Detector Assembly Using a Differential

Pressure Gauge — High-Pressure Hose Method — with August 1992 Revisions 312.9.2

Field Test Procedure for a Double Check Detector Assembly Using a Sight Tube — with August 1992 Revisions 312.9.2

ASTM

A 53—98

A 74— 98

A 733—93
A 888— 98el

B 32—96
B 42—96
B 43—98
B 75—97

B 88—96

B 152-
B251-

-97A
-97

B 302—98
B 306—96
B 447—97
B 687—96
B 813—93

B 828— 92-EOl

C4— 98
C14— 95

ASTM International

100 Barr Harbor Drive

West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959

Standard

Referenced

Reference

in code

Number

Title

section number

Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded and Seamless Table 605.4,

Table 605.5, Table 702.1

Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3,

Table 702.4, 708.2, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.5, Table 1 102.7

Specification for Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe Nipples Table 605.8

Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and

Vent Piping Application Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3,

Table 702.4, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.5, Table 1 102.7

Specification for Solder Metal 605.14.3, 605.15.4, 705.9.3, 705.10.3

Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes Table 605.4, Table 605.5, Table 702.1

Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizes Table 605.4, Table 605.5, Table 702.1

Specification for Seamless Copper Tube Table 605.4, Table 605.5, Table 702.1, Table 702.2,

Table 702.3, Table 1102.4

Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube Table 605.4, Table 605.5, Table 702.1,

Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4

Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip Plate and Rolled Bar 402.3, 425.4.3, 417.5.2.4, 902.2

Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Seamless Copper and Copper- Alloy Tube Table 605.4,Table 605.5,

Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 1102.4

Specification for Threadless Copper Pipe Table 605.4, Table 605.5, Table 702.1

Specification for Copper Drainage Tube (DWV) Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 1 102.4

Specification for Welded Copper Tube , Table 605.4, Table 605.5

Specification for Brass, Copper, and Chromium-Plated Pipe Nipples Table 605.8

Standard Specification for Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Soldering Applications of Copper and

Copper Alloy Tube 605.14.3, 605.15.4, 705.9.3, 705.10.3

Practice for Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings 605. 14.3,

605.15.4,705.9.3,705.10.3

Specification for Clay Drain Tile Table 702.3, Table 1102.4, Table 1102.5

Specification for Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

91

REFERENCED STANDARDS

C76— 98
C 296—93
C 425—98
C 428—97
C 443—98
C 508—97
C 564— 97
C 700—97

C 1053—90(1995)

C 1173—97

C 1277—97

D 1527— 96a

D 1785— 96b

(Note: ASTMD 1861-

(Note: ASTM D 1862-

D 1869—95

D 2235— 96a

D 2239— 96a

D 2241— 96b

D 2282— 96a

(Note: ASTMD 2311-

D 2464— 96A

D 2466—97

D 2467— 96A

D 2468— 96a

D 2564— 96a

D 2609—97

D 2657—97

D 2661— 97A

D 2662— 96a
D 2665—98

D 2666— 96a
D 2672— 96a
D 2729— 96a
D 2737— 96a
D 2751— 96a

D 2846/D 2846M— 97

D 2855—96

D 2949—98

D 3034—98

D 3139—98
D 3212— 96a

D 3309— 97a

D 3311—94
D 4068—96

D 4551—96

F 405—97

ASTWi — continued

Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4

Specification for Asbestos-Cement Pressure Pipe Table 605.4

Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings 705.15, 705.16

Specification for Asbestos-Cement Nonpressure Sewer Pipe Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4

Specification for Joints for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets 705.6, 705.16

Specification for Asbestos-Cement Underdrain Pipe Table 1 102.5

Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings 705.5.2, 705.5.3, 705.16

Specificadon for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4,

Table 1102.5
Specification for Borosilicate Glass Pipe and Fittings for Drain, Waste, and

Vent (DWV) Applications Table 702.1, Table 702.4

Specification for Flexible Transition Couplings for Underground Piping System 705.2.1, 705.6, 705.14.1, 705.15, 705.16

Specification for Shielded Coupling Joining Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings 705.5.3

Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 Table 605.4

Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80 and 120 Table 605.4

1 has been discontinued and not replaced by ASTM.)

1 has been discontinued and not replaced by ASTM.)

Specification for Rubber Rings for Asbestos-Cement Pipe 605.1 1, 605.22, 705.3, 705.16

Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and
Fittings 605.10.2, 705.2.2, 705.7.2

Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside Diameter Table 605.4

Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR-Series) Table 605.4

Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Table 605.4

I has been discontinued and not replaced by ASTM.)

Specification for Threaded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 Table 605.6, Table 1 102.7

Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40 Table 605.6, Table 1 102.7

Specification for Socket-Type Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 Table 605.6, Table 1 102.7

Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40 Table 605.6, Table 1 102.7

Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings 605.21.2, 705.8.2, 705.14.2

Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe Table 605.6, Table 1 102.7

Standard Practice for Heat- Joining Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings 605.19.2, 605.20.2

Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule

40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 702.4,

705.2.2, 705.7.2, Table 1102.4, Table 1102.7
Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Table 605.4

Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings Table 702.1,

Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 702.4, Table 1102.4, Table 1102.7

Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Tubing Table 605.4

Specification for Joints for IPS PVC Pipe Using Solvent Cement Table 605.4

Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 1 102.5

Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing Table 605.4

Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3,

Table 702.4, Table 1102.4

Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot and Cold Water
Distribution Systems Table 605.4, Table 605.5, 605.16.2

Standard Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented Joints with Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and
Fittings 605.21.2, 705.8.2, 705.14.2

Specification for 3.25-In Outside Diameter Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)

Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3

Specification for Type PSM Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3,

Table 702.4, Table 1102.4

Specification for Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals 605.10.1, 605.21.1

Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals 705.2.1,

705.7.1, 705.8.1, 705.12.1, 705.14.1

Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Hot Water Distribution Systems Table 605.4, Table 605.5,

605.19.2,605.19.3

Specification for Drain, Waste and Vent (DWV) Plastic Fittings Patterns Table 702.4

Standard Specification for Chlorinated Polyethlene (CPE) Sheeting for Concealed Water-
Containment Membrane 417.5.2.2

Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-
Containment Membrane 417.5.2.1

Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing and Fittings Table 1 102.5

92

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

REFERENCED STANDARDS

ASTM — conti nued

F 409 — 98 Specification for Thermoplastic Accessible and Replaceable Plastic Tube and

Tubular Fittings 424.1.2, Table 1 102.7

F 437— 96a Specification for Threaded Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,

Schedule 80 Table 605.6, Table 1 102.7

F 438—97 Specification for Socket-Type Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,

Schedule 40 Table 605.6, Table 1 102.7

F 439—97 Specification for Socket-Type Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,

Schedule 80 Table 605.6, Table 1102.7

F 441—97 Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 Table 605.4, Table 605.5

F 442—97 Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Table 605.4, Table 605.5

F 477 — 96a Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe 605.22, 705.16

F 493—97 Specification for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings 605.16.2

F 628 — 97 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe

with a Cellular Core Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 702.4,

705.2.2, 705.7.2, Table 1102.4
F 656 — 96a Specification for Primers for Use in Solvent Cement Joints of Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe and

Fittings 605.21.2, 705.8.2, 705.14.2

F 876—97 Specification for CrossUnked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Table 605.4

F 877—99 Specification for CrossUnked Polyethylene (PEX) Plastic Hot and Cold Water

Distribution Systems Table 605.4, Table 605.5

F 891—98 Specification for Coextiuded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe with a Cellular Core Table 702.1,

Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.5
F 1281 — 98 Specification for Cross-Linked Polyethylene/Aluminum/Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX)

Pressure Pipe Table 605.4, Table 605.5

F 1282 — 98 Specification for Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) Composite Pressure Pipe Table 605.4

F 1488—98 Standard Specification for Coextruded Composite Pipe Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3

F 1 807 — 98 Standard Specifications for Metal Insert Fittings Utilizing a Copper Crimp Ring SDR9 Cross-linked

Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Table 605.6, 605.17.2

AWS

American Welding Society
550 N.W. LeJeune Road
Miami, FL 33126

Standard

Reference

Number

Title

Referenced

in code

section number

A5.8— 92

Specifications for Filler Metals for Brazing 605.12.1, 605.14.1, 605.15.1, 705.4.1, 705.9.1, 705.10.1

AWWA

Standard

Referenced

Reference

in code

Number

Title

section number

CI 04— 90

Clio— 98

cm— 90

CI 15— 88
C151— 96
CI 53— 88
C510— 92
C511— 92
C651— 92
C652— 92

American Water Works Association
6666 West Quincy Avenue
Denver, CO 80235

Title

Standard for Cement-Mortar Lining for Ductile-Iron

Pipe and Fittings for Water 605.4, 605.6

Standard for Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings, 3 Inch through 48 Inches, for Water and

Other Liquids Table 605.6, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7

Standard for Rubber-Gasket Joints for Ductile-Iron

Pressure Pipe and Fittings 605. 13

Standard for Flanged Ductile-Iron Pipe with Threaded Ranges Table 605.4

Standard for Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast for Water or Other Liquids Table 605.4

Ductile-Iron Compact Fittings Table 605.6

Double Check Valve Backflow-Prevention Assembly Table 608.1, 608.13.7

Reduced-Pressure Principle Backflow-Prevention Assembly Table 608.1, 608.13.2, 608.16.2

Standard for Disinfecting Water Mains 610.1

Standard for Disinfection of Water-Storage Facilities 610.1

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

93

REFEREMCED STANDARDS

a

SPI

Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute
Suite 419

5959 Shallowford Road
Chattanooga, TN 37421

Standard

Referenced

Reference

in code

Number

Tide

section number

301 — 97 Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste and

Vent Piping Applications. . . . Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.5, Table 1 102.7

3 10 — 97 Specification for Coupling for Use in Connection with Cast-Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and

Storm Drain Waste and Vent Piping Applications 705.5.3

CSA

Canadian Standards Association

178 Rexdale Blvd.

Rexdale (Toronto), Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3

Standard

Referenced

Reference

in code

Number

Title

section number

B45.1— 94
B45.2— 94
B45.3— 94
B45.4— 94
B45.5— 94
B64.3— 94
B64.4— 94
B64.7— 94
B79— 94
B 125— 94
B 137. 1—95
B 137.2— 93
B 137.3— 93
B 137.5— 97

B 137.6— 96

B181.1— 96

BIS 1.2— 96

BIS 1.3— 96
B1S2.1— 96
B1S2.2— 95
CAN3-B137.8M— 92

CAN/CSA-
A257.1M— 92

CAN/CSA-

A257.2M— 92
CAN/CSA-

A257.3M— 92

CAN/CSA-B64.1.1— 94
CAN/CSA-B64.2— 94
CAN/CSA-B64.2.2— 94
CAN/CSA-B64.3— 94
CAN/CSA-B64.4— 94
CAN/CSA-B64. 10—94
CAN/CSA-B137.9M— 98
CAN/CSA-B 1 37. 1 OM— 98
CAN/CSA-
B181.3— 96(R92)
CAN/CSA-B 182.4—97

Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures 408.1, 416.1, 418.1, 419.1, 420.1

Enameled Cast-Iron Plumbing Fixtures 407.1, 415.1, 416.1, 418.1

Porcelain Enameled Steel Plumbing Fixtures 407.1, 416.1, 418.1

Stainless-Steel Plumbing Fixtures 415.1, 416.1, 418.1, 420.1

Plastic Plumbing Fixtures 407.1, 416.2, 417.1, 419.1, 420.1, 421.1

Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve Type with Atmospheric Port for Carbonators 608.16.2

Backflow Preventers, Reduced Pressure Principle Assembly for Fire Protection Systems 608.16.2

Vacuum Breakers, Laboratory Faucet Type (LFVB) Table 608.1, 608.13.6

Floor, Area and Shower Drains, and Cleanouts for Residential Construction 412.1

Plumbing Fittings 424.1, 424.3, 424.4, 425.3.1, 425.4, Table 608.1

Polyethylene Pipe, Tubing and Fittings for Cold Water Pressure Services Table 605.4

PVC Injection-Moulded Gasketed Fittings for Pressure Applications Table 605.6, Table 1102.7

Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe for Pressure Applications Table 605.4, 605.21.2, 705.8.2, 705.14.2

Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Systems for Pressure Applications — with Revisions through

September 1992 Table 605.4, Table 605.5

CPVC Pipe, Tubing and Fittings for Hot and Cold Water Distribution Systems — with Revisions through

May 1986 Table 605.4, Table 605.5

ABS Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Pipe Fittings Table 702.1, Table 702.2,

Table 702.4, 705.2.2, 705.7.2, 715.2

PVC Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Pipe Fittings — with Revisions through

December 1993 Table 702.1, Table 702.2, 705.8.2, 705.14.2, 715.2

Polyolefm Laboratory Drainage System Table 702.1

Plastic Drain and Sewer Pipe and Pipe Fittings 705.8.2, 705.14.2

PVC Sewer Pipe and Fittings (PSM Type) Table 702.3, Table 1102.4, Table 1102.5

Polybutylene (PB) Piping for Pressure Applications — with Revisions through

July 1992 Table 605.4, Table 605.5, 605.19.2, 605.19.3

Circular Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3, Table 1102.4

Reinforced L Circular Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4

Joints for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe, Manhole Sections, and Fittings Using

Rubber Gaskets 705.6, 705.16

Vacuum Breakers, Atmospheric Type (AVB) 425.3, Table 608.1, 608.13.6

Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB) Table 608.1, 608.13.6

Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB) with Automatic Draining Feature Table 608. 1, 608.13.6

Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve Type with Atmospheric Port (DCAP) Table 608.1, 608.13.3, 608.16.2

Backflow Preventers, Reduced Pressure Principle Type (RP) Table 608.1, 608.13.2, 608.16.2

Manual for the Selection, Installation, Maintenance and Field Testing of Backflow Prevention Devices 312.9.2

Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene Composite Pressure Pipe Systems Table 605.4

Crosslinked Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene Composite Pressure Pipe Systems Table 605.4, Table 605.5

Polyolefm Laboratory Drainage Systems — with Revisions through October 1990 Table 702.1, Table 702.2

Profile PVC Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3, Table 1102.4, Table 1102.5

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBDNG CODE®

REFERENCED STANDARDS

CAN/CSA-B602M— 90
CSA-B45

(Supplement 1)— 88

CSA — continued

Mechanical Couplings for Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Sewer Pipe 705.2.1, 705.5.3, 705.6, 705.14.1, 705.15, 705.16

Hydromassage Bathtubs 421.1

FS

General Service^ Administration
7th & D Streets :

407 E. Lenfant Plaza, SW, Suite 8100
Washington, DC 20024-2124

Standard

Reference

Number

Title

Referenced

in code

section number

TT-P- 1536a— 75

Federal Specification for Plumbing Fixture Setting Compound 405.4

* Standards are available from the Supt. of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325.

ICC

International Code Council

5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 600

Falls Church, VA 22041

Referenced
in code

Title section number

Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities 202, 404.1, 404.2.1, 404.2.6

ICC Electrical Code™ . 201.3, 502.1, 504.3, 1 113.1.3

International Building Code® 201.3, 305.4, 307.1, 307.2, 307.3, 308.2, 309.1, 309.1.1, 309.1.2, 310.1,

310.3, 403.1, Table 403.1, 404.1, 407.3, 417.6, 502.6, 606.5.2, 1106.5, 1201.1

ICC Electrical Code— Administrative Provisions™ ; 201.3, 502.1, 504.3, 1113.1.3

International Energy Conservation Code® 313.1, 607.2

International Fire Code® '. 1201.1

Intemafional Fuel Gas Code® 101.2, 201.3, 502.1

International Mechanical Code® 201.3, 310.1, 422.9, 502.1, 612.1, 1202.1

Intematiorial Private Sewage Disposal Code® 701.2

Standard

Reference

Number

Al 17.1—98
EC— 2000
IBC— 2000

ICC EC— 2000
lECC— 2000
IFC— 2000
IFGC— 2000
IMC— 2000
IPSDC— 2000

NFPA

National Fire Protection Association
Battery m^ch Park
Quincy, UA 02269

Referenced
in code

Title section number

Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites 1203.1

Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes 1203.1

Gas and Vacuum Systems 1202.1

Standard

Reference

Number

50—96
51—97
99C— 99

NSF

Standard

Referenced

Reference

in code

Number

Title

section number

3—96

18—96

14—98

42—98

44—98

53—98

58—97

61—99

62—97

National Sanitation Foundation

3475 PlyniGuth Road

R O. Box 130140

Ann Arbor, MI 48113-0140

Title \

Commercial Spray-Type Dishwashing Machines 409. 1

Manual Food and Beverage Dispensing Equipment 426.1

Plasfic Piping Components and Related Materials 303.3, 61 1 .3

Drinking Water Treatment Units — Aesthetic Effects 611.1, 611.3

Cation Exchange Water Softeners 61 1.1, 61 1.3

Drinking Water Treatment Units^Health Effects 61 1.1, 61 1.3

Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Treatment Systems 61 1.2

Drinking XVater System Components— Health Effects 424.1, 605.4, 605.5, 605.6, 611.3

Drinking Water Distillation Systems 611.1

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

95

REFERENCED STANDARDS

Plumbing and Drainage Institute
TP'TrftTT ^ ^^ ^^^* ^^* ^*^^^^' ^°"*^ ^"'^^

Indianapolis, IN 46260-3318

Standard Referenced

Reference in code

Number Title section number

GlOl — 96 Testing and Rating Procedure for Grease Interceptors with Appendix of Sizing and Installation Data 1003.3.4

96 2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUWiBING CODE®

APPENDIX A

PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE

Permit Issuance

1. For issuing each permit

2. For issuing each supplemental permit

Unit Fee Schedule (in addition to Item 1 or 2 above)

1 . For each plumbing fixture or trap or set of fixtures on one trap
(includingwater,drainage piping and backflow protection thereof)

2. For each building sewer and each trailer park sewer

3. Rainwater systems — per drain (inside building)

4. For each cesspool (where permitted)

5. For each private sewage disposal system

6. For each water heater and/or vent

7. For each industrial waste pretreatment interceptor including its trap and vent,
excepting kitchen-type grease interceptors functioning as fixture traps

8. For installation, alteration or repair of water-piping and/or water-treating
equipment,each

9. Forrepair or alteration ofdrainage or vent piping, each fixture

10. For each lawn sprinkler system on any one meter including backflow

protection devices therefor

11. For atmospheric-type vacuum breakers not included in Item 2:

lto5

over 5, each

12. For each backflow protective device other than atmospheric-type vacuum breakers:

2 inches (5 1 mm) and smaller

Over 2 inches (5 1 mm)

Other Inspections and Fees

1. Inspections outside of normal business hours perhour

(minimum charge two hours)

2. Reinspection fee assessed under provisions of Section 107.3.3 each

3. Inspections for which no fee is specifically indicated perhour

(minimum charge — one-half hour)

4. Additional plan review required by changes, additions or revisions to

approved plans (minimum charge — one-half hour) perhour

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 97

•

98 2000 INTER^3AT10NAL PLUWiBJNG CODE®

APPENDIX B

RATES OF RAINFALL FOR VARIOUS CITIES

Rainfall rates, in inches per hour, are based on a storm of 1 -hour duration and a 100-year return period. The rainfall rates shown in the
appendix are derived from Figure 1 106.1.

Alabama:

Birmingham 3.8

Huntsville 3.6

Mobile 4.6

Montgomery 4.2

Alaska:

Fairbanks 1.0

Juneau 0.6

Arizona:

Flagstaff 2.4

Nogales 3.1

Phoenix 2.5

Yuma 1.6

Arkansas:

FortSmith 3.6

Little Rock 3.7

Texarkana 3.8

California:

Barstow 1.4

Crescent City 1.5

Fresno 1.1

Los Angeles 2.1

Needles 1.6

Placerville 1.5

San Fernando 2.3

SanFrancisco 1.5

Yreka 1.4

Colorado:

Craig .1.5

Denver 2.4

Durango 1.8

Grand Junction 1.7

Lamar 3.0

Pueblo 2.5

Connecticut:

Hartford 2.7

New Haven 2.8

Putnam 2.6

Delaware:

Georgetown 3.0

Wilmington 3.1

District of Columbia:

Washington 3.2

Florida:

Jacksonville 4.3

Key West 4.3

Miami 4.7

Pensacola 4.6

Tampa. 4.5

Georgia:

Atlanta 3.7

Dalton 3.4

Macon 3.9

Savannah 4.3

Thomasville 4.3

Hawaii:

Hilo 6.2

Honolulu 3.0

Wailuku 3.0

Idaho:

Boise 0.9

Lewiston 1.1

Pocatello 1.2

niinois:

Cairo 3.3

Chicago 3.0

Peoria 3.3

Rockford 3.2

Springfield 3.3

Indiana:

Evansville 3.2

Fort Wayne 2.9

Indianapolis 3.1

Iowa:

Davenport 3.3

Des Moines 3.4

Dubuque 3.3

Sioux City 3.6

Kansas:

Atwood 3.3

Dodge City 3.3

Topeka 3.7

Wichita 3.7

Kentucky:

Ashland 3.0

Lexington 3.1

Louisville 3.2

Middlesboro 3.2

Paducah 3.3

Louisiana:

Alexandria 4.2

Lake Providence 4.0

New Orleans 4.8

Shreveport 3.9

Maine:

Bangor 2.2

Houlton . 2.1

Portland 2.4

Maryland:

Baltimore 3.2

Hagerstown 2.8

Oakland 2.7

Salisbury 3.1

Massachusetts:

Boston 2.5

Pittsfield 2.8

Worcester 2.7

Michigan:

Alpena 2.5

Detroit 2.7

Grand Rapids 2.6

Lansing 2.8

Marquette 2.4

SaultSte. Marie 2.2

Minnesota:

Duluth 2.8

Grand Marais 2.3

Minneapolis 3.1

Moorhead 3.2

Worthington 3.5

Mississippi:

Biloxi 4.7

Columbus 3.9

Corinth 3.6

Natchez . 4.4

Vicksburs 4.1

Missouri:

Columbia 3.2

Kansas City 3.6

Springfield 3.4

St. Louis ". . .3.2

Montana:

Ekalaka 2.5

Havre .1.6

Helena 1.5

Kalispell 1.2

Missoula 1.3

Nebraska:

NorthPlatte 3.3

Omaha 3.8

Scottsbluff 3.1

Valentine 3.2

Nevada:

Elko 1.0

Ely 1.1

Las Vegas 1 .4

Reno 1.1

New Hampshire:

Berhn 2.5

Concord 2.5

Keene 2.4

New Jersey:

AtlandcCity 2.9

Newark 3.1

Trenton 3.1

New Mexico:

Albuquerque 2.0

Hobbs 3.0

Raton 2.5

Roswell 2.6

SilverCity 1.9

New York:

Albany 2.5

Binghamton 2.3

Buffalo 2.3

Kingston 2.7

New York 3.0

Rochester 2.2

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

99

APPENDIX B

North Carolina:

Asheville 4. 1

Charlotte 3.7

Greensboro 3.4

Wilmington 4.2

jrtlh Dakota:

Bismarck 2.8

Devils Lake 2.9

Fargo 3.1

Williston 2.6

kioi

Cincinnati 2.9

Cleveland 2.6

Columbus 2.8

Toledo 2.8

Oklahoma:

Altus 3.7

Boise City 3.3

Durant 3.8

Oklahoma City 3.8

Oregon:

Baker 0.9

Coos Bay 1.5

Eugene 1.3

Portland 1.2

Erie 2.6

Harrisburg 2.8

Philadelphia 3.1

Pittsburgh 2.6

Scranton 2.7

lode Island:

Block Island 2.75

Providence 2.6

South Carolma:

Charleston 4.3

Columbia 4.0

Greenville 4.1

South Dakota:

Buffalo 2.8

Huron 3.3

Pierre 3.1

RapidCity 2.9

Yankton 3.6

Tennessee:

Chattanooga 3.5

Knoxville 3.2

Memphis 3.7

Nashville 3.3

Texas:

Abilene 3.6

Amarillo 3.5

Brownsville 4.5

Dallas 4.0

DelRio 4.0

ElPaso 2.3

Houston 4.6

Lubbock 3.3

Odessa 3.2

Pecos 3.0

San Antonio 4.2

Utah:

BrighamCity 1.2

Roosevelt 1.3

SaltLakeCity 1.3

St. George 1.7

Vermont:

Barre 2.3

Bratteboro 2.7

Burlington 2.1

Rutland 2.5

Virginia:

Bristol 2.7

Charlottesville 2.8

Lynchburg 3.2

Norfolk 3.4

Richmond 3.3

Washington:

Omak 1.1

Port Angeles 1.1

Seattle 1.4

Spokane 1 .0

Yakima 1.1

West Virginia:

Charleston 2.8

Morgantown 2.7

Wisconsin:

Ashland 2.5

Eau Claire 2.9

Green Bay 2.6

La Crosse 3.1

Madison 3.0

Milwaukee 3.0

Wyoming:

Cheyenne 2.2

FortBridger 1.3

Lander 1.5

Newcastle 2.5

Sheridan 1 .7

Yellowstone Park 1.4

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, D.C.

100

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

APPENDIX C

GRAY WATER RECYCLING SYSTEMS

Note: Section 301.3 of this code requires all plumbing fixtures that receive water or waste to discharge to the sanitary drainage sys-
tem of the structure. In order to allo^forthe utilization of a gray water recycling system. Section 301.3 should be revised to read as
follows:

301.3 Connections to drainage system. All plumbing fixtures, drains, appurtenances and appliances used to receive or discharge
liquid wastes or sewage shall be directly connected to the drainage system of the building or premises, in accordance with the re-
quirements of this code. This section shall not be construed to prevent the indirect waste systems required by Chapter 8.

Exception: Bathtubs, showers, lavatories, clothes washers and laundry sinks shall not be required to discharge to the sanitary
drainage system where such fixtures discharge to an approved gray water recycling system.

SECTION CI 01
GRAY WATER RECYCLING SYSTEMS

ClOl.l General. Gray water recycling systems shall only re-
ceive the waste discharge of bathtubs, showers, lavatories,
clothes washers and laundry sinks. Recycled gray water shall
only be utilized for flushing water closets and urinals that are lo-
cated in the same building as the gray water recycling system.
Such systems shall comply with Sections C101.2 through
C101.12.

Exception: Gray water systems shall be permitted to be used
for irrigation when specific approval is given by the authority
having jurisdiction. Such systems shall be designed as re-
quired by Section 105.

C101.2 Definition. The following term shall have the meaning
shown herein.

GRAY WATER. Wastewater discharged from lavatories, bath-
tubs, showers, clothes washers and laundry sinks.

C101.3 Installation. All drain, waste and vent piping associated
with gray water recycling systems shall be installed in full com-
pliance with this code.

C101.4 Reservoir. Gray water shallbe collected in an approved
reservoir constructed of durable, nonabsorbent and corrosion-re-
sistant materials. The reservoir shall be a closed and gas-tight
vessel. Access openings shall be provided to allow inspection
and cleaning of the reservoir interior. The holding capacity of the
reservoir shall be a minimum of twice the volume of water re-
quired to meet the daily flushing requirements of the fixtures
supplied with gray water, but not less than 50 gallons (189 L).
The reservoir shall be sized to limit the retention time of gray wa-
ter to 72 hours maximum.

C101.5 Filtration. Gray water entering the reservoir shall pass
through an approved filter such as a media, sand or diatomaceous
earth filter.

C101.6 Disinfection. Gray water shall be disinfected by an ap-
proved method that employs one or more disinfectants such as
chlorine, iodine or ozone.

C101.7 Makeup water. Potable water shall be supplied as a
source of makeup water for the gray water system. The pota-
ble water supply shall be protected against backflow in accor-
dance with Section 608. There shall be a full-open valve on
the makeup water supply line to the reservoir.

C101.8 Overflow. The collection reservoir shall be equipped
with an overflow pipe of the same diameter as the influent
pipe for the gray water. The overflow shall be directly con-
nected to the sanitary drainage system.

C101.9 Drain. A drain shall be located at the lowest point of
the collection reservoir and shall be directly connected to the
sanitary drainage system. The drain shall be the same diame-
ter as the overflow pipe required by Section ClOl .8 and shall
be provided with a full-open valve.

C 101. 10 Vent required. The reservoir shall be provided with
a vent sized in accordance with Chapter 9 based on the size of
the reservoir influent pipe.

ClOl.ll Coloring. The gray water shall be dyed blue or
green with a food grade vegetable dye before such Water is
supplied to the fixtures.

C101.12 Identification. All gray water distribution piping
and reservoirs shall be identified as containing nonpotable
water. Piping identification shall be in accordance with Sec-
tion 608.8.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

101

102 2000 DMTERNATDONAL PLUMBING CODE®

APPENDIX D

DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES

TABLE D1 01
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES^ FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES

STATE

STATION"

HEATING

DEGREE DAYS

(yearly total)

DESIGN TEMPERATURES

DEGREES NORTH
LATITUDE^

Winter

Summer

97V2%

Dry bulb 2^2%

Wet bulb 2V2%

AL

Birmingham

2,551

21

94

77

33°3'

Huntsville

3,070

16

93

77

34°4'

Mobile

1,560

29

93

79

30°4'

Montgomery

2,291

25

95

79

32°2'

AK

Anchorage

10,864

-18

68

59

6ri'

Fairbanks

14,279

-47

78

62

64°5'

Juneau

9,075

1

70

59

58°2'

Nome

14,171

-27

62

56

64°3'

AZ

Flagstaff

7,152

4

82

60

35°1'

Phoenix

1,765

34

107

75

33°3'

Tuscon

1,800

32

102

71

33°1'

Yuma

974

39

109

78

32°4'

AR

Fort Smith

3,292

17

98

79

35°2'

Little Rock

3,219

20

96

79

34°4'

Texarkana

2,533

23

96

79

33°3'

CA

Fresno

2,611

30

100

71

36°5'

Long Beach

1,803

43

80

69

33°5'

Los Angeles

2,061

43

80

69

34°0'

Los Angeles'*

1,349

40

89

71

34°0'

Oakland

2,870

36

80

64

37°4'

Sacramento

2,502

32

98

71

38°3'

San Diego

1,458

44

80

70

32°4'

San Francisco

3,015

38

77

64

37°4'

San Francisco**

3,001

40

71

62

37°5'

CO

Alamosa

8,529

-16

82

61

37°3'

Colorado Springs

6,423

2

88

62

38°5'

Denver

6,283

1

91

63

39°5'

Grand Junction

5,641

7

94

63

39°1'

Pueblo

5,462

95

66

38°2'

CT

Bridgeport

5,617

9

84

74

41°1'

Hartford

6,235

7

88

75

4r5'

New Haven

5,897

7

84

75

4r2'

DE

Wilmington

4,930

14

89

76

39°4'

DC

Washington

4,224

17

91

77

38°5'

FL

Daytona

879

35

90

79

29° r

Fort Myers

442

44

92

79

26°4'

Jacksonville

1,239

32

94

79

30°3'

Key West

108

57

90

79

24°3'

Miami

214

47

90

79

25°5'

Orlando

766

38

93

78 •

28°3'

Pensacola

1,463

29

93

79

30°3'

Tallahassee

1,485

30

92

78

30°2'

Tampa

683

40

91

79

28°0'

West Palm Beach

253

45

91

79

26°4'

(continued)

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

103

APPENDIX D

TABLE Dl 01— continued
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES^ FOR CITIES BN THE UNITED STATES

STATE

STATION"

HEATING

DEGREE DAYS

(yearly total)

DESIGN TEMPERATURES

DEGREES NORTH
LATITUDE"

Winter

Summer

97V2%

Dry bulb 2^2%

Wet bulb 2V2%

GA

Athens

2,929

22

92

77

34°0'

Atlanta

2,961

22

92

76

33°4'

Augusta

2,397

23

95

79

33°2'

Columbus

2,383

24

93

78

32°3'

Macon

2,136

25

93

78

32°4'

Rome

3,326

22

93

78

34°2'

Savannah

1,819

27

93

79

32° 1'

HI

Hilo

62

83

. 74

19°4'

Honolulu

63

86

75

2r2'

ID

Boise

5,809

10

94

66

43°3'

Lewiston

5,542

6

93

66

46°2'

Pocatello

7,033

-1

91

63

43°0'

IL

Chicago (Midway)

6,155

91

75

41°5'

Chicago (O'Hare)

6,639

-4

89

76

42°0'

Chicago''

5,882

2

91

77

41°5'

Moline

6,408

-4

91

77

4r3'

Peoria

6,025

-4

89

76

40°4'

Rockford

6,830

-4

89

76

42° r

Springfield

5,429

2

92

77

39°5'

IN

Evans ville

4,435

9

93

78

38°0'

Fort Wayne

6,205

1

89

75

4ro'

Indianapolis
South Bend

5,699

6,439

2
1

90
89

76
75

39°4'

41°4'

lA

Burlington

6,114

-3

91

77

40°5'

Des Moines

6,588

-5

91

77

4r3'

Dubuque

7,376

-7

88

75

42°2'

Sioux City

6,951

-7

92

77

42°2'

Waterloo

7,320

-10

89

77

42°3'

KS

Dodge City

4,986

5

97

73

37°5'

Goodland

6,141

96

70

39°2'

Topeka

5,182

4

96

78

39°0'

Wichita

4,620

7

98

76

37°4'

KY

Covington

5,265

6

90

75

39°0'

Lexington

4,683

8

91

76

38°0'

Louisville

4,660

10

93

77

38°1'

LA

Alexandria

1,921

27

94

79

3r2'

Baton Rouge

1,560

29

93

80

30°3'

Lake Charles

1,459

31

93

79

30°1'

New Orieans

1,385

33

92

80

30°0'

Shreveport

2,184

25

96

79

32°3'

ME

Caribou

9,767

-13

81

69

46°5'

Portland

7,511

-1

84

72

43°4'

MD

Baltimore

4,654

13

91

77

39°1'

Baltimore''

4,111

17

89

78

39°2'

Frederick

5,087

12

91

77

39°2'

(continued)

104

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

APPENDIX D

TABLE D101 — continued
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES^ FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES

•

STATE

STATION"

HEATING

DEGREE DAYS

(yearly total)

DESIGN TEMPERATURES

DEGREES NORTH
LATITUDE^

Winter

Summer

97V2%

Dry bulb l^l^k

Wet bulb 2V2%

MA

Boston

5,634

9

88

74

42°2'

Pittsfield

7,578

-3

84

72

42°3'

Worcester

6,969

4

84

72

42°2'

MI

Alpena
Detroit (City)
Escanaba'*

8,506

6,232
8,481

-6
6

-7

85
88
83

72
74
71

45°0'
42°2'
45°4'

Flint

7,377

1

87

74

43°0'

Grand Rapids

6,894

5

88

74

42°5'

Lansing

6,909

1

87

74

42°5'

Marquette''
Muskegon

8,393
6,696

-8
6

81
84

70
73

46''3'
43°1'

Sault Ste. Marie

9,048

-8

81

70

46°3'

MN

Duluth

10,000

-16

82

70

46°5'

Minneapolis
Rochester

8,382
8,295

-12
-12

89

87

5
75

44°5'
44°0'

MS

Jackson

2,239

25

95

78

32°2'

Meridian

2,289

23

95

79

32°2'

Vicksburg''

2,041

26

95

80

32°2'

MO

Columbia

5,046

4

94

77

39°0'

Kansas City

4,711

6

96

77

39°1'

St. Joseph

5,484

2

93

79

39°5'

St. Louis

4,900

6

94

77

38°5'

St. Louis'*

4,484

8

94

77

38°4'

Springfield

4,900

9

93

77

37°1'

MT

Billings

7,049

-10

91

66

45°5'

Great Falls

7,750

-15

88

62

47°3'

Helena

8,129

-16

88

62

46°4'

Missoula

8,125

-6

88

63

46°5'

NE

Grand Island

6,530

-3

94

74

41°0'

Lincoln''

5,864

-2

95

77

40°5'

Norfolk

6,979

-4

93

77

42°0'

North Platte

6,684

-4

94

72

41°!'

Omaha

6,612

-3

91

77

41°2'

Scottsbluff

6,673

-3

92

68

4r5'

NV

Elko

7,433

-2

92

62

40°5'

Ely

7,733

-4

87

59

39°1'

Las Vegas

2,709

28

106

70

36°1'

Reno

6,332

10

92

62

39°3'

Winnemucca

6,761

3

94

62

40°5'

NH

Concord

7,383

-3

87

73

43°1'

NJ

Atlantic City

4,812

13

89

77

39°3'

Newark

4,589

14

91

76

40°4'

Trenton''

4,980

14

88

76

40° 1'

NM

Albuquerque
Raton

4,348
6,228

16
1

94
89

65
64

35°0'
36°5'

Roswell

3,793

18

98

70

33°2'

Silver City

3,705

10

94

64

32°4'

{continued)

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

105

APPENDIX D

TABLE DIOI— conlinueca
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES^ FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES

STATE

STATION"

HEATING

DEGREE DAYS

(yearly total)

DESIGN TEMPERATURES

DEGREES NORTH
LATITUDE^

Winter

Summer

97V2%

Dry bulb 2V2%

Wet bulb 2V2%

NY

Albany

6,875

-1

88

74

42°5'

Albany''
Binghamton

6,201
7,286

1
1

88
83

74
72

42°5'
42° 1'

Buffalo

7,062

6

85

73

43°0'

NY (Central Park)''
NY (Kennedy)
NY(LaGuardia)
Rochester

4,871
5,219
4,811
6,748

15
15
15
5

89
87
89
88

75
75
75
73

40°5'
40°4'
40°5'
43°1'

Schenectady''
Syracuse

6,650
6,756

1

2

87
87

74
73

42°5'
43°1'

NC

Charlotte

3,181

22

93

76

35°1'

Greensboro

3,805

18

91

76

36°1'

Raleigh

3,393

20

92

77

35°5'

Winston- Salem

3,595

20

91

75

36°1'

ND

Bismarck

8,851

-19

91

71

46°5'

Devils Lake''

9,901

-21

88

71

48°1'

Fargo

9,226

-18

89

74

46°5'

Williston

9,243

-21

88

70

48°1'

OH

Akron-Canton

6,037

6

86

73

4ro'

Cincinnati''

4,410

6

90

75

39°1'

Cleveland

6,351

5

88

74

41°2'

Columbus

5,660

5

90

75

40°0'

Dayton

5,622

4

89

75

39°5'

Mansfield

6,403

5

87

74

40°5'

Sandusky''
Toledo

5,796
6,494

6
1

91

88

74
75

41°3'
41°4'

Youngstown

6,417

4

86

73

41 °2'

OK

Oklahoma City
Tulsa

3,725
3,860

13
13

97
98

77
78

35°20'
36°10'

OR

Eugene

4,726

22

89

67

44° 10'

Medford

5,008

23

94

68

42°20'

Portland

4,635

23

85

67

45°40'

Portland''

4,109

24

86

67

45°30'

Salem

4,754

23

88

68

45°00'

PA

AUentown

5,810

9

88

75

40°40'

Erie

6,451

9

85

74

42° 10'

Harrisburg

Philadelphia

Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh''

Reading''

Scranton

5,251
5,144
5,987
5,053
4,945
6,254

11
14
5
7
13
5

91
90
86
88
89
87

76
76

73
73
75
73

40° 10'
39°50'
40°30'
40°30'
40°20'
41°20'

Williamsport

5,934

7

89

74

41°10'

RI

Providence

5,954

9

86

74

41°40'

SC

Charleston

2,033

27

91

80

32°50'

Charleston''

1,794

28

92

80

32°50'

Columbia

2,484

24

95

78

34°00'

(continued)

106

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBDNG CODE®

APPENDIX D

TABLE D1 01— continued
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES^ FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES

•

STATE

STATION"

HEATING

DEGREE DAYS

(yearly total)

DESIGN TEMPERATURES

DEGREES NORTH
LATITUDE^

Winter

Summer

97V2%

Dry bulb 2V2%

Wet bulb 2V2%

SD

Huron

8,223

-14

93

75

44°30'

Rapid City

7,345

-7

92

69

44°00'

Sioux Falls

7,839

-11

91

75

43°40'

TN

Bristol

4,143

14

89

75

36°30'

Chattanooga

3,254

18

93

77

35°00'

Knoxville

3,494

19

92

76

35°50'

Memphis

3,232

18

95

79

35°00'

Nashville

3,578

14

94

77

36° 10'

TX

Abilene

2,624

20

99

74

32°30'

Austin

1,711

28

98

77

30°20'

Dallas

2,363

22

100

78

32°50'

El Paso

2,700

24

98

68

3r50'

Houston

1,396

32

94

79

29°40'

Midland

2,591

21

98

72

32°00'

San Angelo

2,255

22

99

74

31°20'

San Antonio

1,546

30

97

76

29°30'

Waco

2,030

26

99

78

3r40'

Wichita Falls

2,832

18

101

76

34°00'

UT

Salt Lake City

6,052

8

95

65

40°50'

VT

BurUngton

8,269

-7

85

72

44°30'

VA

Lynchburg

4,166

16

90

76

37°20'

Norfolk

3,421

22

91

78

36°50'

Richmond

3,865

17

92

78

37°30'

Roanoke

4,150

16

91

74

37°20'

WA

Olympia

5,236

22

83

66

47°00'

Seattle-Tacoma

5,145

26

80

64

47°30'

Seattle''

4,424

27

82

67

47°40'

Spokane

6,655

2

90

64

47°40'

WV

Charleston

4,476

11

90

75

38°20'

Elkins

5,675

6

84

72

38°50'

Huntington

4,446

10

91

77

38°20'

Parkersburg^

4,754

11

90

76

39°20'

WI

Green Bay

8,029

-9

85

74

44°30'

La Crosse

7,589

-9

88

75

43°50'

Madison

7,863

-7

•8S

75

43° 10'

Milwaukee

7,635

-4

87

74

43°00'

WY

Casper

7,410

-5

90

61

42°50'

Cheyenne

7,381

-1

86

62

41°10'

Lander

7,870

-11

88

63

42°50'

Sheridan

7,680

-8

91

65

44°50'

a. All data was extracted from the 1985 ASHRAE Handbook, Fundamentals Volume.

b. Design data developed from airport temperature observations unless noted.

c. Latitude is given to the nearest 10 minutes. For example, the latitude for Miami, Florida, is given as 25°50', or 25 degrees 50 minutes.

d. Design data developed from office locations within an urban area, not from airport temperature observations.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

107

108 2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

APPENDIX E

SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM

•

SECTION E101
GENERAL

ElOl.l Scope.

ElOl.l.l This appendix outlines a procedure for sizing a wa-
ter piping system. This design procedure is based on the mini-
mum static pressure available from the supply source, the
head charges in the system caused by friction and elevation,
and the rates of flow necessary for operation of various fix-
tures.

ElOl.1.2 Because of the variable conditions encountered in
hydraulic design, it is impractical to specify definite and de-
tailed rules for sizing of the water piping system. Accord-
ingly, other sizing or design methods conforming to good
engineering practice standards are acceptable alternatives to
that presented herein.

SECTION El 02
INFORMATION REQUIRED

E102.1 Preliminary. Obtain the necessary information regard-
ing the minimum daily static service pressure in the area where
the building is to be located. If the building supply is to be me-
tered, obtain information regarding friction loss relative to the
rate of flow for meters in the range of sizes likely to be used. Fric-
tion loss data can be obtained from most manufacturers of water
meters.

E102.2 Demand load.

E102.2.1 Estimate the supply demand of the building main
and the principal branches and risers of the system by totaling
the corresponding demand from the applicable part of Table
E102.

E102.2.2 Estimate continuous supply demands in gallons per
minute (L/m) for lawn sprinklers, air conditioners, etc., and
add the sum to the total demand for fixtures. The result is the
estimated supply demand for the building supply.

SECTION El 03
SELECTION OF PIPE SIZE

E103.1 General. Decide from Table 604.3 what is the desirable
minimum residual pressure that should be maintained at the
highest fixture in the supply system. If the highest group of fix-
tures contains flush valves, the pressure for the group should not
be less than 15 pounds per square inch ( psi) (103.4 kPa) flowing.
For flush tank supplies, the available pressure should not be less
than 8 psi (55.2 kPa) flowing, except blowout action fixtures
must not be less than 25 psi (172.4 kPa) flowing.

E103.2 Pipe sizing.

E103.2.1 Pipe sizes can be selected according to the following
procedure or by other design methods conforming to accept-
able engineering practice and approved by the administrative

authority. The sizes selected must not be less than the mini-
mum required by this code.

E 103.2.2 Water pipe sizing procedures are based on a
system of pressure requirements and losses, the sum of
which must not exceed the minimum pressure available
at the supply source. These pressures are as follows:

1 . Pressure required at fixture to produce required
flow. See Secfion 604.3 and Section 604.5.

2. Static pressure loss or gain (due to head) is com-
puted at 0.433 psi per foot (9.8 kPa/m) of eleva-
tion change.

Example: Assume that the highest fixture
supply outlet is 20 feet (6096 mm) above or
below the supply source. This produces a
static pressure differential of 20 feet by 0.433
psi/foot (2096 mm by 9.8 kPa/m) and an 8.66
psi (59.8 kPa) loss.

3. Loss through water meter. The friction or pres-
sure loss can be obtained from meter manufactur-
ers.

4. Loss through taps in water main.

5. Losses through special devices such as filters,
softeners, backflow prevention devices and pres-
sure regulators. These values must be obtained
from the manufacturers.

6. Loss through valves and fittings. Losses for these
items are calculated by converting to equivalent
length of piping and adding to the total pipe
length.

7. Loss due to pipe friction can be calculated when
the pipe size, the pipe length and the flow through
the pipe are known. With these three items, the
friction loss can be determined. For piping flow
charts not included, use manufacturers' tables
and velocity recommendations.

Note: For the purposes of all examples, the following
metric conversions are applicable:

lcfm = 0.4719 L/s

1 square foot = 0.0929 m^

1 degree = 0.0175 rad

1 psi = 6.895 kPa

1 inch = 25.4 mm

1 foot = 304.8 mm

1 gpm = 3.785 L/m

E103.3 Segmented loss method. The size of water service
mains, branch mains and risers must be determined according
to water supply demand [gpm (L/m)], available water pres-
sure [psi (kPa)] and friction loss caused by the water meter

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

109

APPENDIX E

and developed length of pipe [feet (m)], including equivalent
length of fittings. This design procedure is based on the follow-
ing parameters:

° Calculates the friction loss through each length of the
pipe.

° Based on a system of pressure losses, the sum of which
must not exceed the minimum pressure available at the
street main or other source of supply.

° Pipe sizing based on estimated peak demand, total pres-
sure losses caused by to difference in elevation, equip-
ment, developed length and pressure required at most
remote fixture, loss through taps in water main, losses
through fittings, filters, backflow prevention devices,
valves, and pipe friction.

Because of the variable conditions encountered in hydraulic
design, it is impractical to specify definite and detailed rules for
sizing of the water piping system. Current sizing methods do
not address the differences in the probability of use and flow
characteristics of fixtures between types of occupancies. Cre-
ating an exact model of predicting the demand for a building is
impossible and final studies assessing the impact of water con-
servation on demand are not yet complete.

1. Prelimiiiary. Obtain the necessary information regarding the
minimum daily static service pressure in the area where the
building is to be located. If the building supply is to be metered,
obtain information regarding friction loss relative to the rate of
flow for meters in the range of sizes to be used. Friction loss
data can be obtained from manufacturers of water meters. It is
essential that enough pressure be available to overcome all sys-
tem losses caused by friction and elevation so that plumbing
fixtures operate properly. Section 604.6 requires the water dis-
tribution system to be designed for the minimum pressure avail-
able taking into consideration pressure fluctuations. The lowest
pressure must be selected to guarantee a continuous, adequate
supply of water. The lowest pressure in the public main usually
occurs in the summer because of lawn sprinkling and supplying
water for air-conditioning cooUng towers. Future demands
placed on the public main as a result of large growth or expan-
sion should also be considered. The available pressure will de-
crease as additional loads are placed on the public system.

2. Demamdl load. Estimate the supply demand of the building
main and the principal branches and risers of the system by to-
taling the corresponding demand from the applicable part of Ta-
ble El 02. When estimating peak demand sizing methods
typically use water supply fixture units (w.s.f.u.). This numeri-
cal factor measures the load-producing effect of a single plumb-
ing fixture of a given kind. The use of such fixture units can be
applied to a single basic probability curve (or table), found in
the various sizing methods (Table E102). The fixture units are
then converted into gallons per minute (L/m) flow rate for esti-
mating demand.

2.1) Estimate continuous supply demand in gallons per min-
ute (L/m) for lawn sprinklers, air conditioners, etc., and add
the sum to the total demand for fixtures. The result is the esti-
mated supply demand for the building supply. Fixture units
cannot be applied to constant use fixtures such as hose bibbs,
lawn sprinklers and air conditioners. These types of fixtures
must be assigned the gallon per minute (L/m) value.

3. Selection of pipe size. This water pipe sizing procedure is
based on a system of pressure requirements and losses, the sum
of which must not exceed the minimum pressure available at
the supply source. These pressures are as follows:

3.L Pressure required at the fixture to produce required
flow. See Section 604.3 and Section 604.5.

3.2. Static pressure loss or gain (because of head) is com-
puted at 0.433 psi per foot (9.8 kPa/m) of elevation
change.

3.3. Loss through a water meter. The friction or pressure
loss can be obtained from the manufacturer.

3.4. Loss through taps in water main (see Table E103A).

3.5. Losses through special devices such as filters, soften-
ers, backflow prevention devices and pressure regula-
tors. These values must be obtained from the
manufacturers.

3.6. Loss through valves and fittings (see Tables E103B and
E103C). Losses for these items are calculated by con-
verting to equivalent length of piping and adding to the
total pipe length.

3.7. Loss caused by pipe friction can be calculated when the
pipe size, the pipe length and the flow through the pipe
are known. With these three items, the friction loss can
be determined using Figures E103A. 1 through E103D.
When using charts, use pipe inside diameters. For pip-
ing flow charts not included, use manufacturers' tables
and velocity recommendations.

Before attempting to size any water supply system, it
is necessary to gather preliminary information which
includes available pressure, piping material, select de-
sign velocity, elevation differences and developed
length to most remote fixture. The water supply system
is divided into sections at major changes in elevation or
where branches lead to fixture groups. The peak de-
mand must be determined in each part of the hot and
cold water supply system which includes the corre-
sponding water supply fixture unit and conversion to
gallons per minute (L/m) flow rate to be expected
through each section.

Sizing methods require the determination of the
"most hydraulically remote" fixture to compute the
pressure loss caused by pipe and fittings. The hydrauli-
cally remote fixture represents the most downstream
fixture along the circuit of piping requiring the most
available pressure to operate properly. Consideration
must be given to all pressure demands and losses, such
as friction caused by pipe, fittings and equipment, ele-
vation and the residual pressure required by Table
604.3. The two most common and frequent complaints
about the water supply system operation are lack of ad-
equate pressure and noise.

Problem: What size Type L copper water pipe, service and dis-
tribution will be required to serve a two-story factory building
having on each floor, back-to-back, two toilet rooms each
equipped with hot and cold water? The highest fixture is 21 feet
(6401 mm) above the street main, which is tapped with a 2-inch
(51 nam) corporation cock at which point the minimum pres-
sure is 55 psi (379.2 kPa). In the building basement, a 2-inch

110

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

APPENDIX E

(51 mm) meter with a maximum pressure drop of 11 psi (75.8
kPa) and 3-inch (76 mm) reduced pressure principle backflow
preventer with a maximum pressure drop of 9 psi (621 kPa) are to
be installed. The system is shown by Figure E 103. To be deter-
mined are the pipe sizes for the service main and the cold and hot
water distribution pipes.

Solution: A tabular arrangement such as shown in Table EIOIA
should first be constructed. The steps to be followed are indi-
cated by the Tabular Arrangement itself as they are in sequence,
columns' 1 through 10 and lines a through 1.

Columns 1 and 2: Divide the system into sections breaking at
major changes in elevation or where branches lead to fixture
groups. After point B (see Figure E103), separate consider-
ation will be given to the hot and cold water piping. Enter the
sections to be considered in the service and cold water piping
in Column 1 of the Tabular Arrangement. Column 1 of Table
ElOlA provides a line-by-line recommended tabular ar-
rangement for use in solving pipe sizing. The objective in de-
signing the water supply system is to ensure an adequate
water supply and pressure to all fixtures and equipment. Col-
umn 2 provides the pounds per square inch (psi) to be consid-
ered separately from the minimum pressure available at the
main. Such losses to take into consideration are the following:
the differences in elevations between the water supply source
and the highest water supply outlet, nleter pressure losses, the
tap in main loss, special fixture devices such as water soften-
ers and prevention devices and the pressure required at the
most remote fixture outlet. The difference in elevation can re-
sult in an increase or decrease in available pressure at the
main. Where the water supply outlet is located above the
source, this results in a loss in the available pressure and is
subtracted from the pressure at the water source. Where the
highest water supply outlet is located below the water supply
source, there will be an increase in pressure that is added to
the available pressure of the water source.

Column 3: According to Table El 02, determine the gpm
(L/m) of flow to be expected in each section of the system.
These flows range from 28.6 to 108 gpm. Load values for fix-
tures must be determined as water supply fixture units and
then converted to a gallon-per-minute (gpm) rating to deter-
mine peak demand. When calculating peak demands the wa-
ter supply fixture units are added together and then converted
to the gallon-per-minute rating. For continuous flow fixtures
such as hose bibbs and lawn sprinkler systems, add the gal-
lon-per-minute demand to the intermittent demand of fix-
tures. For example, a total of 1 20 water supply fixture units is
converted to a demand of 48 gallons per minute. Two hose
bibbs X 5 gpm demand =10 gpm. Total gpm rating = 48.0 gpm
+ 10 gpm = 58.0 gpm demand.

Line a: Enter the minimum pressure available at the main
source of supply in Column 2. This is 55 psi (379.2 kPa). The
local water authorities generally keep records of pressures at
different times of day and year. The available pressure can
also be checked from nearby buildings or from fire depart-
ment hydrant checks.

Line b: Determine from Section 604.3 the highest pres-
sure required for the fixtures on the system, which is 1 5 psi
(103.4 kPa), to operate a flushometer valve. The most re-
mote fixture outlet is necessary to compute the pressure
loss caused by pipe and fittings, and represents the most
downstream fixture along the circuit of piping requiring
the available pressure to operate properly as indicated by
Table 604.3.

Line c: Determine the pressure loss for the meter size
given or assumed. The total water flow from the main
through the service as determined in Step 1 will serve to
aid in the meter selected. There are three common types of
water meters; the pressure losses are determined by the
American Water Works Association Standards for dis-
placement type, compound type and turbine type. The
maximum pressure loss of such devices takes into consid-
eration the meter size, safe operating capacity (gpm) and
maximum rates for continuous operations (gpm).
Typically, equipment imparts greater pressure losses than
piping.

Line d: Select from Table El 03 A and enter the pressure
loss for the tap size given or assumed. The loss of pressure
through taps and tees in pounds per square inch (psi) are
based on the total gallon-per-minute flow rate and size of
the tap.

Line e: Determine the difference in elevation between the
main and source of supply and the highest fixture on the
system. Multiply this figure, expressed in feet, by 0.43 psi
(2.9 kPa). Enter the resulting psi loss Line e. The differ-
ence in elevation between the water supply source and the
highest water supply outlet has a significant impact on the
sizing of the water supply system. The difference in eleva-
tion usually results in a loss in the available pressure be-
cause the water supply outlet is generally located above the
water supply source. The loss is caused by the pressure re-
quired to lift the water to the outlet. The pressure loss is
subtracted from the pressure at the water source. Where
the highest water supply outlet is located below the water
source, there will be an increase in pressure which is added
to the available pressure of the water source.

Lines f, g and h: The pressure losses through filters,
backflow prevention devices or other special fixtures must
be obtained from the manufacturer or estimated and en-
tered on these lines. Equipment such as backflow preven-
tion devices, check valves, water softeners, instantaneous
or tankless water heaters, filters and strainers can impart a
much greater pressure loss than the piping. The pressure
losses can range from 8 psi. to 30 psi.

Step 3

Line I: The sum of the pressure requirements and losses
that alfect the overall system (Lines b through h) is entered
on this Une. Summarizing the steps, all of the system losses
are subtracted from the minimum water pressure. The re-
mainder is the pressure available for friction, defined as
the energy available to push the water through the pipes to
each fixture. This force can be used as an average pressure
loss, as long as the pressure available for friction is not ex-
ceeded. It is recommended that a certain amount be saved

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

111

APPENDIX E

for available water supply pressures as an area incurs growth,
or because of aging of the pipe or equipment added to the sys-
tem.

Step 4

Line j: Subtract Line i from Line a. This gives the pressure
that remains available from overcoming friction losses in the
system. This figure is a guide to the pipe size that is chosen for
each section, as the total friction losses to the most remote
outlet (measured length is called developed length).

Exception: When the main is above the highest fixture,
the resulting psi must be considered a pressure gain (static
head gain) and omitted from the sums of Lines b through h
and added to Line j.

The maximum friction head loss that can be tolerated in
the system during peak demand is the difference between
the static pressure at the highest and most remote outlet at
no-flow conditions and the minimum flow pressure re-
quired at that outlet, ff the losses are within the required
limits, then every run of will is also within the required
friction head loss. Static pressure loss is the most remote
outlet in feet x .433= loss in psi caused by elevation differ-
ences.

Column 4t Enter the length of each section from the main to
the most remote outlet (at Point E). Divide the water supply
system into sections breaking at major changes in elevation or
where branches lead to fixture groups.

amn Si When selecting a trial pipe size, the length be-
tween the water service or meter to the most remote fixture
outlet must be measured to determine the developed length.
However, in systems having a flush valve or temperature con-
trolled shower at the top most floors, the developed length
would be from the water meter to the most remote flush valve
on the system. A rule of thumb is that size will become pro-
gressively smaller as the system extends farther from the main
source of supply. Trial pipe size may be arrived at by the fol-
lowing formula:

Line J (Pressure available to overcome pipe friction) x
100/Equivalent length of run total developed length to most

remote fixture x percentage factor of 1.5 (note: a
percentage factor is used only as an estimate for friction
losses imposed for fittings for initial trial pipe size) = psi
(Average pressure drops per 100 feet of pipe).

For trial pipe size see Figure E 103A.2 (Type L copper)
based on 2.77 psi and a 108 gpm= 2 Vz inches. To deter-
mine the equivalent length of run to the most remote outlet,
the developed length is determined and added to the fric-
tion losses for fittings and valves. The developed lengths
of the designated pipe sections are as follows:

A - B 54'

B-C 8'

C-D 13'

D - E 150'

Total developed length = 225'

The equivalent length the friction loss in fittings and valves
must be added to the developed length (most remote out-
let). Where the size of fittings and valves are not known
then the added friction loss should be approximated. A
general rule that has been used is to add 50 percent of the
developed length to allow for fittings and valves. For ex-
ample, the equivalent length of run equals the developed
length of run (225' x 1.5 = 338'). The total equivalent
length of run for determining a trial pipe size is 3 3 8 feet.

Example: 9.36 (pressure available to overcome pipe fric-
tion) X 100/ 338 (Equivalent length of run=225 x 1.5)=
2.77 psi (average pressure drop per 100 feet of pipe).

Step?

Column 6: Select from Table E103C the equivalent
lengths for the trial pipe size of fittings and valves on each
pipe section. Enter the sum for each section in Column 6.
(The number of fittings to be used in this example must be
an estimate.) The equivalent length of piping is the devel-
oped length plus the equivalent lengths of pipe corre-
sponding to friction head losses for fittings and valves.
Where the size of fittings and valves are not known, then
the added friction head losses must be approximated. A es-
timate for this example is as follows:

PRESSURE LOSS EXPRESSED AS EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF TUBE (FEET)

COLD WATER
PIPE SECTION

FITTINGS/VALVES

PRESSURE LOSS

EXPRESSED AS

EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF

TUBE (FEET)

HOT WATER
PIPE SECTION

FITTINGS/VALVES

PRESSURE LOSS

EXPRESSED AS

EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF

TUBE (FEET)

A-B

3-2V2" Gate valves

3

A-B

3-2 V2" Gate valves

3

I-2V2" Side branch tee

12

I-2V2" Side branch tee

12

B-C

l-2V2"Straightruntee

.5

B-C

1-2" Straight run tee

7

1-2" 90-degree ell

.5

C-F

I-2V2" Side branch tee

12

C-F

1-1 V2" Side branch tee

7

CD

1-2 V2" 90-degree ell

7

C-D

I-IV2" 90-degree ell

4

D-E

I-2V2" Side branch tee

12

D-E

1-1 V2" Side branch tee

7

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

112

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

APPENDIX E

Steps

Column 7: Add the figures from Column 4 and Column 6,
and enter in Column 7. Express the sum in hundreds of feet.

Step 9

Column 8: Select from figure E103A.2 the friction loss per
100 feet (30 480 mm) of pipe for the gallon-per-minute flow
in a section (Column 3) and trial pipe size (Column 5). Maxi-
mum friction head loss per 100 feet is determined on the basis
of total pressure available for friction head loss and the lon-
gest equivalent length of run. The selection is based on the
gallon-per-minute demand, the uniform friction head loss,
and the maximum design velocity. Where the size indicated
by hydraulic table indicates a velocity in excess of the se-
lected velocity, then a size must be selected which produces
the required velocity.

Step 10

Column 9: Multiply the figures in Columns 7 and 8 for each
section and enter in Column 9.

Total friction loss is determined by multiplying the friction
loss per 100 feet (30 480 mm) for each pipe section in the total
developed length by the pressure loss in fittings expressed as
equivalent length in feet. Note: Section C-F should not be
considered in the total pipe fiiction losses only if greater loss
occurs than in pipe section D-E. Section C-F is not consid-
ered in the total developed length. Total friction loss in equiv-
alent length is determined as follows:

PIPE SECTIONS

COLD WATER

HOT WATER

A-B

2.21

2.21

B-C

.26

.22

C-D

.38

.54

D-E

3.08

5.02

Total pipe friction losses
(Line k)

5.93

7.99

Step 11

Line k: Enter the sum of the values in Column 9. The value
is the total friction loss in equivalent length for each desig-
nated pipe section.

Step 12

Linel: Subtract Linej from Line k and enter in Column 10.

The result should always be a positive or plus figure. If it is
not, it is necessary to repeat the operation using Columns
5, 6, 8 and 9 until a balance or near balance is obtained. If
the difference between Lines j and k is a high positive
number, it is an indication that the pipe sizes are too large
and should be reduced, thus saving materials. In such a
case, the operations using Columns 5, 6, 8 and 9 should
again be repeated.

The total friction losses are determined and subtracted
from the pressure available to overcome pipe friction for
trial pipe size. This number is critical as it provides a guide
whether or not the pipe size selected is too large and the
process should be repeated to obtain an economically de-
signed system.

Answer: The final figures entered in Column 5 become
the design pipe size for the respective sections. Repeating
this operation a second time using the same sketch but con-
sidering the demand for hot water, it is possible to size the
hot water distribution piping. This has been worked up as a
part of the overall problem in the Tabular Arrangement
used for sizing the service and water distribution piping. It
should be noted that consideration must be given the pres-
sure losses from the street main to the water heater (Sec-
tion AB) in determining the hot water pipe sizes.

2000 rNTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

113

A

O —
MAIN

HOTVWTER

COLD\/\ATER

M = METER

BFP= BACKFLOWPREVENTER

J^ = 90 DEGREE ELBOW
P =T'
M = VALVE

FLOOR 2

288fu, 108 gpm

:i

I

132fu,
77 gpm

FLOOR 1

264fu, —
104.5 gpm

MO — [XKXxl — h
M BFP

54 FT.

150 FT

^— I-

.ZIL

132fu, 77 gpm

D'

<I

-12fu, 28.6 gpm

132fu, 77 gpm

C

4^

- B'

V

12fu, 28.6 gpm
24fu, 38 gpm

V\ATER HEATER

^^

E'

^
■^

FIGURE El 04
EXAMPLE— SIZING

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

APPENDIX E

TABLE E101A
RECOMMENDED TABULAR ARRANGEMENT FOR USE IN SOLVING PIPE SIZING PROBLEMS

COLUMN

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Line

Description

Lbs.
per
square
inch
(psi)

Gai. per

min.
tlirougti
section

Length

of

section

(feet)

Trial

pipe

size

(inches)

Equivalent

length of

fittings

and valves

(feet)

Total
equivalent

length
Col. 4 and

Col. 6
(100 feet)

Friction

loss per

100 feet

of trial

size

pipe

(psi)

Friction

loss In

equivalent

length

Col. 8 X

Col. 7

(psi)

Excess
pressure

over
friction
losses

(psi)

a

Service

Minimum pressure available at

and cold

main 55.00

b

water
distribution

Highest pressure required at a fixture
(Section 6043).. 15.00

'

c

piping"

Meter loss 2" meter 1 1.00

d

Tap in main loss 2" tap

(Table E103A)

1.61

e

Static head loss 21' 0.43 psi

9.03

f

Special fixture loss backflow
preventer

9.00

g

Special fixture loss — Filter ....

0.00

h

Special fixture loss — Other. . . .

0.00

i

Total overall losses and requirements
(sum of Lines b through h). . 45.64

J

Pressure available to overcome pipe

friction

(Line a minus Lines b to h) . .

9.36

FU

Designation A-B

288

108.0

54

2%

15.00

.69

3.2

2.21

—

Pipe section (from diagram) B-C

264

104.5

8

1%

.5

.085

3.1

0.26

—

Cold water distribution q.d

132

77.0

13

1\

7.00

.20

1.9

0.38

—

piping c_pb

132

77.0

150

1\

12.00

1.62

1.9

3.08

—

D-E''

132

77.0

150

2%

12.00

1.62

1.9

3.08

—

k

Total pipe friction losses (cold)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Difference (Line j minus Line k)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

3.43

Pipe section (from diagram) A'- B'

288

108.0

54

2\

12.00

.69

3.3

2.21

—

Hot water distribution B'- C

24

38.0

8

2

7.5

.16

1.4

0.22

—

piping C'-D'

12

28.6

13

IV,

4.0

.17

3.2

0.54

—

C- F'^ ....

12

28.6

150

\\

7.00

1.57

3.2

5.02

—

D'- E'b . . . .

12

28.6

150

\\

7.00

1.57

3.2

5.02

—

k

Total pipe friction losses (hot)

—

—

—

—

—

—

7.99

—

1

Difference (Line j minus Line k)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1.37

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.

a. To be considered as pressure gain for fixtures below main (to consider separately, omit from "i" and add to "j")-

b. To consider separately, in k use C-F only if greater loss than above.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

115

APPENDIX E

TABLE E1 01 B
LOAD VALUES ASSIGNED TO FIXTURES^

FIXTURE

OCCUPANCY

TYPE OF SUPPLY
CONTROL

LOAD VALUES, IN WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS (wsfu)

Cold

Hot

Total

Bathroom group

Private

Flush tank

2.7

1.5

3.6

Bathroom group

Private

Flush valve

6.0

3.0

8.0

Bathtub

Private

Faucet

1.0

1.0

1.4

Bathtub

Public

Faucet

3.0

3.0

4.0

Bidet

Private

Faucet

1.5

1.5

2.0

Combination fixture

Private

Faucet

2.25

2.25

3.0

Dishwashing machine

Private

Automatic

—

1.4

1.4

Drinking fountain

Offices, etc.

Vg" valve

0.25

—

0.25

Kitchen sink

Private

Faucet

1.0

1.0

1.4

Kitchen sink

Hotel, restaurant

Faucet

3.0

3.0

4.0

Laundry trays (1 to 3)

Private

Faucet

1.0

1.0

1.4

Lavatory

Private

Faucet

0.5

0.5

0.7

Lavatory

Public

Faucet

1.5

1.5

2.0

Service sink

Offices, etc.

Faucet

2.25

2.25

3.0

Shower head

Pubhc

Mixing valve

3.0

3.0

4.0

Shower head

Private

Mixing valve

1.0

1.0

1.4

Urinal

Pubhc

1" flush valve

10.0

—

10.0

Urinal

PubUc

^Z/' flush valve

5.0

—

5.0

Urinal

Pubhc

Flush tank

3.0

—

3.0

Washing machine (8 lbs.)

Private

Automatic

1.0

1.0

1.4

Washing machine (8 lbs.)

Public

Automatic

2.25

2.25

3.0

Washing machine (15 lbs.)

Public

Automatic

3.0

3.0

4.0

Water closet

Private

Flush valve

6.0

— ■

6.0

Water closet

Private

Flush tank

2.2

—

2.2

Water closet

Public

Flush valve

10.0

—

10.0

Water closet

Public

Flush tank

5.0

—

5.0

Water closet

Public or private

Flushometer tank

2.0

—

2.0

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.

a. For fixtures not listed, loads should be assumed by comparing the fixture to one listed using water in similar quantities and at similar rates. The assigned loads for

fixtures with both hot and cold water supplies are given for separate hot and cold water loads and for total load, the separate hot and cold water loads being

three-fourths of the total load for the fixture in each case.

116

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

APPENDIX E

TABLE E102
TABLE FOR ESTIMATING DEMAND

SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH TANKS

SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH VALVES

Load

Demand

Load

Demand

(Water supply fixture units)

(Gallons per minute)

(Cubic feet per minute)

(Water supply fixture units)

(Gallons per minute)

(Cubic feet per minute)

1

3.0

0.04104

—

—

—

2

5.0

0.0684

—

—

—

3

6.5

0.86892

—

—

—

4

8.0

1.06944

—

—

—

5

9.4

1.256592

5

15.0

2.0052

6

10.7

1.430376

6

17.4

2.326032

7

11.8

1.577424

7

19.8

2.646364

8

12.8

1.711104

8

22.2

2.967696

9

13.7

1.831416

9

24.6

3.288528

10

14.6

1.951728

10

27.0

3.60936

11

15.4

2.058672

11

27.8

3.716304

12

16.0

2.13888

12

28.6

3.823248

13

16.5

2.20572

13

29.4

3.930192

14

17.0

2.27256

14

30.2 ■.

4.037136

15

17.5

2.3394

15

31.0

4.14408

16

18.0

2.90624

16

31.8

4.241024

17

18.4

2.459712

17

32.6

4.357968

18

18.8

2.513184

18

33.4

4.464912

19

19.2

2.566656

19

34.2

4.571856

20

19.6

2.620128

20

35.0

4.6788

25

21.5

2.87412

25

38.0

5.07984

30

23.3

3.114744

30

42.0

5.61356

35

24.9

3.328632

35

44.0

5.88192

40

26.3

3.515784

40

46.0

6.14928

45

27.7

3.702936

45

48.0

6.41664

50

29.1

3.890088

50

50.0

6.684

60

32.0

4.27776

60

54.0

7.21872

70

35.0

4.6788

70

58.0

7.75344

80

38.0

5.07984

80

61.2

8.181216

90

41.0

5.48088

90

64.3

8.595624

100

43.5

5.81508

100

67.5

9.0234

120

48.0

6.41664

120

73.0

9.75864

140

52.5

7.0182

140

77.0

10.29336

160

57.0

7.61976

160

81.0

10.82808

180

61.0

8.15448

180

85.5

11.42964

200

65.0

8.6892

200

90.0

12.0312

225

70.0

9.3576

225

95.5

12.76644

250

75.0

10.0260

250

101.0

13.50168

(continued)

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

117

APPENDIX E

TABLE El 02— continued
TABLE FOR ESTIMATING DEMAND

SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH TANKS

SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH VALVES

Load

Demand

Load

Demand

(Water supply fixture units)

(Gallons per minute)

(Cubic feet per minute)

(Water supply fixture units)

(Gallons per minute)

(Cubic feet per minute)

275

80.0

10.6944

275

104.5

13.96956

300

85.0

11.3628

300

108.0

14.43744

400

105.0

14.0364

400

127.0

16.97736

500

124.0

16.57632

500

143.0

19.11624

750

170.0

22.7256

750

177.0

23.66136

1,000

208.0

27.80544

1,000

208.0

27.80544

1,250

239.0

31.94952

1,250

239.0

31.94952

1,500

269.0

35.95992

1,500

269.0

35.95992

1,750

297.0

39.70296

1,750

297.0

39.70296

2,000

325.0

43.446

2,000

325.0

43.446

2,500

380.0

50.7984

2,500

380.0

50.7984

3,000

433.0

57.88344

3,000

433.0

57.88344

4,000

535.0

70.182

4,000

525.0

70.182

5,000

593.0

79.27224

5,000

593.0

79.27224

For SI: 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 cubic foot per minute = 0.4719 L/s.

TABLE E103A
LOSS OF PRESSURE THROUGH TAPS AND TEES IN POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH (psi)

GALLONS PER MINUTE

SIZE OF TAP OR TEE (inches)

%

%

1

1V4

1V.

2

3

10

1.35

0.64

0.18

0.08

—

—

—

20

5.38

2.54

0.77

0.31

0.14

—

—

30

12.1

5.72

1.62

0.69

0.33

0.10

—

40

—

10.2

3.07

1.23

0.58

0.18

—

50

—

15.9

4.49

1.92

0.91

0.28

—

60

—

—

6.46

2.76

1.31

0.40

—

70

—

—

8.79

3.76

1.78

0.55

0.10

80

—

—

11.5

4.90

2.32

0.72

0.13

90

—

—

14.5

6.21

2.94

0.91

0.16

100

—

—

17.94

7.67

3.63

1.12

0.21

120

—

—

25.8

11.0

5.23

1.61

0.30

140

—

—

35.2

15.0

7.12

2.20

0.41

150

—

—

—

17.2

8.16

2.52

0.47

160

—

—

—

19.6

9.30

2.92

0.54

180

—

—

—

24.8

11.8

3.62

0.68

200

—

—

—

30.7

14.5

4.48

0.84

225

—

—

—

38.8

18.4

5.6

1.06

250

—

—

—

47.9

22.7

7.00

1.31

275

—

—

—

—

27.4

7.70

1.59

300

—

—

—

—

32.6

10.1

1.88

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square inch - 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.

118

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

APPENDIX E

TABLE E103B
ALLOWANCE IN EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF PIPE FOR FRICTION LOSS IN VALVES AND THREADED FITTINGS (feet)

FITTING OR VALVE

PIPE SIZES (inches)

\

%

1

1V4

1V,

2

2\

3

45-degree elbow

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.4

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

90-degree elbow

2.0

2.5

3.0

4.0

5.0

7.0

8.0

lO.O

Tee, run

0.6

0.8

0.9

1.2

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Tee, branch

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

10.0

12.0

15.0

Gate valve

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.3

1.6

2.0

Balancing valve

0.8

1.1

1.5

1.9

2.2

3.0

3.7

4.5

Plug-type cock

0.8

I.l

1.5

1.9

2.2

3.0

3.7

4.5

Check valve, swing

5.6

8.4

11.2

14.0

16.8

22.4

28.0

33.6

Globe valve

15.0

20.0

25.0

35.0

45.0

55.0

65.0

80.0

Angle valve

8.0

12.0

15.0

18.0

22.0

28.0

34.0

40.0

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 degree = 0.01745 rad.

TABLE E103C
PRESSURE LOSS IN FITTINGS AND VALVES EXPRESSED AS EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF TUBE^ (feet)

NOMINAL OR

STANDARD

SIZE (Inches)

FITTINGS

VALVES

Standard Ell

90-Degree Tee

Coupling

Ball

Gate

Butterfly

Check

90 Degree

45 Degree

Side branch

Straight run

%

0.5

—

1.5

—

—

—

—

—

1.5

V2

1

0.5

2

—

—

—

—

—

2

%

1.5

0.5

2

—

—

—

—

—

2.5

\

2

0.5

3

—

—

—

—

—

3

1

2.5

1

4.5

—

—

0.5

—

—

4.5

IV4

3

1

5.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

—

—

5.5

\%

4

1.5

7

• 0.5

0.5

0.5

—

—

6.5

2

5.5

2

9

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

7.5

9

2\

7

2.5

12

0.5

0.5

—

1

10

11.5

3

9

3.5 '

15

1

I

—

1.5

15.5

14.5

3V2

9

3.5

14

1

1

—

2

— .

12.5

4

12.5

5

21

1

1

—

2

16

18.5

5

16

6

27

1.5

1.5

—

3

11.5

23.5

6

19

7

34

2

2

—

3.5

13.5

26.5

8

29

11

50

3

3

—

5

12.5

39

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 degree = 0.01745 rad.

a. Allowances are for streamlined soldered fittings and recessed threaded fittings. For threaded fittings, double the allowances shown in the table. The equivalent
lengths presented above are based on a C factor of 150 in the Hazen-Williams friction loss formula. The lengths shown are rounded to the nearest half-foot.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

119

APPENDIX E

9000 r- —

4-4-4-4-M4-!

T~rTTnTi
T~rTTnTi

^ 9000

i

-\ 5000

H 4000

-\ 3000

I

-| 2000

I
1000

PRESSURE DROP PER 100 FEET OF TUBE, POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
Note: Fluid velocities in excess of 5 to 8 feet/second are not usually recommended.

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m,
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 foot per second - 0.305 m/s.

a. This chart applies to smooth new copper tubing with recessed (streamlined) soldered joints and to the actual sizes of types indicated on the diagram.

FIGURE E103A.1

FRICTION LOSS IN SWiOOTH PIPE^

(TYPE K, ASTWJ B 88 COPPER TUBING)

120

2000 DNTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

APPENDIX E

•

PRESSURE DROP PER 100 FEET OF TUBE, POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
Note: Fluid velocities in excess of 5 to 8 feet/second are not usually recommended.

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon per minute - 3.785 L/m,
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.

a. This chart applies to smooth new copper tubing with recessed (streamlined) soldered joints and to the actual sizes of types indicated on the diagram.

FIGURE E103A.2

FRICTION LOSS IN SMOOTH PIPE^

(TYPE L, ASTM B 88 COPPER TUBING)

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

121

APPENDIX E

9000 [^

r

5000 '—
4000 ^

3000 :—

2000

1000 ^ — —

FT

r-r
ri

FT
t--t

LU

1-

l„ .,

3

1

Z

400

lV -^

:^

L^\

cc

300

— \r

LU

1 \

CO

L.._

2

200

1 ^

O

\y

_j

r

_J

1

<

1 ^

o

100

\^-

LU

g

50

t^_

LL

40

r^^

DC
LU

30

\^

=FH=FP90oo

Fnn:i
rnrH

ypj-|H5000
yp-f-|H4000

t-tit-H^ooo
. Mil'

-ppp|H2000

I

I Mill
^p|:p|diooo

rnrH
rnrH

^p-pH400

j-l-hHsoo

.11
rirM2oo

Jioo

oj n '^ in o

PRESSURE DROP PER 100 FEET OF TUBE, POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
Mote: Fluid velocities in excess of 5 to 8 feet/second are not usually recommended.

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m,
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.

a. This chart applies to smooth new copper tubing with recessed (streamlined) soldered joints and to the actual sizes of types indicated on the diagram.

FIGURE E-g03A.3

FRICTION LOSS IN SMOOTH P«PE^

(TYPE m, ASTM B 88 COPPER TUBDiSSG)

122

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUiVlBING CODE®

APPENDIX E

FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100 FEET LENGTH

0000

<

o o oooo o

FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100-FOOT LENGTH

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m,

1 pound per square inch head per 100-foot length = 2.26 kPa head per 10 m length, 1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.

a. This chart applies to smooth new steel (fairly smooth) pipe and to actual diameters of standard-weight pipe.

FIGURE E103B
FRICTION LOSS IN FAIRLY SMOOTH PIPE^

2000 BNTERNATBONAL PLUMBING CODE®

123

APPENDIX E

FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100 FEET LENGTH

O

10000
9000
8000
7000
6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

LU

1-

300

=)

Z

^

200

DC

LU

Q.

W

2

o

_J

100
90

_I

K)

<

70

C5

60

Z

50

40

30

20

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

44000

3000

2000

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

LU

300

3

Z

200

^

DC

LU

a.

CO

100
90

z

80

_l

70
60

<

CD

50

z

40

S

_i

30

u.

20

9
8

7
6
5

4
3

oo oooo o

FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100-FOOT LENGTH

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m,

1 pound per square inch head per 100-foot length = 2.26 kPa head per 10 m length, 1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.

a. This chart applies to fairly rough pipe and to actual diameters which in general will be less than the actual diameters of the new pipe of the same kind.

FIGURE E103C
FRICTION LOSS IN FAIRLY ROUGH PIPE^

124

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

APPENDIX E

FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100 FEET LENGTH

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000
4000
3000

2000

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

UJ

300

1-

z

200

s

cc

LU

Q-

CO

z

100

o

90

_i

80
70

_i
<

8

7
6
5

d d dddddoT^

N CO 'it- « (OI^OOOO

FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100-FOOT LENGTH

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m,

1 pound per square inch head per 100-foot length = 2.26 kPa head per 10 m length, 1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.
a. This chart applies to very rough pipe and existing pipe and to their actual diameters.

FIGURE E103D
FRICTION LOSS IN ROUGH PIPE^

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

125

•

126 2000 DNTER^3ATI0NAL PLUMBING CODE®

APPENDIX F

STRUCTURAL SAFETY

SECTION F101

CUTTING, NOTCHING AND

BORING IN WOOD MEMBERS

FlOl.l Joist notching. Notches on the ends of joists shall not ex-
ceed one-fourth the joist depth. Holes bored in joists shall not be
within 2 inches (5 1 mm) of the top or bottom of the joist, and the
diameter of any such hole shall not exceed one-third the depth of
the joist. Notches in the top or bottom of joists shall not exceed
one- sixth the depth and shall not be located in the middle third of
the span.

1.2 Stud cutting and notching. In exterior walls and bear-
ing partitions, any wood stud is perrriitted to be cut or notched to
a depth not exceeding 25 percent of its width. Cutting or notch-
ing of studs to a depth not greater than 40 percent of the width of
the stud is permitted in nonbearing partitions supporting no loads
other than the weight of the partition.

F101.3 Bored holes. A hole not greater in diameter than 40 per-
cent of the stud width is permitted to be bored in any wood stud.
Bored holes not greater than 60 percent of the width of the stud is
permitted in nonbearing partitions or in any wall where each
bored stud is doubled, provided not more than two such succes-
sive doubled studs are so bored. In no case shall the edge of the
bored hole be nearer than 0.625 inch (15.9 mm) to the edge of the
stud. Bored holes shall not be located at the same section of stud
as a cut or notch.

L.4 Cutting, notching and boring holes in structural steel

framing. The cutting, notching and boring of holes in structural
steel framing members shall be as prescribed by the registered
design professional.

F101.5 Cutting, notching and boring holes in cold-formed
steel framing. Flanges and lips of load-bearing cold-formed
steel framing members shall not be cut or notched. Holes in webs
of load-bearing cold-formed steel framing members shall be per-
mitted along the centerhne of the web of the framing member
and shall not exceed the dimensional limitations, penetration
spacing or minimum hole edge distance as prescribed by the reg-
istered design professional. Cutting, notching and boring holes
of steel floor/roof decking shall be as prescribed by the registered
design professional.

F101.6 Cutting, notching and boring holes in nonstructural

cold-formed steel wall framing. Flanges and lips of
nonstructural cold-formed steel wall studs shall not be cut or
notched. Holes in webs of nonstructural cold-formed steel wall
studs shall be permitted along the centerhne of the web of the
framing member, shall not exceed 1 .5 inches (38 mm) in width or
4 inches (102 mm) in length, and the holes shall not be spaced
less than 24 inches (610 mm) center to center from another hole
or less than 10 inches (254 mm) from the bearing end.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 127

128 2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

APPENDIX G

VACUUM DRAINAGE SYSTEM

SECTION G101

DRAINAdE SYSTEM

GlOl.l Scope. This appendix provides general guidelines for
the requirements for vacuum drainage systems.

G101.2 Gemeral requiremeets.

GlOl.2.1 System design. Vacuum drainage systems shall be
designed in accordance with manufacturer's reconmienda-
tions. The system layout, including piping layout, tank
assemblies, vacuum pump assembly and other compo-
nents/designs necessary for proper function of the system
shall be per manufacturer's recommendations. Plans, specifi-
cations and other data for such systems shall be submitted to
the local administrative authority for review and approval
prior to installation.

.2.2 Fixtures. Gravity-type fixtures used in vacuum
drainage systems shall comply with Chapter 4 of this code.

GlOl.2.3 Drainage fixture units. Fixture units for gravity
drainage systems which discharge into or receive discharge
from vacuum drainage systems shall be based on values in
Chapter 7 of this code.

L.2.4 Water supply fixture units. Water supply fixture
units shall be based on values in Chapter 6 of this code with
the addition that the fixture unit of a vacuum-type water closet
shall be "1."

1,2,5 Traps and cleanouts. Gravity-type fixtures shall
be provided with traps and cleanouts in accordance with
Chapter 10 of this code.

G101,2.6 Materials. Vacuum drainage pipe, fitting and valve
materials shall be as recommended by the vacuum drainage
system manufacturer and as permitted by this code.

G101.3 Testing and demonstrations. After completion of the
entire system installation, the system shall be subjected to a vac-
uum test of 19 inches (483 mm) of mercury and shall be operated
to function as required by the administrative authority and the
manufacturer. Recorded proof of all tests shall be submitted to
the administrative authority.

Gl€)l,4 Written instructions. Written instructions for the oper-
ations, maintenance, safety and emergency procedures shall be
provided by the building owner as verified by the administrative
authority.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 1 29

130 2000 INTERNATIONAL PLURflBING CODE®

INDEX

ABS PIPE

Where permitted 702.1

ACCESS TO

Cleanouts 708

Fixtures 402

Interceptors and separators 1003

ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES 404

ADMINISTRATION

Applicability 102

Approval 105, 107.6

Fees 106.6

Inspections 107

Intent 101.3

Maintenance 102.3

Means of appeal 109

Scope 101.2

Validity 106.5.2

Violations 108

AIR ADMITTANCE VALVES

Definition 202

Where permitted 917

AIR BREAK

Definition 202

Method of providing 802.2

Required 802.2.2

AIR GAP

Definition 202

Method of providing 608.15.1

Required 608.15.1

AIR TEST 312.3

ALTERATIONS AND REPAIRS 102.4

ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT. 105.2

APPROVED

Definition 202

ASBESTOS-CEMENT PIPE

Where permitted Table 702.2

ATMOSPHERIC VACUUM BREAKER 608.13.6,

608.15.4,608.15.4.1

AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHER 406

o

BACKFILLING 306.3

BACKFLOW PREVENTER

Definition 202

Double check valves 608.13.7

Required 608.1

Standards Table 608.1

BACKFLOW PROTECTION 608.1

BACKWATER VALVES

Where required 71 5

BALL COCK 425.4.1

BAROMETRIC LOOP 608.13.4

BATHTUBS 407

BEDPAN STEAMERS 202

BEDPAN WASHERS 202

BIDETS 408

BOOSTER SYSTEM 606.5.5

BOTTLING ESTABLISHMENT 1003.7

BRASS PIPE

Where permitted 702.1

BUILDING DRAIN

Definition 202

MaterialTable 702.1 , Table 702.2

Sizing, sanitary Table 709.1

BUILDING DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

Below sewer level 712.1

BUILDING SEWER

Definition 202

MaterialTable 702.3

Sizing, sanitary Table 710.1(1)

BUILDING SYSTEMS

Connection to public water and sewer 701 .2

BUILDING TRAPS 1002.6

C
CAST-IRON PIPE

Where permitted Table 702.1 , Table 702.2,

Table 702.3, Table 702.4

CAULKING FERRULES 705.18

CHANGE IN DIRECTION OF DRAINAGE
PIPING 706.1

CHEMICAL WASTE

Exclusion from the sewer 803.3

Material Table 702.4

Neutralizing 803.2

CLAY PIPE Table 702.3

CLEANOUTS

Base of stack 708.3.4

Building drain 708.3.5

Change of direction 708.3.3

Definition 202

Direction of flow 708.5

Location of 708.3

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

131

INDEX

Manholes 708.3.6

Plugs, materials for 708.2

Prohibited installation of 708.6

Size 708.7, 708.8

CODE OFFICIAL

Application for permit 106.3

Appointment 103.2

Definition 202

Department records 1 04.8

Duties and powers 104

General 104.1

Identification 104.6

Inspections 107

COMBIMEO DRAIN 202

COIWlDiON ¥ENTS 202

CONCRETE PIPE

Where permitted Table 702.3

CONDOCTOR 202

CONNECTION TO PLUiyiBING SYSTEM
REQUIRED 701 .2

CONNECTIONS TO SUMPS AND EJECTORS

Below sewer level 712.1

CONSERVATION

Fixtures 604.4

Flow rates Table 604.3

Insulation 505

CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 106.3.1

CONTROLLED FLOW STORM DRAINAGE ... 1 101 .7
Chlorinated polyvinyl pipe or tubing where

permitted Table 605.4,

Table 605.5, Table 606.6

COPPER OR COPPER-ALLOY PIPE OR TUBING

Where permitted Table 605.4,

Table 605.5, Table 606.6

CROSS CONNECTIONS 608

CUTTING OR NOTCHING, STRUCTURAL
MEMBERS Appendix F

D

DEAD ENDS IN DRAINAGE SYSTEM 704.5

DESIGN PROFESSIONAL 109.2

DETRIMENTAL WASTES 302

DDSHWASHDNG MACIHIDNE 409

DUSONFECTION of potable water system . 610

DISTANCE OF TRAP FROM VENT 906.1

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (See WATER)
DRAIN

Roof 1105

Storm 1106

DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS

Definition, fixture unit 202

Valves for continuous flow 709.3

Valves for fixtures Table 709.1

IMAGE SYSTEM

Connection to sewer or private disposal

system 701 .2

Dead ends 704.5

Determining load and size 710.1

Fixture units Table 709.1

Horizontal drains 708.3.1

Indirect waste 802

Joints 705

Material detrimental to 302

Offset sizing 71 1

Provisions for future fixtures 710.2

Sizing Table 710.1(1)

Slope of piping Table 710.1(1)

Sumps and ejectors 712

Testing 312

JTADNS .....410

EJECTORS 712

EMPLOYEE FACILITIES 403.4

EXISTING BUILDING PLUMBING SYSTEMS . . 102.2

F

FACILITIES 403

FAUCETS 424

FEES 106

FERRULES 705.18

FITTINGS

Drainage system 706

Material standards 702.4

SE FITTINGS 424

TRAPS 1002

Acid-resisting 1002.9

Building 1002.6

Design of 1002.2

For each fixture 1002.1

Prohibited 1002.3

Seals 1002.4

Setting and protection 1002.7

Size 1002.5

ORE UNDTS

Definition 202

Valves for continuous flow 709.3

Valves for fixtures. 709.1 , Table 709.1

JES (See PLUMBING FIXTURES)

FLOOD LEVEL RIM 202

FLOOR DRAINS 412, Table 709.1

5S, EMERGENCY 202

•

132

2000 ONTERNATIONAL PLUEyiBING CODE®

INDEX

FLOOR FLANGES 405.4.1, 405.4.2

FLOW RATES 604.3, Table 604.3

Table 604.4, 604.10
FLUSHING DEVICES

Flush tanks 425.4, 604.3, 604.5

Flushometer tanks 425.3, 604.3, 604.5

Flushometer valves 425.3, 604.3

Required 425

FOOD HANDLING DRAINAGE 802.1.1

FOOD WASTE GRINDER 413

FREEZING, PROTECTION OF PIPES 305.6

FROST CLOSURE 904.2

FUEL-GAS PIPING Appendix G

FUTURE FIXTURES 704.4

GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE 605.5,

Table 605.5, 605.18

GARBAGE CAN WASHERS 414

GARBAGE DISPOSALS 413

GENERAL REGULATIONS 301

Connection to plumbing system 413

Connection to public water and
sewer 301 .3, 301 .4

Elevator machinery rooms 301 .6

Health and safety 108.7, 108.7.1,

108.7.2, 108.7.3

Materials detrimental 302, 302.1 , 302.2

Piping measurements 301 .5

Protection of pipes 305

Rodentproofing 304, 304.1 ,

304.2, 304.3, 304.4

Sleeves 305.4

Strains and stresses in pipe 308

Toilet facilities for workers 31 1

Trenching, excavation and backfill 306

Washroom requirements 310

GREASE INTERCEPTORS 202, 1003

Approval 1003.2

Capacity 1003.4.2.1, 1003.4.2.2

In commercial buildings 1003.5

Not required 1003.3.3

Required 1003.1

GUTTERS 1106.6, Table 1106.6

H

HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

Attachment to buildings 308.4

Base of stacks 308.9

Definitions 202

Material 308.3

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

Seismic 308.2

Spacing Table 308.5

HEALTH AND SAFETY 101.3

HEALTH CARE PLUMBING 422, 609, 713

HEAT EXCHANGER PROTECTION 608 16.3

HORIZONTAL

Slope for drainage pipe 704.1

HOSPITAL PLUMBING FIXTURES 422

Clinical sinks 422.6

Height of special controls 422.10

Sterilizer equipment 422.9

HOT WATER

Heaters and tanks Chapter 5

Supply system 604

HOUSE TRAP 1002.6

I

INDIRECT WASTE 802

Air gap or break 802.2.1 , 802.2.2

Food handling establishment 802.1.1

Receptors 802.3

Special wastes 803

Wastewater temperature 803.1

INDIVIDUAL VENT 907

INSPECTION 107.1

Final 107.6

Reinspection 107.3.3

Required 107.3

Rough-in 107.1

Scheduling of 107.1

INSPECTOR (See CODE OFFICIAL)

INSULATION 505

INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS 1003

Access to 1003.10

Approval of 1003.2, 1003.3

Bottling establishments 1003.7

Capacity of grease

interceptors Table 1003.3.4.1

Definition 202

Laundries 1003.6

Not required 1003.3.3

Oil and flammable liquids separators 1003.4

Rate of flow control for grease

interceptors 1003.3.4.2

Required 1003.5, 1003.6

Slaughterhouses 1003.8

Venting 1 003.9

IRRIGATION, LAWN 608.16.5

J

JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS 605, 705

133

INDEX

LEAI
LEAi

ABS plastic pipe 705.2

Asbestos cement pipe 605.1 1 , 705.3

Between different materials 605.22, 705.16

Brass pipe 605.12

Brazed joints 605, 705

Cast-iron pipe 705.5

Caulked joint 605, 705

Concrete pipe 705.7

Copper or copper-alloy pipe 605, 705

Copper or copper-alloy tubing 705.2,

705.16.1,705.16.2

CPVC plastic pipe 605.16

Expansion joints 308.8

Galvanized steel pipe 605.18

Mechanical joints 605, 705

Polybutylene plastic pipe or tubing 605.19

Polyethylene plastic pipe or tubing 605.20

Prohibited 605.9, 707

PVC plastic pipe 705.14

Slip joints 705.17, 1002.2

Soldered joints 705.10.3

Solvent cementing 605, 705

Threaded 605.10.3

Vitrified clay pipe 705.15

Welded .605.12.4

K
HEN 418

L

1003.6

415

DRIES 416

3|PE 202

■RS 1106

AND VENTILATION REQUIREMENT . . . 310.1
MG, FIXTURE UNIT VALVE 709

M

3LES 708.3.6

IFOLDS 604.10

ERIAL

Above-ground drainage and

vent pipe Table 702.1

Alternative 105.2

Approval 107.6

Building sewer pipe 702.3

Building storm sewer pipe 1 102.4

Chemical waste pipe 702.5

Fittings Table 605.6, 702.4

Identification 303.1

Joints 605, 705

Roof drains 1 1 05

Sewer pipe 702.3

Standards Chapter 13

Storm drainage pipe Table 1 102.4

Subsoil drain pipe 1 102.5

Underground building drainage and vent

pipe 702.2

Vent pipe 702.2, 702.3

Water distribution pipe Table 605.5

Water service pipe Table 605.4

MATERIAL, FIXTURES

Quality 402.1

Special use 402.2

MATERIAL, SPECIAL

Caulking ferrules 705.18

Cleanout plugs 708.2

Sheet copper 402.3

Sheet head 402.4

Soldering bushings 705.19

MECHANICAL JOINTS 605, 705

N
NONPOTABLE WATER 608.1 , 608.8

OFFSETS

Definitions 202

Drainage 71 1

Venting 915.1

OPENINGS

Through walls or roofs 305.5

P

PERMIT

Application for 106.3

Conditions of 106.5

F-ees 106.6

Suspension of 106.5.5

PIPING

Construction documents 105.4.4

Drainage, horizontal slope Table 704.1

Drainage piping installation 704

Drainage piping offset, size 71 1

Joints 605, 705

PIPING PROTECTION

Backfilling 306.3

Breakage 305.2

Corrosion 305.1

134

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

INDEX

Footings 305.5

Freezing 305.6

Penetration 305.5

Tunneling 306.4

miHG FACILITIES 403

iBING FSXTURES

Accessible 403

Automatic clothes washers 406

Bidet 408

Clearances 405.3

Definition 202

Dishwashing machine 409

Drainage fixture unit values Table 709.1

Drinking fountain 410

Emergency showers 41 1

Eyewash stations 41 1

Floor drains 412

Food waste grinders 413

Future fixtures 704.4

Garbage can washer 414

Garbage disposal 413

Hospital 422

Installation 405

Joints at wall or floor 405.5

Kitchen sink 418

Laundry tray 415

Lavatories 416

Minimum facilities Table 403.1

Ornamental pools 423.1

Quality 402.1

Separate facilities 403.1

Settings 405.3

Showers 417

Sinks 418

Slop sinks 418

Toilets 420

Urinals 419

Water closets 420

Water coolers 410

Water supply protection 608

MSPECTOR (See CODE OFFICIAL)
EJECTORS 712

POLYBUTYLEME PIPE OR TUBING

Where permitted Table 605.4

POLYETHYLESSSE PBPE OR TUBING

Cross-linked Table 605.4, Table 605.5

PE-AL-PE Table 605.4, Table 605.5

PEX-AL-PEX Table 605.4, Table 605.5

POTABLE WATER, PROTECTION OF 608

PRESSURE OF WATER DISTRIBUTION 604.6

PROHIBITED

Joints and connection 707

Traps 1002.3

PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER 608

PUMPING EQUIPMENT 712

PVC PIPE Table 605.4, Table 605.5,

Table 702.1, Table 702.2

Q

QUALITY OF WATER
General

608.

RAINWATER DRAINAGE Chapter 1 1

REDUCED PRESSURE PRINCIPLE'
BACKFLOW PREVENTER

Definition 202

Periodic inspections 312.9

Standard Table 608.1 , 608.13.2, 608.16.2

Where required 608.15.2, 608.16.2,

608.16.4, 608.16.5, 608.16.6

RELIEF VALVES 504.4, 504.5, 504.6, 504.7.1

Definition 202

RELIEF VENT 91 1 .4, 914, 916.2

Definition 202

DRAINS 1102.6,1105

Definition 202

■IN INSPECTION 107.1

SANITARY SEWER (See BUILDING SEWER)

SANITARY TEES 706.3

SCREWED JOINTS (See JOINTS AND
CONNECTIONS)

SEPARATE FACILITIES 403.2

SERVICE SINKS. Table 403.1, 418

SEWER (See BUILDING SEWER)

SHEET COPPER 402.3

SHEET LEAD 402.4

SHOWERS Table 403.1, 417

SILL COCK 424

SINKS 418

SIZING

Drainage system 71

Fixture drain 709

Fixture water supply 604.5

Vent system 916

Water distribution system 604

Water service 603.1

SLAUGHTERHOUSES 1003.8

2000 INTERiSIATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

135

INDEX

SLEEVES 305.4

^LiP JOINTS (See JOINTS AND CONNECTOONS)

SOLDERING BUSHINGS 705.19

^T CEMENTING (See JOINTS AND
lECTDONS)

IING FIXTURES 423

•S 803

Material Chapter 13

ITANDPIPE DRAIN 802.4

ITEEL PIPE (See also MATERIAL)

Where permitted 605, 702, 1 102

STERILIZER PIPE 422.9

ilQRM DRAINS

Building size 1 106.1

Building subdrains 1 1 12.1

Building subsoil drains 1111.1

Conductors and connections 1104

Definition 202

General 1101

Prohibited drainage 1 1 01 .3

Roof drains 1102.6, 1105

Secondary roof drains 1 107

Sizing of conductors, leaders and

storm drains 1 1 06

Sizing of roof gutters 11 06.6

Sizing of vertical conductors and

leaders 1106.2

Traps 1103

Valves for continuous flow 1 1 09

Where required 1 101 .2

STRAPS (See HANGERS AND SUPPORTS)

STRUCTURAL SAFETY 307, Appendix F

1112.1

1111.1

SUMP ¥ENT 916.5

SUMPS 1111

SUPPORTS (See also PiPSNG PROTECTION) ... 308
SWIMMING POOL

Definition 202

SWIMMING POOL DRA8NAGE 802.1.2

T

TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
RELIEF VALVE 504

TEMPERATURE OF WASTEWATER 803.1

TEST

Drainage and vent air test 312.3

Drainage and vent final test 312.4

Drainage and vent water test 312.2

Forced sewer test 312.7

Gravity sewer test 312.6

Required tests 312.1

Test of backflow prevention devices 312.9

Test of conductors 312.8

THERMAL EXPANSION CONTROL 607.3

THREADED JOINTS (See JOINTS AND
CONNECTIONS)

TOILET FACILITIES FOR WORKERS 311

TOILETS (See WATER CLOSETS)

TRAPS

Acid-resisting 1002.9

Building 1002.6

Design 1002.2

Prohibited types 1002.2

Seal 1002.4

Separate for each fixture 1002.1

Size 709

TRENCHING, EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL .... 306

TUNNELING 306,4

UNDERGROUND DRAINAGE AND

VENT PIPE 702.2

419

VACUUM BREAKERS 608.1, 608.13.5, 608.13.6

VACUUM DRAINAGE SYSTEM Appendix G

VALVES

Air admittance 917

Backwater 715

Definition 202

Pressure reducing 604.8

Relief 504.4

Safety 504.4

VENT

Individual 907

Main 903.1

Multiple branch 91 1 .3.1

Sizing Table 908.3,

Table 909.3, Table 910.4

VENT RELIEF SIZE 914

VENT STACK

Definition 202

VENTS AND VENTING

Circuit or loop 91 1

Combination drain 912

Common 908

Definition 202

Distance from trap Table 906.1

Engineered systems .918

•

•

136

2000 BNTERNATBONAL PLUMBING CODE®

INDEX

•

Size and length Table 916.1

Stack vents 903

Vent terminal 904

Wet vent 909

W

HUNG WATER CLOSETS 420

ASHING MACHINES 406

WASTE

Indirect 802

Special 803

^STEWATER TEMPERATURE 803.1

■ER

Booster 604.7

Cross connection 608.6

Distribution piping material Table 605.5

Excessive pressure 604.8

Hammer 604.9

WATER CLOSETS 420

WATER CONSERVATION

Fixtures 604.4

Flow rates Table 604.4

WATER HEATERS Chapter 5

WIPED JOINTS 705

WORKERS' TOiLET FACILITIES 311

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 1 37

#

•

138 2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

•

EDITORIAL CHANGES - SECOND PRINTING

Page v: In Section 2 Delete the last line in the listing in its entirety.

101.2: In the second line, delete "alternation" and replace with "alteration".

101.2: Add exception to read: Exception: Detached one- and two-family dwellings and multiple single-family dwellings (town-
houses) not more than three stories high with separate means of egress and their accessory structures shall comply with the Interna-
tional Residential Code.

102.3: Revise the sixth line to read: ....maintained in compliance with the code edition under which they were installed.

106.5.2: Revise fourth line to read:, of this code or any other ordinance of the jurisdiction. No permit...

108.7.2 : Revise sixth line to read: Where possible, the owner and occupant of the building....

202: Revise definitions as follows:

FAUCET. A valve end of a water pipe through which water is drawn from or held within the pipe.

TYPE A DWELLING UNIT. Revise third line to read: ...provisions of ICC A117.1.

TYPE B DWELLING UNIT. Revise third line to read: ..provisions of ICC A117.1.

307.3: Revise the title and first line to read: 307.3 Penetrations of floor/ceiling assemblies and fire-resistance-rated assemblies.
Penetrations of floor/ceiling assemblies...

312.8: Revise last hne to read: with Sections 312.3 or 312.3.

314.2.3: Item 1 revise the ninth line to read ...constructed of corrosion-resistant material. Metallic...

314.2.3: Item 1 revise the twelfth hne to read:... metallic pans shall have a minimum thickness of not less...

403.5 : Revise the fifth line to read: ...occupancies. Employee facilities shall be either separate...

404: Delete text of Section 404 and replace with the following:

404. 1 Where required. Accessible plumbing facilities and fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the International Building
Code.

422.9: Revise the third line to read:... of the International Mechanical Code.

424.4: Revise to read as follows:

424.4 Shower valves. Shower and tub-shower combination valves shall be balanced pressure,

thermostatic or combination balanced-pressure/thermostatic valves that conform to the

requirements of ASSE 1016 or CSA B125. Multiple (gang) showers supplied with a single tempered

water supply pipe shall have the water supply for such showers controlled by an approved master

thermostatic mixing valve. Shower and tub-shower combination valves and master thermostatic

mixing valves required by this section shall be equipped with a means to hmit the maximum setting

of the valve to 120°F (49°C), which shall be field adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer's

instructions.

425.2: Revise the title to read: 425.2 Access to concealed connections.

425.4.1:Revise fourth hne to read: ..least 1 inch (25 mm) above the full opening of the overflow pipe.

603.2 :Revise to read as follows:

603.2 Separation of water service and building sewer. Water service pipe and the building sewer shall be separated by 5 feet ( 1 524
mm) of undisturbed or compacted earth.

Exception: The required separation distance shall not apply where the bottom of the water service

pipe within 5 feet (1524 nrni) of the sewer is a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) above the top of the

highest point of the sewer and the pipe materials conform to Section 703. 1 .

Table 604.4:Revise the third row of the table under the column, Maximum Flow Rate or Quantity to read as follows: 2.5 gpm at 80
psi

Table 605 . 1 3 : Delete Table 605 . 1 3 in its entirety.

Table 606.5.4: Change the numbers in column 1 to read as follows:

0-50

51 - 150

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 139

151-200

201 - 400

401 - 700

701 - 1,000

over 1,000

608.13.2: Change B64.3 to B 64.4

705.7.1: Revise the second line to read: ..pipe shall be made with an elastomeiic seal conforming to...

1002.3: Revise Item 6 to read: 6. Drum traps.

1 107.3: In the fourth line delete the words "by two".

1111.1: Revise the eighth line to read: ..location above ground. The subsoil sump shall not be required to..

Chapter 13: Revise standards as follows:

ANSI: Delete ICC/ANSI Al 17.1— 98 in its entirety

ASME:

Add Al 12.4. 1-93 Water Heater Relief Valve Drain Tubes 504.6.2

Add B 16.32-92 Cast Copper Alloys Solder Joint Fittings for Sovent Drain Systems Table 605.6,

Table 702.4, Table 1102.7

ASSE:

1002.79-99 - Delete the ".79"; also delete 425.3.1 and add 425.4.1

1007.73-92 - Delete the ".73"

Add 1022-98 Perfonnance Requirements for Backflow Preventer for Carbonated Beverage

Machines 608.16.1

1037 - Add the edition year "-90", delete 425.2 and add 425.3

Delete 1050-98 in its entirety

Add 1060-96 Performance Requirements for Outdoor Enclosures for Backflow Prevention

Assemblies 608.14.1

ASTM:

AWS:

Delete P.O Box address and change zip code to 33126,

AWWA:

Add C 104-90 Standard for Cement-Mortar Lining for Ductile-Iron Pipe and Fittings for Water 605.4,

605.6

Add CI 15-88 Standard for Hanged Ductile-fron Pipe with Threaded Flanges Table 605.4

Add CI 11-90 Standard for Rubber-Gasket Joints for Ductile-Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings 605.13

CSA:

Add B181.6-96 Polyolefm Laboratory Drainage Systems .... Table 702.1

CISPI:

Replace 301-99 with 301-97. Also add Table 1102.7

ICC:

In the address, change the Suite to 600

Delete /ANSI from ICC/ANSI Al 17.1-98, also delete 401.1

Add ICCEC-2000 ICC Electrical Code™ Administrative Provisions 201 .3, 502. 1, 504.3, 1 1 13. 1 .3

Add IECC-2000 International Energy Conservation Code™ 313.1, 607.2

Add IFC-2000 International Fire Code® 201 .3

Add IPSDC-2000 International Private Sewage Disposal Code ®....701.2

140 2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

•

•

•

•

NFPA:

Delete 70-93 in its entirety

EDITORIAL CHANGES - THIRD PRINTING

Page 1,101.2: New exception now reads . . . Exception: Detached one- and two-family dwellings and multiple single-family dwell-
ings (townhouses) not more than three stories high with separate means of egress and their accessory structures shall comply with
the International Residential Code.

Page 15, 202: TYPE A DWELLING UNIT and TYPE B DWELLING UNIT deleted

Page 23, 403.4.1: Line 4 now reads . . . employee's regular working area and the path of travel to such

Page 24, Table 403.1: OCCUPANCY column, row 12 now reads . . . Mercantile (see Sections 403.2, 403.5 and 403.6)

Page 25, 403.4. 1 : Line 4 now reads . . . employee's regular working area and the path of travel to such

Page 25, 403.5: Line 6 now reads ... or combined employee and public facilities. The required toilet facilities shall be located not
more than one story above or below the employees' work area and the path of travel to such

Page 31, 425.2: Now reads . . . Access to concealed connections. Slip joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric gasket and
shall only be installed on the trap outlet, trap inlet, and within the trap seal. Fixtures with concealed slip-joint connections shall be
provided with an access panel or utility space at least 1 2 inches (305 mm) in its smallest dimension or other approved arrangement so
as to provide access to the slip connections for inspection and repair.

Page 39, Table 605.6: ASME B 16.32 deleted from Copper or copper alloy Standard

Page 49, Table 702.4: ASME B 16.32 deleted from Copper or copper alloy Standard

Page 54, 705.17: Line 2 now reads . . . Section 424.2.

Page 65 , 903 . 1 . 1 : now reads ... A vent stack shall connect to the building drain or to the base of a drainage stack in accordance with
Section 903.4. A stack vent shall be an extension of the drainage stack.

Page 78, Table 1 102.7: ASME B 16.32 deleted from Copper or copper alloy Standard

Page 84, Table 1106.3: Column 4-inch rainfall, row 2 now reads . . . 1,880

Page 87, 1201.1: Last line now reads ... in accordance with the International Fire Code.
Page 94, ICC: Reference standard added . . . IPC— 2000 International Fire Code® 1201.1
Page 109, E103.1: Line 1 now reads . . . Decide from Table 604.3 what is the desirable

Page 109, E103.2. 1 : Now reads . . . Pipe sizes can be selected according to the following procedure or by other design methods con-
forming to acceptable engineering practice, approved by the administrative authority, and that the sizes selected shall not be less
than the minimum required by this code.

Page 109, E103.2.2: Entire section replaced.

Page 131: Index item added . . . VACUUM DRAINAGE SYSTEM...Appendix G

EDITORIAL CHANGES - FOURTH PRINTING

Page 26, 405.8: now reads . . . Slip-joint connections. Slip joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric gasket and shall only
be installed on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures with concealed slip-joint connections shall be provided
with an access panel or utility space at least 12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest dimension or other approved arrangement so as to
provide access to the slip connections for inspection and repair.

Pages 30-31, Sections 424-425: Section numbers have been changed.

EDITORIAL CHANGES - FIFTH PRINTING

Page 1,101.2 Exception: Now reads . . . Exceptions: 1 . Detached one- and two-family dwellings and multiple single-family dwell-
ings (townhouses) not more than three stories high with separate means of egress and their accessory structures shall comply with
the International Residential Code. 2. Provisions in the appendices shall not apply unless specifically adopted.

Page 49, Table 702.1: Standard coliimn, row 7 now reads . . . ASTM F 1488, ASTM F 891.

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 141

Page 50, Table 702.3: Standard column row 7 now reads . . . ASTM F 1488, ASTM F 891
Page 70, Table 916.1: Fifth column heading should read ... 2

EDITORIAL CHANGES - SIXTH PRINTING

Page 50, Table 702.2: Row 7, column 2 now reads . . . ASTM F 891; ASTM F 1488

EDITORIAL CHANGES - SEVENTH PRINTING

Page 91, Referenced Standards: ASSE 1055—98 now reads . . . 1055—97

142

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®